Cabanga ukuthi ubuso bomuntu buphazamiseke ngokuphelele ngenxa yengozi enkulu, ukusha, noma ukugula okungathi sína. Mhlawumbe ngisho nezingxenye ezibalulekile njengekhala, izinkophe, nezindebe zilahlekile. Lesi simo asinakulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa okuvamile kwepulasitiki. Kusesimweni esingathi sína lapho ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nokuthuthukile kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, 'ukufakelwa kobuso', kungabaza khona.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa ubuso?
Ukufakelwa ubuso inqubo yokuhlinzwa esebenzisa izicubu zobuso ezivela kumuntu oshonile ukuze kufakwe bonke noma ingxenye yobuso besiguli. Lokhu akuyona inqubo evamile. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-vascularized composite allograft (VCA) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona nje isikhumba kuphela kodwa nemisipha engaphansi, amathambo, imizwa, kanye nemithambo yegazi ezifakwa ndawonye.
Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okungavamile kakhulu, okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Futhi kunenani elilinganiselwe labanikeli abazonikela ngobuso. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ufanelekele lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, kufanele uhlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile kakhulu. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthole ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, kanye nemithi impilo yakho yonke.
Ubani ofanele lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu akuyona inqubo yokuhlinzwa wonke umuntu angayenza. Ukuze ufanelekele lokhu, lezi zimfuneko ezilandelayo kumele zihlangatshezwe.
| Iziqu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kobuso okukhulu | Ukukhubazeka kobuso okukhulu noma ukulimala okungenakulashwa ngokuhlinzwa okuvamile kwepulasitiki noma ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka izimo ezifana nokulahlekelwa yikhala, amajwabu amehlo, nezindebe. |
| Ubudala | Yiba neminyaka ephakathi kuka-18 no-60 ubudala. |
| Ukukhulelwa | Ukungakhulelwa futhi uzimisele ukuhlehlisa ukukhulelwa okungenani unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. |
| Izifo ezikhona | Akukho ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge -HIV noma i-hepatitis . |
| Ukubhema | Kuyimpoqo ukuba umuntu ongabhemi. |
| Ezinye izifo | Akukho mlando womdlavuza noma isifo senhliziyo . |
| Ukufinyelela emithini | Ukukwazi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke. |
Kungani umuntu angasebenzisa ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kangaka?
Ukufakelwa ubuso kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu. Kuhilela izingozi ezinkulu. Kuzodingeka uhlanganyele ohlelweni lokuvuselelwa olujulile cishe unyaka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kuzodingeka futhi uhlolwe njalo impilo yakho yonke.
Ithemba eliyinhloko lalabo abenza lokhu kuhlinzwa ukuthola ikhambi lokukhubazeka okukhulu ebusweni babo. Kungaba futhi ikhambi kwezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yilokhu kukhubazeka. Isibonelo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma
- Ubunzima bokuhlafuna nokugwinya
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusiza nokubuyisela le misebenzi.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa? Ingabe kukhona ukulungiselela okuningi?
Yebo, ngaphambi kokunquma ukuhlinzwa, kufanele udlule ochungechungeni lokuhlolwa olubanzi noluphelele. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu.
1. I-Physiology
Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umzimba wakho kanye nokusebenza kobuso bakho. Imisipha yakho yobuso kanye nemizwa kumele kube nempilo eyanele ukusekela izicubu ezintsha ezifakelwa. Umzimba wakho kumele ukwazi ukumelana nalolu hlinzeko olukhulu, uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke, futhi uhlanganyele ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela ezijulile.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yomzimba (Ngokomzimba)
Lokhu kuhilela ukubheka impilo yakho iyonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umlando womndeni wakho wezimo zezokwelapha, imithi oyiphuzayo njengamanje, isimo senhliziyo yakho nezinye izitho zomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray, kanye nokuskena kwe-computed tomography (CT) . Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, kungenzeka ngisho nokudala imodeli yekhanda lakho ephrintiwe nge-3D ukuze uhlele kahle ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa kanjani.
3. Ukulungiselela ngokwengqondo
Odokotela bezifo zengqondo kanye nezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle bazokhuluma nawe ngokucindezeleka kwengqondo okungase kubhekane nawe kanye nalabo abakusekelayo phakathi nalolu hambo. Isibonelo, ukukulungiselela ngokwengqondo ukunakwa komphakathi kanye nokunakwa kwabezindaba ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukujwayela ubuso obusha, kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukiswa.
Ungamthola kanjani umnikeli?
