Cabanga ukuthi ulale kahle ebusuku, wadla futhi waphuza kamnandi, kodwa ngokuzumayo wavuka ekuseni uphethwe yisisu. Uzizwa sengathi ugijimela endlini yokugezela, noma uzizwa sengathi uhlanza. Uzizwa sengathi awuzizwa kahle. Mhlawumbe nawe uke waba nalokhu, akunjalo? Isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kungenxa yokudla esizokhuluma ngakho, noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Food Poisoning. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.
Ziyini izimpawu zokuthi umuntu unesifo sokudla?
Ubuthi bokudla bumane nje buyinto eyenzeka lapho sidla noma siphuza into equkethe amagciwane noma obunye ubuthi. Imizimba yethu ihlakaniphile ngakho, futhi izama ukuqeda lezi zinto ezingafuneki. Ukuhlanza kanye nohudo (ukuphuma kwendle) yizindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko umzimba okhipha ngazo lobu buthi. Nakuba lokhu kungakhululeki emzimbeni, empeleni kuwumzamo womzimba wokukwenza uphile kahle futhi.
Izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala yilezi:
- Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
- Ukuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu besisu nokuhlanza
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Umzimba ongenampilo
- Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala phakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokudla ukudla okungcolile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwegciwane elingene emzimbeni. Amanye amagciwane athatha isikhathi eside ukuba avele. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo siphele ngokushesha njengoba sifika. Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu ziyaphela zingakapheli amahora ayi-12 kuya kwangu-48 . Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengobuhlungu obukhulu ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuvamile kuyaphola cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Kungani sithola ubuthi ekudleni? Ziyini izimbangela?
Imbangela eyinhloko yokonakala kokudla amabhaktheriya . Lawa mabhaktheriya angakhula ekudleni ngenxa yamaphutha amancane enziwa ngesikhathi sokulungiselela nokugcina ukudla. Cabanga ngezinto ezinjengalezi:
- Izithako ezisetshenziswa ukwenza ukudla azizintsha .
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nemifino nezithelo ngaphandle kokuzigeza kahle .
- Indawo lapho kulungiswa khona ukudla, izitsha, kanye nezandla zomuntu olungisa ukudla akuhlanzekile .
- Ukungapheki inyama nenhlanzi kuze kube yilapho sekuphekiwe kahle ngaphakathi .
- Ukushiya ukudla okusele ngaphandle ngemva kokupheka esikhundleni sokukufaka esiqandisini ngokushesha .
Akuzona nje kuphela amagciwane, kodwa futhi namagciwane , izimuncagazi, kanye nesikhunta kungabangela ukudla ukuba konakale. Lokhu kungadluliselwa ngamanzi esiwaphuzayo, indawo lapho kutshalwa khona imifino, noma ngisho noma umuntu ogulayo ethinta ukudla.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane athinta ukonakala kokudla
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 zamagciwane angabangela ubuthi ekudleni. Phakathi kwazo, ake sifunde ngezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezaziwayo ezivame kakhulu ezweni lethu.
| Igama legciwane | Kukuphi lapho kuvame khona kakhulu? | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| I-Salmonella | Amaqanda aluhlaza, njengenkukhu engaphekiwe kahle. | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni futhi lungaba lubi kakhulu kangangokuba ludinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. |
| I-E. coli | Inyama engaphekiwe kahle (ikakhulukazi inyama yenkomo), imifino eluhlaza. | Ezinye izinhlobo ze-E. coli zikhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi emathunjini ethu. |
| I-Listeria | Ezinye izinhlobo zoshizi, amasoseji, kanye nenyama ephekiwe. | Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu komama abakhulelwe . |
| I-Norovirus | Ukudla kwasolwandle okungaphekiwe kahle njenge-oyster, imifino eluhlaza. | Lesi yimbangela enkulu yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane wesisu. Singasakazeka kalula sisuka kumuntu onesifo. |
| I-Hepatitis A | Amanzi angcolile, ukudla kwasolwandle okufana ne-shellfish. | Leli gciwane lingalimaza isibindi sethu. |
| I-Shigella | Amasaladi ane-mayonnaise (njenge-tuna, amazambane, isaladi yenkukhu). | Uma lokhu kwenzeka, uhudo lungase luhambisane negazi noma i-mucus. |
Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana?
Yebo, amagciwane amaningi abangela ubuthi ekudleni angadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye .
Uma umuntu ogulayo engagezi izandla zakhe kahle ngemva kokuhlanza noma ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese, amagciwane angahlala ezandleni zakhe, ezibambo zomnyango, nasemapayipini ompompi. Omunye umuntu othinta lezo zindawo angawathola amagciwane. Yingakho lezi zifo zisakazeka ngokushesha ezikoleni nasemaholidini. Ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla, kubaluleke kakhulu .
