Ingabe indlela yakho yokukhuluma isivele yafana neyomuntu wakwelinye izwe? Ake sifunde nge-Foreign Accent Syndrome!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani uma indlela okhuluma ngayo ishintsha ngokuzumayo, futhi abantu bekuzwa ukhuluma sengathi uvela kwelinye izwe? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile, kodwa esingokoqobo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Foreign Accent Syndrome . Cabanga nje, uma ukhuluma ngendlela evamile ngesiSinhala, kungazelelwe izwi lakho kanye nokuphinyiselwa kwamagama kuyashintsha, futhi othile olalele angase acabange ukuthi uvela kwelinye izwe. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungavamile kancane ukukuzwa, akunjalo? Kodwa lokhu kungenzeka ngempela.

Iyini le nto ebizwa ngokuthi i-Foreign Accent Syndrome?

Kalula nje, i-Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS) yisimo lapho indlela okhuluma ngayo ishintsha ngokuzumayo nangokubonakalayo. Njengoba igama lisho, kwabanye kuzwakala sengathi ukhuluma ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi empeleni awufundi indlela entsha yokukhuluma. Kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yoshintsho endleleni ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo.

Uma ubhekana nalesi simo, izwi lakho lizwakala njengomuntu ovela kwelinye izwe, ochwepheshe bezilimi kanye nabantu abanalo lelo gama bavame ukuqaphela ukuthi alihambisani kahle nalelo gama. Okusho ukuthi, umehluko endleleni ophimisela ngayo amagama, nendlela owenza ngayo imisindo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS)?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi simo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. I-FAS Yesakhiwo: Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona umonakalo ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula imisipha oyisebenzisayo ukukhuluma. Cabanga ngakho njengalapho ingxenye yenjini yemoto yonakele, umsindo ewenzayo uyashintsha.

2. I-FAS esebenzayo: Lolu uhlobo lwe-FAS odokotela abangakwazi ukuthola imbangela ecacile yalo. Ngezinye izikhathi lungenzeka ngokuxhuzula noma i-migraines. Lungahlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-FAS ye-psychogenic , okusho ukuthi ayibangelwanga ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo ebuchosheni.

Kungase kube nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili:

• I-Mixed FAS: Lokhu kusho ukuthi une-FAS esebenzayo, kodwa kukhona nokukhubazeka okuthile kwesakhiwo ebuchosheni, kodwa kubonakala kungahlobene ngqo ne-FAS.
• I-Developmental FAS: Lokhu kubonakala kubantu abahlukene ngokwezinzwa (okusho ukuthi, labo abakhula ubuchopho kanye nomsebenzi wabo kuhlukile kunendlela evamile). Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yokungafani kokukhula kobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi wabo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokushintsha kwethoni yezwi nokushintsha kwangempela kokugcizelela?

Uma unenkinga yokulawula izingxenye ezahlukene zomlomo wakho, njengolimi lwakho nezindebe, umsindo owenzayo ungashintsha kakhulu. Lezi zinguquko zingamcasula umlaleli, ikakhulukazi uma engajwayele ukukuzwa uzwakala ngaleyo ndlela.

Isibonelo, uma sithi "karek", siphimisa "ra". Kodwa kwezinye izindlela zokukhuluma zakwamanye amazwe, igama elithi "ka" liphetha ngomsindo ofana no-"a" esikhundleni sika-"ra". Kodwa-ke, lezi zinguquko zomsindo kumuntu one-FAS azihambisani njengasekugcizeleni kwangempela. Okusho ukuthi, noma ngabe igama elithi "ra" aliphinyiswanga lapho kuthiwa "karek", uma kushiwo igama elifana nelithi "karatte" igama elithi "ra" lingaphinyiswa, noma lingashintshwa. Ngakho-ke, indlela yabo yokukhuluma ayifani ncamashi nendlela yokukhuluma ezwakala ifana nayo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, i-FAS iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Yaqala ukuchazwa ngudokotela wezinzwa waseFrance uPierre Marie ngo-1907. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwabikwa amacala aqinisekisiwe angaba yi-100 kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayivamile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu ze-FAS zihlobene kakhulu nendlela ozwakala ngayo uma ukhuluma.

