Ingabe umlutha wokugembula? Noma ukhona umuntu omaziyo? (Ukuphazamiseka Kokugembula) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugembula, okuqala ngokuzijabulisa okuncane, nabangani kanye nokubheja okuncane, kungaba yinkinga enkulu kancane kancane elawula impilo yakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Uke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo? Noma uke wabona umuntu omaziyo, umngane, noma ilungu lomndeni ehlushwa yile nkinga yokulutha ukugembula? Lesi yisihloko abantu abaningi abangathandi ukukhuluma ngaso, kodwa sidinga ukukhulunywa ngaso. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Gambling Disorder , noma ngokunembile, ukulutha okungavamile kokugembula.

Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kokugembula?

Kalula nje, ukuphazamiseka kokugembula kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo. Sibonakala ngokuziphatha kokugembula okungalawuleki, okuphindaphindayo, nokungaphilile. Kungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu . Kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ebuhlotsheni bomndeni wakho, emsebenzini, emsebenzini wesikole, noma esimweni sezezimali.

Uma sithi "ukugembula", kusho noma yimuphi umsebenzi lapho umuntu ebeka khona into eyigugu (njengemali noma impahla) engozini ngethemba lokuwina okunye. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokugembula. Ezivame kakhulu imidlalo yasekhasino nokubheja kwezemidlalo . Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ogembulayo ohlakulela lo mlutha.

I-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ihlukanisa umlutha wokugembula njengomlutha wokuziphatha . Eqinisweni, yiwona kuphela umlutha wokuziphatha oqashelwa njengamanje ku-DSM-5. Ngandlela thile, umlutha wokugembula ufana nenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa . Zombili zithinta i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Zingabangela nezimpawu zokuhoxa kanye nokubekezelelana uma uyeka ukusebenzisa umuthi.

Abanye abantu babiza lesi simo ngokuthi "Ukugembula Okuphoqelekile" noma "Ukugembula Okuyinkinga" .

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Ukulutheka kokugembula kungathinta kokubili intsha kanye nabantu abadala . Nakuba ukugembula kungekho emthethweni kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 emazweni afana ne-United States, kuvamile kakhulu kulabo abakulelo qembu leminyaka. Ukuqala ukugembula usemncane kuye kwabonakala njengesici esiyingozi sokuthola ukulutheka kokugembula kamuva ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela le nkinga kubantwana bakho.

Kuvame kangakanani ukuba umlutha wokugembula?

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-2% no-4% wabantu baseMelika bathintwa yilokhu kulutha kokugembula. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo zingase zingabi neqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu ohlushwa yilesi simo ofuna iseluleko sezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa. Ngisho nasezweni lakithi, kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlushwa yile nkinga, njengoba kungakhulunywa ngayo obala.

Ziyini izimpawu zokulutha ukugembula?

Uphawu olusobala kakhulu nolusobala lomlutha wokugembula ukuthi luphazamisa izici ezibalulekile zempilo yakho, njengobudlelwano bomndeni wakho, umsebenzi, kanye nokuzinza kwezezimali. Cabanga nje, unomngane ohlala enezinkinga zemali, elwa nomndeni wakhe, futhi engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe kahle. Uma konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlala egembula, lokho kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu sesixwayiso.

Nazi ezinye izici ezikhethekile ezingabonakala:

