Kungani lokhu kukhwehlela? (Ukukhwehlela) - Ake sithole ukuthi kuyini ngempela lokhu kukhwehlela okucasulayo!

Ukukhwehlela kuyinto esibhekana nayo sonke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhwehlela okuza nomkhuhlane omncane kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kodwa okunye ukukhwehlela kuhlala izinyanga, akusivumeli ngisho nokulala ebusuku, futhi kuyasiqeda amandla ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kuyini ngempela lokhu kukhwehlela? Kungani sikhwehlela? Ingabe konke ukukhwehlela kuyafana? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe nanamuhla.

Kuyini ukukhwehlela? Kungani sikhwehlela?

Kalula nje, ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kuyimpendulo ezenzakalelayo (reflex) . Uma kukhona into engafuneki noma ecasulayo ebambeke emphinjeni wakho noma esifubeni sakho emigudwini yomoya (`(Airways)`), umzimba uyakhwehlela ukuze uyikhiphe. Cabanga ngakho, uma ngokuzumayo uminza ukudla ngenkathi udla, ukhwehlela, yilokho okwenzekayo.

Yiziphi lezi zinto ezicasulayo?

• Uthuli nentuthu: Izinhlayiya zothuli endaweni ezungezile, ukukhishwa kwentuthu emotweni, kanye nentuthu kagwayi kungabangela ukukhwehlela uma zingena emgudwini wokuphefumula.
• I-Mucus: Uma sinesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, imigudu yethu yomoya ikhiqiza i-mucus eningi. Umzimba uyakhwehlela ukuze ususe le-mucus.
• Ukutheleleka : Uma kukhona ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, kuyacasula nemigudu yokuphefumula.

Ngakho-ke ukukhwehlela empeleni kuyinto eyenziwa yimizimba yethu ukuze isivikele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kungaba yinto ecasulayo kakhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhwehlela?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokukhwehlela. Ezinye zincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zidinga ukunakwa okuncane. Ake sibheke izimbangela eziyinhloko.

• Umkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane (`(Umkhuhlane)`): Lezi yizimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhwehlela. Lezi zimo zibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Lokhu kukhwehlela kuvame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya esontweni elilodwa noma amabili.

• I-asthma: I-asthma iyimbangela enkulu yokukhwehlela kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Uma une-asthma, izindlela zakho zokuphefumula ziyavuvukala, zinciphe, futhi zigcwale amafinyila. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kubangele ukukhwehlela. Kwabanye abantwana, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kungaba yisona kuphela isibonakaliso sokuthi bane-asthma. Lokhu kukhwehlela kungase kube kubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezicasulayo: Abanye abantu bangezwani nezinto ezifana nothuli, impova, kanye nokungcola kwezilwane, okungabangela nokukhwehlela. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezifana nentuthu kagwayi, iphunga elinamandla, kanye nokungcola komoya nakho kungacasula imigudu yomoya futhi kubangele ukukhwehlela.

• I-Bronchitis (I-Bronchitis):Yilapho izindlela zomoya eziyinhloko (i-bronchi) eziholela emaphashini zitheleleka futhi zivuvukale. I-bronchitis ebukhali ivame ukubangelwa yigciwane futhi ingalandela umkhuhlane. I-bronchitis engapheli iyisimo esibi kakhulu futhi ivame ukwenzeka kubantu ababhemayo.

• I-pneumonia: Lokhu ukutheleleka okuthinta amaphaphu. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula , kanye nobuhlungu besifuba. I-pneumonia yisimo okufanele nakanjani sibonwe udokotela.

• I-Sinusitis kanye ne-Postnasal Drip: Ama-sinuses ayizimbobo ezingaphakathi kobuso bethu. I-Sinusitis yenzeka uma lezi zitheleleka. Bese kuthi ama-mucus aqale ukuphuma aye ngemuva komphimbo (i-Postnasal Drip). Lokhu kungabangela nokukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.

• Isifo Sokuphindezela Kwesisu Esiphuma Emlonyeni (GERD): Kwabanye abantu, i-asidi yesisu ingakhuphuka emlonyeni bese icasula umphimbo. Lokhu kungabangela nokukhwehlela okomile, ikakhulukazi ngemva nje kokudla noma lapho ulele phansi.

• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi yokucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu (njengemithi yokuvimbela i-ACE) ingabangela ukukhwehlela okomile njengomphumela ongemuhle. Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uqala ukukhwehlela okusha.