Imiphumela eyinhloko kanye nezici

I-FAS ithinta kakhulu isigqi senkulumo yakho. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungafaka:

• Isivinini sokukhuluma.
• Iphimbo kanye nethoni yezwi.
• Ukuhlanganiswa.
• Ukugcizelela ama-syllable – okungukuthi, ukuphimisela amanye ama-syllable phezulu kanti amanye ngobumnene.
• Ubude bemisindo.
• Umthamo wezwi.
• Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi – Isibonelo, uma izwi liphakama ekugcineni komusho, kuzwakala njengombuzo.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezingabonakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-FAS yilezi:

• Ukukhuluma kancane noma ngesivinini esihlukile.
• Ukubeka ikhefu eliningi kakhulu noma elide phakathi kwamagama noma imisho.
• Ukubiza imisindo ethile ngaphezu kokudingekile.
• Ukulahla imisindo noma ukufaka eminye imisindo esikhundleni sika-"th" egameni elithi "thumb" ngomsindo ka-"f", okwenza kuzwakale sengathi "fumb", noma ukulahla u-"h" egameni elithi "house" ukuze kuzwakale sengathi "ouse").
• Ubunzima bokubiza imisindo ethile ngokucacile, njengokungathi umlomo ubambekile (lokhu kufana nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dysarthria ).
• Ukushintsha imisindo noma ukwenza imisindo ngendlela engafanele (lokhu kufana nalokho okwenzekayo ezinganeni ezincane lapho zingakhulumi kahle) .

Ezinye izici ezibonwe ku-Structural FAS

I-FAS yesakhiwo yisimo lapho izingxenye zobuchopho ezisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma noma izindawo ezihlobene zingasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubunzima bokukhetha amagama (lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni ehlukile yobuchopho kunengxenye elawula imisipha yokukhuluma).
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka kohlangothi olulodwa lomzimba (i-hemiplegia ).
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki.

Izimpawu ezibonwa nge-Functional FAS

Ngenxa yokuthi i-FAS esebenzayo ayihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kobuchopho, ingahambisana nezimpawu zezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo:

• Izimo zengqondo , isibonelo, imibono engekho noma ukuphupha.
• Ukungazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyisho noma uyenze.
• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo nasemandleni, njengokuhlanya noma ukucindezeleka .

Yini ebangela lokhu?

Izimbangela ze-FAS zincike ohlotsheni oluthile.

Izimbangela ze-FAS Yesakhiwo

Lolu hlobo lwe-FAS luvame ukubangelwa ukulimala engxenyeni engaphambili yobuchopho bakho ('i-frontal lobe') - ngokuvamile ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalo monakalo zingaba:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda ( Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu - Ama-TBI ).
• Ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ebuchosheni (i-brain aneurysm ).
• Umdlavuza wobuchopho .
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) yisifo sezinzwa.
• I-Frontotemporal dementia (ikakhulukazi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-progressive primary aphasia) .

Izimbangela ze-Functional FAS

Ochwepheshe abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani kwenzeka i-FAS esebenzayo. Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka ngoba umsebenzi wobuchopho awuhlelekile kahle noma ngoba ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho zisebenza ngokweqile. Isibonelo, i-FAS iyenzeka noma iba yimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqaqamba kwekhanda. Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda kuhlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.

Odokotela bangase futhi bahlobanise i-FAS nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-functional neurological symptoms disorder (esibizwa nangokuthi i-conversion disorder ). Yilapho uzwa khona izimpawu zangempela zomzimba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ebuchosheni, kodwa akukho sizathu esibonakalayo sazo.

I-FAS esebenzayo ingase ihlotshaniswe nezimo ezithile zempilo yengqondo. Isibonelo, i-schizophrenia , i-bipolar disorder , noma izifo ezihlukanisayo . Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi kuhlobene kanjani phakathi kwe-FAS nalezi zimo. I-FAS iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwenza ucwaningo.

Izimbangela ze-Mixed FAS

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani kwenzeka i-mixed FAS. Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni yi-FAS. Uma benesifo sengqondo, ukulimala, noma into efana ne-migraine noma isifo sokuwa, lokho kungaba okwanele ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi kubangele i-FAS. Futhi, umuntu angase abe nezimpawu zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale noma yiziphi izinguquko zesakhiwo.

Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi i-FAS yesakhiwo ingalandelwa yi-FAS esebenzayo. Ukuphila ne-FAS kungaba yinselele, futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu zokusebenza njengoba bezama ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sabo.

Izimbangela ze-FAS Yentuthuko

Abantu abanezinkinga ze-neurodivergence bangase babe ne-FAS noma izimpawu ezifanayo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokungafani kokukhula kobuchopho noma ukusebenza. Amacala anjalo okukhula awavamile kakhulu. Kungase futhi kube yi-FAS esebenzayo, ehlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne -autism spectrum disorder kanye ne-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .

Ingabe zikhona izici ezithile eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-Functional Accent Syndrome?

Ngenxa yokuthi akuvamile, azikho izici ezithile eziyingozi ezitholakale okwamanje ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-FAS.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simo?

I-FAS ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengqondo yomuntu. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuba nezimo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka . Lokhu kungabangelwa yi:

• Umndeni, abangani, kanye nabathandekayo bayangabaza ukuthi lesi simo kanye nezimpawu zingokoqobo.
• Lesi simo asivamile kangangokuthi kungaba nzima ukusithola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela bangase basishaye indiva noma basiphathe kabi ngesinye isifo.
• Ukwesaba ukusabela okubi kwabanye, isibonelo, ukugconwa noma ukuxhashazwa.
• Ukukhathazeka ngokuthi abanye ngeke bakuqonde uma ukhuluma.
• Ubunzima bokugcina noma ukuthola umsebenzi ngenxa yendlela okhuluma ngayo.
• Ukuwohloka kwezimpawu zezimo zempilo yengqondo ebezikhona kakade.

Cabanga nje, uma indlela okhuluma ngayo njalo ingashintsha ngokuzumayo, ubungazizwa kanjani? Ingabe abanye bebengakuqonda? Izinto ezinjengalezi zingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

I-Foreign Accent Syndrome ihlolwa kanjani?

I-FAS ivame ukuhlonzwa ngudokotela wezinzwa , isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP) , noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza lokhu.

Ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga yilezi:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Ukufanekisa kwe-Magnetic Resonance - Ukuskena kwe-MRI)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET)
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram - i-EEG) (ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho)
• Ukuskena kwe-SPECT (i-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography - ukuskena kwe-SPECT)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ( izivivinyo ezibheka izinto ezifana nokucabanga, inkumbulo, njll.)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological ( izivivinyo ezibheka ubudlelwano phakathi kokusebenza kobuchopho nokuziphatha)

Kulula ukuxilonga i-FAS yesakhiwo, njengoba izimbangela eziningi zingatholakala ngokuskena kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

I-FAS yesakhiwo ivame ukwelashwa ngokwelapha imbangela eyinhloko. Ukwelashwa kungahluka kakhulu. Okusebenza kwesinye isimo kungase kungasebenzi kwesinye. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele wena nokuthi yini abayincomayo.

I-FAS esebenzayo nexubile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezimo zempilo yengqondo, ingathuthuka ngokwelashwa kwesimo esiyisisekelo noma esihlobene naso. Izimo ezifana ne-schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder zingelashwa ngemithi, ukwelashwa ngempilo yengqondo, noma kokubili.

Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kungaba wusizo cishe kuwo wonke umuntu one-FAS. Kungabasiza baqonde izinguquko ezithile zomsindo ezwini labo futhi basebenzele ukuzithuthukisa noma ukuzilungisa. Kungabasiza futhi bathuthukise amasu abenza kube lula ngabo ukukhuluma nabanye futhi bazizwe bekhululekile kakhudlwana.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-Foreign Accent Syndrome?

I-FAS akuyona inkinga esongela ukuphila (nakuba ingenzeka kwezinye izimo ezingasongela ukuphila). Kodwa-ke, i-FAS ingaphazamisa impilo yakho futhi ikwenze uzizwe udangele. Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu uma unenkinga yokuthola ukuxilongwa.

Indlela i-FAS ethuthuka ngayo incike ezintweni ezifana nezimpawu ezithile onazo. Ngenxa yokuthi iyashintshashintsha kakhulu, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

I-Foreign Accent Syndrome ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude besikhathi lokhu okuhlala ngaso bungahluka kakhulu. Izimbangela zesakhiwo zingaba zesikhashana noma ezihlala njalo, kuye ngokuthi ushintsho lobuchopho luhlala njalo noma ukuthi ubuchopho bungalulama yini kulokho okubangele lokho.

Kwezinye izimo, le miphumela ingaguqulwa noma ungalulama ngokushesha, njengezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwezinye izikhathi, kungathatha isikhathi eside, njengamasonto noma izinyanga. Ezinye izimbangela ze-FAS zihlala njalo. Izibonelo zezimbangela ezingaba phakade zifaka phakathi i-frontotemporal dementia kanye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS) .