• Ukucabanga njalo ngokugembula: Ukugembula kuhlala kusengqondweni yakho, kuze kube yilapho ungakwazi ukucabanga nganoma yini enye. Izinto ezifana nokuthi uzokwenza kanjani imali ngesikhathi esizayo, ukuthi uzoya kuphi uyogembula.
• Isidingo sokuchitha imali eningi noma izinto eziyigugu ukuze uthole injabulo efanayo kanye nokukhuthaza okufanayo (Ukubekezelelana): Injabulo eyayivela ekuqaleni ekudlaleni ngemali encane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iyancipha. Ngakho-ke, isifiso sokudlala ngemali eningi ukuze uthole injabulo efanayo.
• Ukwehluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukulawula noma ukuyeka ukugembula: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga kangakanani, "Ngeke ngisagembula," awukwazi ukukwenza.
• Ukuzizwa ungakhululekile noma ucasukile lapho uzama ukuyeka ukugembula (Ukuhoxa): Njengomuntu omlutha wezidakamizwa, lapho uzama ukuyeka ukugembula, uzizwa ukhathazekile, ucasukile, futhi unesithukuthezi.
• Ukugembula lapho uzizwa ucindezelekile (njengendlela "yokubalekela" imizwa engemihle): Uma uzizwa udangele noma ukhathazekile, ucabanga ukuthi ukugembula kuyindlela kuphela yokukuqeda.
• Ukujaha Ukulahlekelwa: Ukugembula ukuze uthole ukulahlekelwa kokugembula kwakamuva , okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni okwengeziwe.
• Ukuqamba amanga kwabathandekayo ngokuziphatha kwabo kokugembula noma ukufihla ulwazi: Ukuqamba amanga emndenini nakubangane noma ekufihleni ngokugembula kwabo nokuthi balahlekelwe yimali engakanani.
• Ukuthembela kwabanye ukuthi baxhase ukugembula kwabo noma ukumboza ukulahlekelwa ukugembula: Ukuboleka imali kwabanye, ukubambisa impahla, nokwenza izinto ezinjalo.
• Ukuqhubeka nokugembula yize wazi ukuthi kuthinta kabi isimo sakho sezezimali, umsebenzi, imfundo, noma ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu: Awukwazi ukuyeka ukugembula, yize umuntu azi ukuthi konke kuzophela.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enesinye salezi zimpawu noma ngaphezulu, sekuyisikhathi sokukhathazeka.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokulutheka kokugembula?

Akukho sizathu esisodwa sokuba umlutha wokugembula, noma olunye umlutha. Kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela umlutha wokugembula:

• Izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni.
• Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo.
• Izici zobuntu kanye nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihambisanayo.

I-chemistry yobuchopho

Ukugembula kuthinta isikhungo semivuzo yobuchopho bakho. Sonke sinomqondo wokufuna imivuzo. Ngokuvamile, le mivuzo ivela ekuziphatheni okunempilo. Uma uchitha isikhathi nomuntu omthandayo, noma uma udla ukudla okumnandi, umzimba wakho ukhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine . Lokhu kukwenza uzizwe kahle. Kufana nomjikelezo: Ufuna lezo zikhathi ngoba uthola imizwa emihle.

Ngisho noma ugembula, ungathola okuningi kwalokhu 'i-Dopamine' kugeleza engqondweni yakho. Cabanga ngenjabulo oyizwayo lapho uthola imali eningi! Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokukushukumisela ukuba wenze izinto ozidingayo ukuze uphile (njengokudla, ukusebenza), la mazinga aphezulu 'e-Dopamine' angaba nomthelela omubi emicabangweni yakho, emizweni yakho, nasekuziphatheni kwakho.

Lokhu kungaholela esifisweni esingenampilo sokugembula, kunokujabulela imisebenzi enempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugembula kushintsha i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho, futhi awube usazwela kakhulu emiphumeleni yako . Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukugembula kakhulu ukuze uthole injabulo efanayo owawuyithola. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelelana .

Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo

Ukulutheka kokugembula kuvame ukwenzeka emindenini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo . Izifundo zamawele afanayo zibonise ukuthi izici zofuzo, kunokuba kube yizici zemvelo (njengokuhlangenwe nakho okubi ebuntwaneni), zingase zibe nomthelela omkhulu engcupheni yokuba nokulutheka kokugembula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho eye waba nale nkinga, nawe ungase ube sengozini.

Izici zobuntu kanye nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo

Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi izici zobuntu ezilandelayo noma ukuziphatha kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanomlutha wokugembula:

• Ukungacabangi: Ukuthambekela kokwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga.
• Ukufuna imizwa: Isifiso sokwenza izinto ezintsha nezijabulisayo.
• Ukuphoqeleka: Umuzwa ongalawuleki wokufanele wenze okuthile.
• Ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo nokuhlela.
• Ukungazinzi kokuthinta: Ukuzizwa ujabule ngesinye isikhathi bese uzizwa udabukile ngesinye isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanomlutha wokugembula banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• Isifo Sokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD), ikakhulukaziIzinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala (`Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenzisa Utshwala`).
• Ukuphazamiseka Kokulawula Umfutho.
• Izinkinga zemizwa, isibonelo , ukucindezeleka.
• Izinkinga Zokukhathazeka.
• Ukuphazamiseka Kobuntu.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimo ngaphambi kokuba babe umlutha wokugembula. Kwabanye, lezi zimo zingase zivele ngemva kokuba beluthekile ekugembuleni.

Ungakubona kanjani ukulutheka kokugembula?

