Ingabe nawe, osebenza epulazini, ungayithola le sifo? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-(Farmer's Lung)!

Ingabe ungumlimi? Noma ingabe ungumuntu osebenza epulazini futhi ohlala ebhekene nezinto ezifana notshani, ibhali, notshani obomile? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, ukhwehlela, uzizwa ubuthakathaka, noma unomkhuhlane ngenkathi usebenza ngalezi zinto? Uma kunjalo, lokhu kuyinto engabaluleka kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Farmer's Lung."

Kuyini "iLung Lomlimi"?

Kalula nje, lolu uhlobo lokungezwani komzimba oluthinta amaphaphu ethu. Ukuze kube sobala, lubangela ukuvuvukala ezikhwameni zomoya ezincane ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu ethu, i-alveoli, lapho kushintshaniswa khona umoya-mpilo lapho siphefumula. Lokhu kubizwa nge -Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ngokwezokwelapha.

Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukuphefumula uthuli oluvela otshanini obukhuntile, utshani obomile, okusanhlamvu, noma ezinye izinto ezihlobene nepulazi. Lokhu kuhluke kancane ku-'allergic rhinitis' esivame ukuyithola othulini noma ezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba kubi kakhulu kunokungezwani okunjalo. Ngoba, uma siqhubeka nokuphefumula lezi zinhlayiya zesikhunta, kunethuba elikhulu lokulimala unomphela emaphashini ethu.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-"Farmer's Lung"?

Yebo, lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Lezi yizi:

• `Iphaphu Lomlimi Obukhali`: Ake sithi usebenze nenqwaba yotshani obukhuntile. Phakathi namahora ambalwa okusebenza, kungazelelwe uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zingase ziphele phakathi namahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba ungekho endaweni ekhuntile.
• I-Subacute Farmer's Lung: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside, ezingeni eliphansi kusikhunta. Izimpawu zingavela kancane futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Ungase ucabange, "O, lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane omubi." Izimpawu zingaba zingapheli noma ziphele.
• Iphaphu Lomlimi Elingapheli: Lokhu kungavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokuchayeka kaningi kakhulu, noma ngemva kokuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu esikhunta. Izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane. Lokhu kuvuvukala okungapheli kungagcina kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwamaphaphu okungenakuguqulwa . Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu zingase zihluke kancane kuye ngohlobo lwesimo.

Izimpawu zesimo 'esibucayi':

Lokhu kuvame ukuvela emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuchayeka esikhunteni:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukukhwehlela(ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okomile)
• Ukuzwa ukuqina nokuqina esifubeni
• Ukugodola (ukuthuthumela nomkhuhlane)
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha

Izimpawu zezimo ze-'Subacute' kanye ne-'Chronic':

Lezi zimpawu zingase zifane nezesimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa zikhula kancane kancane futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Esigabeni 'se-subacute', ungase uzizwe sengathi unomkhuhlane oqhubekayo .
• Esimweni 'esingamahlalakhona', ungase ubhekane nalokhu:
• Ngizizwa ngiphelelwa umoya futhi ngiphelelwa amandla ngokushesha kunangaphambili (ikakhulukazi lapho ngenza ngisho nomsebenzi omncane kakhulu).
• Ukukhwehlela nokukhathala kuyakhula kancane kancane, akuyeki.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka ngengozi.
• Ukugoqana ngeminwe noma ngezinzwane (ukugoqana ngeminwe noma ngezinzwane) .

Kungani lokhu "Iphaphu Lomlimi" kukhula?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zesikhunta zikhula ezintweni ezifana notshani, utshani obomile, kanye nohlamvu. Lapho lezi sikhunta ziphazanyiswa yinto yangaphandle (isibonelo, lapho inqwaba yotshani iphukile noma isikhwama sohlamvu sidonswa), isikhunta sikhipha izinhlayiya (`izinhlayiya`) ezincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama emoyeni.

Uma siphefumula lezi zinhlayiya, amasosha omzimba wethu asabela ngokweqile , okubangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Lokhu kufana nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba.

Cabanga nje, imizimba yethu ibona lezi zinhlayiya zesikhunta "njengesitha." Lapho sisabela okokuqala kulezi zinhlayiya, imizimba yethu yenza amakhemikhali akhethekile ukuze iwabone esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa okwenzekayo ezimweni "zomlimi wamaphaphu" kanye nezinye izimo ze-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis' ukuthi njengoba siqhubeka nokuchayeka kule allergen, imizimba yethu iba 'sensitive' kakhulu, okwenza ukusabela okulandelayo kube kubi nakakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kusabela okukhulu kulimaza ama-air sac (alveoli) emaphashini ethu kanye nemigudu emincane yomoya eholela kuwo. Lo monakalo yiwona obangela ukuthi izimpawu zande kancane kancane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Uma usebenza ngotshani noma okusanhlamvu okukhuntile, noma uma uvame ukuba sendaweni enjalo, usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho utshani nokusanhlamvu kumanzi futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kukhule isikhunta. Ngakho-ke, ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu ngalezi zikhathi.