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba noshevu ekudleni?
Noma ubani angathola ubuthi ekudleni. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nabo, futhi uma bekuthola, kungaba kubi kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka . Kalula nje, laba ngabantu amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka kancane.
Ake sibone ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu:
- Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala: Amasosha omzimba wazo awakakhuli ngokugcwele.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Ukungavikeleki komzimba ngokwemvelo kuncipha njengoba sikhula.
- Omama abakhulelwe: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuba nezinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba, okubenza bathambekele kakhulu ezifweni.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, nesifo sezinso banezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi ethile: Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba nabo basengozini enkulu.
Ingabe kukhona izinkinga okufanele uzesabe?
Esikhathini esiningi, ukugaya ukudla kuyathuthuka phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Inkinga evame kakhulu futhi evame kakhulu ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu . Njengoba ukuhlanza nohudo kuqhubeka, amanzi amaningi nosawoti kuyalahleka emzimbeni. Lena ingozi enkulu.
Ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu (kodwa ezingavamile):
- Ukuphuphuma Kwesisu: Uma umama okhulelwe ethelelekile nge-Listeria, ingalimaza ingane esibelethweni.
- Ukulimala kwezinso: Ezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi ze-E. coli zingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
- Isifo samathambo: Amabhaktheriya afana neSalmonella angabangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kamuva.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa: Amanye amagciwane angabangela izimo ezimbi kakhulu njenge-meningitis.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?
Nakuba lesi simo singaphathwa ekhaya, kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Uma sibi kakhulu, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Isenzakalo / Izimpawu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Labo abadinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile | |
| Amaqembu anobungozi | Uma ukhulelwe, unengane engaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala , noma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala futhi unalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kunobungozi obukhulu bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. |
| Izimpawu Zesexwayiso | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Uma umkhuhlane uphakeme kuno- 102°F (38.9°C) futhi uqhubeka. |
| Ukopha | Uma igazi liphuma kanye nokuhlanza noma uhudo. |
| Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni | Ukuphuma komchamo okuphansi kakhulu, umchamo ophuzi/onsundu omnyama , umlomo nezindebe ezomile, isiyezi esikhulu. |
| Ezinye izimpawu ezinzima | Ukubona okufiphele, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. |
Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungenziwa ekhaya?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcwalisa amanzi alahlekile emzimbeni.
- Qhubeka uphuza amanzi noketshezi . Ungaphuzi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuhlanza.
- Kuhle kakhulu ukuphuza usawoti wokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (ORS) oncibilikiswe emanzini, ongawuthenga ekhemisi. Kuzobuyisela usawoti odingwa ngumzimba wakho.
- Uma uzizwa ungcono kancane, zama ukudla ukudla okulula, okungenawo amafutha njengobhanana , iphalishi lelayisi, kanye nesinkwa .
- Yeka ukudla ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunamafutha, nokudla okunezinongo izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphumula kahle .
Khumbula, ungathathi imithi yokwelapha isifo sohudo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Isifo sohudo siyindlela yomzimba yokukhipha amagciwane. Uma usiyeka, singase sibambezele ukululama kwakho.
Ugwema kanjani ukudla okunobuthi?
Ubuthi bokudla yinto esingayivimbela kalula. Kudinga nje ukucophelela okuncane lapho ulungiselela futhi udla ukudla. Khumbula lezi zinyathelo ezine ezilula.
| Indlela | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlanza (Ukuhlanza) | Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokulungisa nokudla ukudla. Geza imifino nezithelo kahle ngamanzi. Gcina izindawo zokulungiselela ukudla (amakhawunta, amabhodi okusika) nezitsha zihlanzekile. |
| Ukwehlukana | Gcina inyama eluhlaza, inhlanzi, namaqanda kude nokunye ukudla (ikakhulukazi amasaladi nokudla okuphekiwe). Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodi amabili okusika ahlukene, elinye lenyama nelinye lemifino. |
| Pheka kahle | Pheka ukudla okufana nenyama, inhlanzi, namaqanda kuze kube yilapho sekuphekiwe kahle . Kudingeka kushise ngokwanele ukubulala amagciwane. |
| Ukuphola | Beka ukudla okusele esiqandisini zingakapheli amahora amabili kusukela kuphekiwe. Ukukushiya ngaphandle kukhuthaza amagciwane ukuba akhule. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kokudla okusesiqandisini. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ubuthi bokudla ngokuvamile abuyona into embi kakhulu futhi buvame ukuphela phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ngalesi sikhathi ukuphumula nokuphuza uketshezi oluningi (amanzi, itiye) .
- Ukucabanga ngokuphepha kokudla (ukuhlanza, ukuhlukanisa, ukupheka kahle, kanye nokufaka esiqandisini) kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu.
- Uma unomkhuhlane omkhulu, ukopha, noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
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