Sonke siyazi ngomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ohambisana nenkathi yokubanda. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akuyona nje umkhuhlane, yigciwane elibi kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Influenza' noma 'i-Flu' njengoba sikubiza kanjalo. Lesi yisifo esisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu sisuka kumuntu siya komunye futhi ngezinye izikhathi singadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu nephephile yokuzivikela kulokhu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalo muthi wokugomela, izinhlobo zawo, ukuthi obani okufanele bawuthole, nokuthi obani okungafanele bawuthole.
Uyini umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uwumjovo owuthola minyaka yonke ukuze ukuvikele egciwaneni lomkhuhlane. Isifo sokuphefumula esibangelwa yileli gciwane ngezinye izikhathi singaba yizimo ezinzima njenge-pneumonia futhi singasongela nokuphila. Ngakho ukuthola umuthi wokugomela kungaphezu nje komjovo womkhuhlane.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakha amasosha omzimba wethu ngaphambi kokuba sichayeke egciwaneni lomkhuhlane. Yilokho okwenziwa yilo muthi wokugoma.
Zingaki izinhlobo zemithi yokugoma ezikhona?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma uhlobo olukufanele kakhulu, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nesimo sakho sempilo. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo zinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomjovo | Amaphuzu akhethekile |
|---|---|
| Umjovo Ojwayelekile Womkhuhlane | Lena yiyo esetshenziswa kakhulu. Iqukethe izinhlayiya zegciwane ezibulewe (ezingasebenzi). Ngakho-ke awusoze wathola umkhuhlane kulo muthi wokugomela . Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala angawuthola. |
| Umuthi wokugomela okhethekile wabantu abadala (Umjovo Onomthamo Omkhulu) | Lokhu kwenzelwe ngqo abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Njengoba amasosha omzimba eba buthaka njengoba siguga, amandla alo muthi wokugoma aphezulu ukuze abanikeze isivikelo esengeziwe. |
| Umuthi Wokufutha Ikhala | Lokhu kuqukethe igciwane eliphilayo, kodwa elibuthakathaka kakhulu (i-Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine - LAIV). Lokhu kuyindlela enhle kulabo abesaba imijovo. Kodwa-ke, kunikezwa kuphela abantu abaphilile, abangakhulelwe abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-2-49. |
| Imithi Yokugomela Engenamaqanda Yabantu Abanokungezwani Namaqanda | Imithi eminingi yokugomela umkhuhlane yenziwa ngamaqanda, kodwa kunemithi yokugomela ekhethekile eyenziwe ngaphandle kwamaqanda kubantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zokungezwani namaqanda. |
Kungani ngidinga ukuthola lo muthi wokugoma minyaka yonke?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Cabanga ngakho, igciwane lomkhuhlane lifana nesela elikwaziyo ukuzifihla. Lishintsha ukubukeka kwalo kancane njalo ngesizini. Ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugomela owenziwe ngonyaka odlule ungase ungafani kahle nohlobo olusha lwegciwane oluzophuma kulo nyaka. Njalo ngonyaka, ososayensi benza ucwaningo, bathole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zegciwane okungenzeka ukuthi zisakazeke ngokulandelayo, futhi benze umuthi wokugomela wakamuva ofanele bona. Yingakho sidinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela omusha njalo ngonyaka.
Ubani okufanele nakanjani athole umuthi wokugoma?
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-World Health Organization zincoma ukuthi cishe bonke abantu abadala bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, kunabantu abathile abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu uma bethola umkhuhlane. Uma ungomunye wala maqembu, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela kuyinto edingekayo.
| Amaqembu Asengozini Enkulu | |
|---|---|
| Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona |
|
| Ezinye izigaba zengozi | |
Obani okungafanele bagonywe?
Nakuba lo muthi wokugoma uphephile kubantu abaningi, bakhona abanye abantu okungafanele bawuthole.
- Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba nomgomo womkhuhlane wangaphambilini.
- Uma uke waba nesifo sezinzwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) zingakapheli amasonto ayisithupha kusukela uthole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wangaphambilini.
- Uma une-allergy enkulu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomjovo.
Ikakhulukazi mayelana nokungezwani namaqanda
Ngaphambilini, lo muthi wokugomela wawunganconywa kubantu abane-allergies yamaqanda. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo seluthole ukuthi inani leprotheyini yamaqanda emgomweni lincane kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi libangele izinkinga kumuntu one-allergies yamaqanda evamile. Kodwa-ke, uma une -allergies enzima, esongela impilo yamaqanda (i-anaphylaxis) , qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugomela.
Abantu okungafanele basebenzise i-nasal spray:
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka
- Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma nesifo sikashukela
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi zomuthi wokugoma?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imijovo ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokulimala okukhulu okuvela emgomeni womkhuhlane iphansi kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi emincane ebonwayo ivame ukuphela phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.
| Uhlobo lomjovo | Imiphumela emibi evamile |
|---|---|
| Ukugonywa njalo (Umjovo Womkhuhlane) | - Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova - Ubuhlungu bomzimba - Umkhuhlane omncane |
| Isifutho Sekhala | - Impumulo egobhozayo noma impumulo evalekile - Umphimbo obuhlungu - Ukukhwehlela kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu |
Izimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha
Nakuba lezi zingavamile kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu zingakapheli imizuzu noma amahora ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, ungazinaki.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela
- Isiyezi
- Ukushintsha kwezwi (ukuhosha)
- Ama-Hives
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Ukudideka noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu
Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane ungaba yisifo esingathi sína. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kuwo ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umuthi wokugoma uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona (njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, i-asthma), ukhulelwe, noma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane yomjovo (umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba) ivamile futhi izophela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuqunjelwa, bona udokotela ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nohlobo lomjovo olufanele wena nokuthi ungagonywa kanjani, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho bese uthola iseluleko esifanele.
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