Laba bantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola "amaphaphu omlimi":

• Abantu abasebenza emapulazini obisi
• Labo abacubungula futhi balayishe okusanhlamvu
• Abantu abaphatha utshani noma utshani obomile (ikakhulukazi lapho bephula amabhele otshani obungaba nesikhunta)
• Abantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi ezitebeleni
• Abantu abasebenza ema-zoo
• Abantu abangasebenzisi imishini ezenzakalelayo ukuphatha izinto ezifana notshani nokusanhlamvu (okungukuthi, abantu abenza ingxenye enkulu yalokhu basebenza ngesandla)
• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70 (abavame kakhulu kuleli qembu leminyaka)

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Ukuqhubeka nokuchayeka ezikhumbeni ezibangela "amaphaphu omlimi" kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ezibaluleke kakhulu kulezi yilezi:

• Ukusha kwamaphaphu (i-pulmonary fibrosis): Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu alahlekelwe ukuguquguquka kwawo futhi asebenze kabi. Ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu): Uma amaphaphu onakele, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi emaphashini. Lokhu kungathinta nenhliziyo.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uxilonga "i-Farmer's Lung" ngemuva kokucabangela izici eziningana.

• Izimpawu zakho (ukuthi uzizwa kanjani, ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unazo, njll.)
• Umlando wakho wezempilo (izifo zangaphambilini, imithi oyiphuzayo)
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba (udokotela uyakukuhlola)
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile:
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile, njengephaneli ethi `Hypersensitivity pneumonitis`, kungahlola ukuthi umzimba wakho usabele yini kumaprotheni abangela `iphaphu likaFarmer` kanye nezinye izimo `zokwanda kwe-pneumonitis`.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe zamaphaphu: Kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze kuhlolwe umonakalo, ukuvuvukala, noma izibazi emaphashini.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhilela ukukunika umoya ongaphakathi nongaphandle komshini okhethekile ukuze uhlole ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ungawuphefumula futhi uwukhiphe umoya ongakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, ithubhu enekhamera encane idluliselwa emaphashini ukuze ibuke ingaphakathi lamaphaphu bese ithatha amasampula amancane ezicubu (ama-biopsies) ukuze ihlolwe.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ekuxilongweni ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umuntu abhekane nesikhunta endaweni osebenza kuyo noma ohlala kuyo .

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ukuze welaphe ngempumelelo "iphaphu lomlimi," kubalulekile ukugwema ngokuphelele isikhunta esibangela lokhu. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Imithi:
• Ama-Corticosteroids noma izidakamizwa zokucindezela amasosha omzimba:Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-'prednisone', 'mycophenolate', kanye ne-'azathioprine' inganikezwa.
• Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic: Imithi efana ne-pirfenidone ne-nintedanib inganciphisa izinga lokulimala emaphashini.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu: Ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile kokuphefumula, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nokwelulekwa kusiza ukwenza ukuphefumula kube lula futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma izinga lakho le-oxygen egazini liphansi, unganikwa i-oxygen eyengeziwe nge-cannula yamakhala noma i-mask yobuso.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu: Uma amaphaphu onakele kakhulu futhi enesibazi, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungadingeka njengesisombululo sokugcina.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Ngisho nangale mithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, uma uqhubeka nokuvezwa isikhunta, lesi sifo singaphinde sibuye. Futhi kunethuba elikhulu lokulimala kwamaphaphu unomphela. "Ephashini lomlimi" elingapheli, ukulimala kwamaphaphu ngezinye izikhathi kungaqhubeka nokuba kubi ngisho nangemva kokuba ugweme ngokuphelele isikhunta.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uma une-‘Acute` (enzima) `Farmer's Lung`, ungase uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngokushesha ngemva kokugwema isikhunta esibangela lesi sifo (mhlawumbe phakathi namahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa). Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi ukuvuvukala emaphashini akho kuphole ngokuphelele. Kuzo zombili izimo `Acute` kanye `nezingapheli`, omunye umonakalo ungase ube unomphela .

Yini umuntu one-"Farmer's Lung" angayilindela?

Lokhu kuncike ekutheni usunesikhathi esingakanani uphethwe yi-"farmer's pain" nokuthi inzima kangakanani.