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Umbono we-FAS ungahluka kuye ngezici eziningana. Lesi simo asiyona ingozi ngokwaso. Kodwa-ke, luncane kakhulu ucwaningo olutholakalayo lokusiza ochwepheshe ukuthi bathole umbono ojwayelekile walesi simo. Udokotela wakho angakutshela kangcono ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-Foreign Accent Syndrome ingavinjelwa?

I-FAS iyisimo esingalindelekile, esingavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, azikho izindlela ezicacile zokusivimbela noma zokunciphisa ingozi.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema ezinye zezinto ezibangela i-FAS yesakhiwo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Gqoka imishini yokuphepha. Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (ii-TBI) kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-FAS. Ukugqoka imishini yokuphepha, njengezigqoko zokuzivikela kanye namabhande esihlalo, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okungaholela ku-FAS.
• Lawula izimo zakho zempilo. Izimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi zivame ukulawulwa. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-migraines, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 , kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) .
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Ngokuqaphela lokho okudlayo nokuthi usebenza kangakanani, unganciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi noma unciphise ubukhali baso. Lokhu akukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele izimo ezingabangela i-FAS, kodwa ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zingasiza.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-Foreign Accent Syndrome?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-FAS, udokotela wakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile salokho ongakwenza. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuya ekwelashweni kwenkulumo , uma kunconywa. Kuye ngesimo sakho esithile, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungakusiza ukuthi ululame noma uzivumelanise ne-FAS.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma utholakale une-FAS, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho njengoba kunconywa. Futhi, bonana nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma kwenzeka ushintsho ngokuzumayo endleleni okhuluma ngayo, kufanele uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze nawe, ngoba kungaba uphawu lwento engathi sína, njengesifo sohlangothi.

Ingabe i-Foreign Accent Syndrome iyinto yangempela?

Yebo, i-foreign accent syndrome iyisimo sangempela sezokwelapha.Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kuyenzeka ngempela.

Ngenzenjani uma udokotela engakholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zami zingokoqobo?

Kubalulekile ukuqonda: I-FAS ayivamile kakhulu. Odokotela abaningi bangase bangalokothi babone isiguli esisodwa esine-FAS emsebenzini wabo wonke. Ngisho nodokotela abaqeqeshwe nabanolwazi bangacabanga ngephutha ukuthi i-FAS iyinto ehlukile. Uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukuthola ubufakazi bezimpawu zakho, noma uma ebonakala esola, kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukuthola isizathu sokushintsha kwenkulumo yakho, kungumqondo omuhle ukuthola umbono wesibili kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha inkulumo noma udokotela wezinzwa.

I-Foreign accent syndrome iyisimo esingavamile nesingavamile. Kodwa singokoqobo. Futhi kuyinto ochwepheshe abasazama ukuyiqonda kangcono. Ezinye izimbangela ze-FAS zingatholakala ngokuskena noma ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Ezinye zingase zingatholakali ngobuchwepheshe nezindlela zamanje.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyakwazi ukuyixilonga noma cha, i-FAS yisimo esingaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi singesesikhashana, kodwa futhi singaba unomphela. Uma unalesi simo, khuluma nodokotela. Ukukhuluma nodokotela ngalesi simo kungase kuzwakale kuyisiwula noma kusabisa. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, kuyinkinga yezokwelapha efanelekile. Ngokwelashwa, ungavame ukuguqula noma ukunciphisa imiphumela yaso, ukuze ukhulume nalabo abakuzungezile ngokuzethemba.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usunombono omuhle nge -Foreign Accent Syndrome esikhulume ngayo namuhla.

• Lesi yisimo sezokwelapha esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa esingokoqobo. Akuyona nje inganekwane.
• Okwenzekayo ukuthi indlela oveza ngayo imisindo oyikhulumayo iyashintsha, hhayi nje ukushintsha indlela yokukhuluma.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho (okwakhiwe) noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo (okusebenzayo). Ngezinye izikhathi kungahlotshaniswa nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
• Uma inkulumo yakho ishintsha ngokuzumayo, ungayinaki. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathí sina.
• Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile. Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuvame ukusiza.
• Ungadikibali ngalesi simo. Awuwedwa. Cela usizo, thola ukwesekwa.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Sikufisela impilo enhle wena nabathandekayo bakho!

I- Foreign Accent Syndrome, Ukushintsha Kwezwi, Ubunzima Bokukhuluma, Ukuphazamiseka Kobuchopho, Ukuphazamiseka Kwezinzwa, Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo, Impilo Yengqondo