• Ezinye izimbangela: Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kungabangelwa yizimo ezibucayi njengesifo sofuba (TB) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngalezi zinto ngoba nje ukhwehlela njalo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhwehlela njalo okungapheli, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Njengoba wazi, ukukhwehlela nakho kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu se-COVID-19.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhwehlela?

Yebo, ukukhwehlela kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza nodokotela ukuthola imbangela.

Ukukhwehlela Okumile vs Ukukhwehlela Okuphumelelayo/Okumanzi

• Ukukhwehlela okomile : Lolu hlobo lokukhwehlela alukhiqizi amafinyila. Kuzwakala sengathi kuyakhahlela emphinjeni. Lolu hlobo lokukhwehlela luvame ukwenzeka ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka ngegciwane, i-asthma, i-GERD, kanye neminye imithi.
• Ukukhwehlela kwe-mucus: Kulokhu, i-mucus ikhiqizwa uma ukhwehlela. Umbala (omhlophe, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani) kanye nobukhulu be-mucus kunganikeza umbono othile ngohlobo lokutheleleka. Ukukhwehlela kwe-mucus kubonakala ezimweni ezifana ne-`(Bronchitis)` kanye ne-`(Pneumonia)`.

Ukukhwehlela Okubukhali vs Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli

• Ukukhwehlela okungazelelwe (`(Ukukhwehlela Okubukhali)`):Lokhu ukukhwehlela okuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amathathu. Kuvame ukubangelwa izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-`(Acute Bronchitis)`.
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo (`(Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli)`): Leli igama esilibiza ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayi-8. Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zalokhu. I-asthma , `(GERD)`, `(I-Bronchitis Engapheli)`, `(I-Postnasal Drip)` yizona eziyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhwehlela kungaqhubeka ngisho noma izimbangela eziningana zihlangana.

Ukukhwehlela Kwasebusuku

Okunye ukukhwehlela kuyakhathaza kakhulu ebusuku kunasemini. Abantu abane-asthma, i-GERD, kanye ne-postnasal drip bangase babe nokukhwehlela okubi kakhulu ebusuku.

Ukukhwehlela okubangelwa ukuzivocavoca

Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abane-asthma, bangase bakhwehlele ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca".

Ake siqaphele kakhudlwana ngokukhwehlela ezinganeni ezincane.

Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izingane ezincane zikhwehlele. Amasosha azo omzimba asakhula, ngakho-ke zivame ukuthola umkhuhlane, imfiva, kanye nokukhwehlela.

Kungokwemvelo ngabazali ukukhathazeka lapho ingane encane ikhwehlela. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu okufanele esatshwe.

Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi lapho kudingeka siqaphele khona ukukhwehlela ezinganeni ezincane:

• Isifuba somoya: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isifuba somoya singaba imbangela enkulu yokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo ezinganeni. Qaphela ukukhwehlela okuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku kanye nokukhwehlela okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudlala.
• Ukukhwehlela Okukhulu (i-Pertussis): Lokhu kuyigciwane eliyingozi elibangelwa amagciwane. Kubangela ukukhwehlela ngokushesha kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokuphefumula, futhi ekugcineni uphefumula ngomsindo othi "okukhulu". Kukhona umuthi wokugomela lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi uwuthatha kahle.
• I-Croup: Lesi yisimo lapho imigudu yomoya ephezulu ivuvukala khona, okubangela ukukhwehlela okukhonkothayo okuhlukile. Kungase kube nomsindo wokukhala kwekhwela (stridor) lapho uphefumula.
• Ukuminyana: Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezincane zingaba nento ebambekayo emigudwini yazo yomoya ngenxa yezinto ezizifaka emlonyeni wazo. Lokhu kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe uma zikhwehlela ngokuzumayo, okunzima noma ziphefumula kanzima.

Uma ukukhwehlela kwengane yakho kungapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, uma inenkinga yokuphefumula, uma inomkhuhlane, uma ingadli kahle, uma ikhathele futhi ingadlali, khona-ke nakanjani yiyise kudokotela.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukukhwehlela ekhaya?

Akudingeki ugijimele kudokotela njalo uma ukhwehlela. Uma ukhwehlela nje, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ekhaya.

• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi ashisayo nesobho, kuzomanzisa umphimbo wakho futhi kusize ekunciphiseni amafinyila, okwenza kube lula ukuphuma.
• Uju:Izingane ezingaphezu konyaka kanye nabantu abadala banganikwa ithisipuni elilodwa loju. Uju lunciphisa umphimbo obuhlungu futhi lududuze ukukhwehlela. Kodwa-ke, unganiki izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa uju.
• Ukuphefumula Ngomusi: Ukuphefumula umusi osuka ebhodleleni lamanzi ashisayo kungasiza ekumanziseni imigudu yomoya futhi kukhulule amafinyila. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho uphefumula umusi wezingane ezincane, ngoba ungazishisa. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuvula impompi yamanzi ashisayo endlini yokugezela bese uhlala emsini isikhashana.
• Gwema intuthu nezinto ezicasulayo: Gwema izindawo ezinentuthu kagwayi. Hlanza indlu yakho kahle. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-``(Air fresheners)`` enephunga elinamandla kanye namaphunga.
• Ukuphumula: Ukuphumula komzimba kuhle kunoma yisiphi isifo.
• Hlanza ngamanzi anosawoti: Uma unesihlungu somphimbo, ukuhlanza ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele kungakunikeza impumuzo.
• Amasiraphu okukhwehlela atholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (amasiraphu okukhwehlela e-OTC): Nakuba lawa angase anikeze impumuzo yesikhashana kwezinye izikhwehlela, awasebenzi kuzo zonke izikhwehlela. Amanye amasiraphu okukhwehlela awafanele izingane ezincane. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuthola imbangela yokukhwehlela bese uyelapha. Ngakho-ke hlala uthintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi.

Kunini lapho kufanele ukhathazeke khona ngokukhwehlela? Kunini lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela!

Nakuba ukukhwehlela okuningi kuncipha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele nakanjani sifune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Qaphela lezi "zimpawu ezibomvu":

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Uma wenza umsindo wokuphefumula uma uphefumula.
• Uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezinzima .
• Uma ukhwehlela igazi elinomuncu .
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (isb., ngaphezu kuka-102°F / 38.9°C) ohlala izinsuku eziningana, noma umkhuhlane ongehli.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo.
• Uma ulahlekelwa isisindo ngokuzumayo ngendlela engacabangeki.
• Uma ukukhwehlela sekukhona amasonto angaphezu kwama-3-4 futhi kuba kubi kakhulu usuku nosuku.
• Uma kungumntwana omncane, uma enqaba ukudla noma ukuphuza, uma engadlali futhi enesimo sengqondo esiguquguqukayo, uma elele kakhulu .
• Uma izindebe noma ubuso bubonakala sengathi buphenduka luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (`(Cyanosis)`).
• Kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ungumuntu osekhulile noma umuntu onezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona (isib. isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo) ekhwehlela.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi uye kudokotela.

Udokotela uthola kanjani imbangela yokukhwehlela?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala akubuze imibuzo embalwa.

• Ukukhwehlela kwaqala nini?
• Ingabe ukukhwehlela okomile noma ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm? Inombala onjani i-phlegm?
• Ingabe ukhwehlela kakhulu ebusuku noma emini?
• Zikhona yini ezinye izimpawu (umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubuhlungu besifuba)?
• Ingabe uyabhema?
• Ingabe uthatha imithi yezinye izifo?
• Ingabe ukhona omunye umuntu ekhaya okhwehlelayo?

Udokotela uzobe esekuhlola, ikakhulukazi ukulalela isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope (`(Auscultation)`).

Esikhathini esiningi, lolu lwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela yokukhwehlela kwakho. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka. Isibonelo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuthola izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia nesifo sofuba.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuphefumula (i-Spirometry): Ukuhlola izimo ezifana ne-asthma.
• Mhlawumbe ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela.

Kungemva kwalezi zivivinyo kuphela lapho udokotela ezokuchazela khona ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kokukhwehlela kwakho.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Sesikhulume kakhulu ngokukhwehlela namuhla. Okokugcina, khumbula lezi zinto:

• Ukukhwehlela akusona isifo, kodwa kuyisibonakaliso. Kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni.
• Ngokuvamile, ukukhwehlela kubangelwa yizimbangela ezilula (njengomkhuhlane) futhi kuphele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Ungalokothi ungakunaki ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ukukhwehlela okunezimpawu "zokukhanya okubomvu" okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Ngokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela.
• Ukugwema ukubhema nokugwema izinto ezicasulayo njengothuli nentuthu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela.
• Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela nokufuna ukwelashwa kunokuthenga nje isiraphu yokukhwehlela ekhemisi.

Uma ukhwehlela okukhathazayo, ungesabi ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole imbangela futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Khona-ke ungalulama ngokushesha!

Ukukhwehlela , i-Phlegm, i-Asthma, umkhuhlane, i-Bronchitis, i-Pneumonia, i-GERD