Uma, ngemva kwazo zonke lezi zivivinyo, odokotela benquma ukuthi uyakufanelekela lokhu kuhlinzwa, uzofakwa ohlwini lwabantu abazonikela ngobuso. Lokhu kuhlukile kumbhalo wokunikela ngezitho zomzimba esivame ukuwusayina lapho sithola ilayisense yethu yokushayela. Ukuze unikele ngobuso, kufanele uthole imvume ekhethekile emndenini womufi.
Ubuso buyinto eveza ubuwena bethu, imizwa yethu. Ngakho-ke iqiniso lokuthi othile kufanele afe ukuze kufakwe isitho esinjengalesi ukuze abe nobuso kungaba nzima engqondweni kumuntu olindile. Kodwa emndenini womnikeli, ukwazi ukuthi ukufa komuntu othandekayo wakhe kuzosiza omunye umuntu kuyimpumuzo enkulu.
Kumelwe kube nokufana okuningana phakathi komnikeli nesiguli.
| Isici Esihambisanayo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwegazi | Ukuqhathaniswa kohlobo lwegazi kuyimpoqo. |
| Uhlobo lwezicubu | Lokhu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokwenqatshwa ngumzimba. |
| Ubufazi/ubudoda | Ngokuvamile, abantu bobulili obufanayo bayashada. |
| Umbala wesikhumba kanye nemvelo | Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhumba esifana kakhulu kanye nokuthungwa ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Ubudala nosayizi wobuso | Ukuba ngumuntu weqembu leminyaka efanayo nobukhulu bobuso obufanayo. |
Ngenxa yalezi zindlela eziqinile, kungadingeka ulinde izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukuze uthole umnikeli ofanele.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Uma usuthole umnikeli ofanelana nawe, kuzodingeka ufike esibhedlela ngokushesha. Umnikeli uvame ukushona noma ubuchopho bakhe bufile.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ithimba lezokwelapha liqala ngokususa ngokucophelela izicubu (isikhumba, amafutha, imisipha, imizwa, imithambo yegazi, uqwanga) ebusweni bomnikeli. Bese zifakwa esixazululweni esikhethekile, zipholiswe, bese zigcinwa.
Uzolaliswa ngokuphelele futhi ulale, ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu. Uma usulele, odokotela bazosusa isikhumba sakho nezicubu zakho ezonakele. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlinzwa ukuxhuma imithambo yegazi yakho nemithambo yegazi ebusweni obusha besebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlinza amahle kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-vascularization . Uma lokhu kwenziwa kahle, izicubu ezintsha zizoba negazi futhi zizophila.
Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi kusebenza kahle, odokotela baxhumanisa kabusha imizwa nemisipha. Uma imizwa ixhunyiwe, ubuso buthola umuzwa (ukuthinta, ukushisa, ukubanda, ubuhlungu). Uma imisipha ixhunyiwe, ubuso bunganyakaza (ukumamatheka, ukuhwaqabala, ukucwayiza). Ekugcineni, isikhumba nezicubu ezithambile kuyathungwa ndawonye.
Lonke lolu hlinzwa lungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kusukela emahoreni ayi-10 kuya kwangu-36 .
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, lokhu kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi Nezinkinga |
|---|---|
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Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya usuka esibhedlela, kuzodingeka ubuyele esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuvamile, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso kuvame ukwehla zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu .
- Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingaba yisithupha, umuzwa ebusweni uqala ukubuya.
- Ngemva konyaka, imisebenzi eminingi yobuso ibuyela esimweni sayo esijwayelekile.
Ingabe ngizofana ncamashi nomnikeli?
Cha. Ngeke ubukeke njengomuntu onikelayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isakhiwo samathambo ekhanda ngaphansi kobuso bakho sihlukile kuwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zesikhumba somuntu onikelayo, njengezibazi, izimpawu zokuzalwa, noma izibazi, zingase zivele ebusweni bakho obusha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa ubuso kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi engavamile yokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ukwelapha ukukhubazeka okukhulu kobuso.
- Kumelwe udlule ochungechungeni lokuhlolwa olude kakhulu noluphelele ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukulungele yini ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo lokhu.
- Kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuthola umnikeli ofanele.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke ukuze uvimbele umzimba wakho ekwenqabeni ubuso obusha, okungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola ezinye izifo.
- Inqubo yokululama inde kakhulu futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba okujulile, ukuzinikela, kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile komndeni.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngazo zonke izindaba ngokukhululekile nangokucacile nodokotela wakho.
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