• Izimo 'ezibukhali' zivame ukuba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa kuphela uma ungaphinde ubhekane nesikhunta.
• Isimo esithi "subacute" (esishubile kancane) singahlala izinyanga eziningana. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga ukwelashwa ngemithi.
• "Iphaphu lomlimi" elingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile kunzima ukulelapha ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi yenze impilo ibe lula kancane.

Ungakwazi yini ukululama ngokuphelele "ekuhlushweni yi-Farmer's Lung"?

Izinhlobo ezibukhali nezingaphansi kwesikhumba "samaphaphu omlimi" zingelashwa , kodwa kubalulekile ukugwema ukuchayeka esikhumbeni. Kungadingeka nemithi yokwelapha ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Kodwa-ke, "amaphaphu omlimi" angapheli avame ukubangela umonakalo emaphashini (ikakhulukazi amanxeba - i-fibrosis).Akunakuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa nokugwema isikhunta kunganciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe.

Ingabe lokhu kunomthelela esikhathini sokuphila?

Isikhathi sokusinda ngemva kokuxilongwa kwe-'Chronic' Farmer's Lung' sincike ekutheni amaphaphu alimele yini nokuthi umonakalo unzima kangakanani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimo ze-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis', isikhathi sokusinda esilinganiselwe simi kanje:

• Umuntu ongenazo izibazi (fibrosis) emaphashini angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ngemuva kokuxilongwa ukuthi unesifo.
• Umuntu onezibazi (i-fibrosis) emaphashini, kodwa engenawo omunye umonakalo omkhulu (isib., ukwakheka kwamaphaphu ezinyosi), angaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-8 ngemva kokuxilongwa.
• Umuntu onomonakalo omkhulu wamaphaphu (kokubili i-fibrosis kanye nokutshala uju) angaphila iminyaka engaba mithathu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukufakelwa amaphaphu kungandisa lezi zikhathi. Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zibalo, zimane nje ziyizilinganiso ezilinganiselwe. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi isimo sakho sinjani.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani lokhu?

Indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuzivikela "ephashini lomlimi" ukugwema ukuchayeka ezikhumbeni ezibangela lokhu. Uma usebenza ngezinto ezingakhulisa isikhunta, ungenza okulandelayo ukunciphisa ingozi yakho:

• Utshani obumanzi, okusanhlamvu, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yasepulazini kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi kome kahle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa noma ukugcinwa.
• Gcina izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwesikhunta .
• Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, sebenzisa imishini ezenzakalelayo esikhundleni sokuphatha ngesandla izinto ezivame ukukhunta, njengotshani kanye nokusanhlamvu.
• Uma usebenza ngezinto ezingakhulisa isikhunta, njengotshani kanye nokusanhlamvu, kubalulekile ukugqoka Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka imaski enhle ehlunga izinhlayiya ezincane .
• Uma uhlanza izindawo ezinothuli, sebenzisa indwangu emanzi ukuhlanza ngaphandle kokuvusa uthuli. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lezinhlayiya zesikhunta eziqongelela emoyeni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi izakhiwo eziqukethe izinto ezingabangela isikhunta zinomoya omuhle.

Ngizinakekela kanjani mina (Ukuzinakekela)?

Uma udokotela ekuxilongile ukuthi une-Farmer's Lung, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze nithuthukise uhlelo lokunciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe emaphashini akho.

• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Izinto ongazenza ekhaya ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akhoBuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuzivocavoca okukhethekile ngokomzimba noma ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

• Uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula, noma uma zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Uma usuvele une-Farmer's Lung, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uvakashela udokotela, kungaba usizo ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ngingakugwema kanjani ukuchayeka ezikhumbeni ezibangela "amaphaphu omlimi"?
• Ingabe amaphaphu ami onakele? Angakanani amabi?
• Ingabe lo monakalo ungabuyiselwa emuva?
• Kufanele ngiyisebenzise kanjani le mithi? Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?
• Ngingalindela isikhathi esingakanani sokululama?
• Kufanele ngize nini kudokotela futhi?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

"Iphaphu lomlimi" yisifo esingalimaza amaphaphu akho uma uhlala ubhekene nezinto ezifana notshani obukhuntile kanye nokusanhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, ungagwema umonakalo omkhulu nohlala njalo.

Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu zamaphaphu eziqhubekayo - noma uma ucabanga ukuthi "lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane omubi" - kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma utholakale une-Farmer's Lung, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngobuqotho mayelana nobunzima besimo sakho. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze wenze ukuphefumula kwakho kube lula futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

` Iphaphu Lomlimi, Iphaphu Lomlimi, isifo samaphaphu, ukungezwani komzimba, isikhunta, ezolimo, izinkinga zokuphefumula