Ukuze anqume ukuthi unenkinga yokugembula, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela wengqondo noma umeluleki wokulutha . Lapho, udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo (mhlawumbe namalungu omndeni wakho) mayelana nemikhuba yakho yokugembula.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezivela ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukuze bathole umlutha wokugembula. Ukuze uthole lokhu kuxilongwa, kumele ukuthi uke waba nezimpawu okungenani ezine zomlutha wokugembula ngonyaka odlule .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umlutha wokugembula?

I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikakavumeli noma yimiphi imithi ethile yokwelapha umlutha wokugembula. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezokwelapha kwengqondo zingaba usizo.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuyinhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene ezisiza umuntu ukuthi abone futhi ashintshe imizwa yakhe engaphilile, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha. Lokhu kwenzeka kumeluleki wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiwe nonelayisensi (njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isisebenzi sezenhlalo sezokwelapha).

Ukwelashwa kungakusiza ngalokhu:

• Lawula ukugembula kwakho.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngendlela enempilo.
• Thola ezinye izindlela zokuchitha isikhathi sakho.
• Phatha kahle izimali zakho.
• Yakha kabusha ubudlelwano nabantu obathandayo.
• Ngemva kokululama, gcina leso simo futhi ugweme izinto ezibangela lokhu.
• Uma unezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezithinta ukuziphatha kwakho kokugembula, bhekana nazo.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ngomlutha wokugembula:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eqondiwe futhi ehlelekile. Umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uyakusiza ukuthi uhlole imicabango nemizwa yakho. Uzofunda ukuthi imicabango yakho ithinta kanjani izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungashintsha imicabango nokuziphatha okungenampilo nokungalawulwa futhi uthuthukise amaphethini nemikhuba yokucabanga enempilo. I-CBT iyindlela yokungenelela kwengqondo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni umlutha wokugembula.
• Ukuxoxisana Okushukumisayo: Lokhu kwelashwa kukusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ubhekane nokungaqiniseki kwakho ngokwenza izinguquko ezinempilo. Ngale ndlela, uhlaziya ukuziphatha kwakho okuyinkinga kokugembula bese ukuqhathanisa namaphethini okugembula abantu abaningi. Lokhu kukushukumisela ukuthi wenze izinguquko zokuziphatha. Odokotela bavame ukukusebenzisa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukwelashwa Ngengqondo: Lokhu kwelashwa kubheka ukuthi izinqubo ezingazi lutho zithonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwakho. Umgomo uwukukhulisa ukuzazi kwakho nokuqonda kwakho ukuthi ukuziphatha kwangaphambilini kuthonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwakho kwamanje.
• Ukwelashwa Kwamaqembu: Lolu uhlobo lokwelashwa kwengqondo. Lapha, iqembu labantu lihlangana ndawonye ukuze lixoxe ngezinkinga zalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Ukwelashwa kwamaqembu kungaba umthombo obalulekile wesikhuthazo nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo kulabo abanezinkinga zokugembula, ikakhulukazi labo abahlukanisiwe nabangane nomndeni ngenxa yesimo sabo.
• Ukwelashwa Komndeni: Le ndlela yokwelapha ingasiza ekufundiseni abathandekayo bakho ngalesi simo futhi idale indawo yasekhaya ezinzile.

Ukugembula kuthinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugembula. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenza kangcono kwabanye abantu kunabanye. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola indlela efanele noma umelaphi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uzama.

Ngingakuvimbela yini umlutha wokugembula?

Yebo, kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba umlutha wokugembula:

• Gwema noma unciphise ukuziphatha kokugembula: Gwema noma zama ukunciphisa ukugembula kwakho. Lokhu kusho ukuqaphela ukuthi ugembula kangaki, ukuthi ugembula isikhathi esingakanani ngesikhathi, nokuthi uchitha malini ekugembuleni. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi ukugembula sekuqala ukulawula impilo yakho, bona udokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo ngokushesha.
• Yazi umlando womndeni wakho: Uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma umlutha wokuziphatha, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola inkinga yokugembula. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngendlela enempilo: Ingozi yokuba umlutha iyanda ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka kanye nezinguquko empilweni. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kubalulekile ukuphendukela ezindleleni ezinempilo zokubhekana nezinkinga, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla, noma ukuthatha umdlalo omusha wokuzilibazisa. Uma unenkinga yokulawula ukucindezeleka noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, bheka umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Iyini inkomba yokuthi umuntu angaba umlutha wokugembula?

Umbono wokulutheka kokugembula, okungukuthi, ikhono lokululama, uncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ubunzima besimo.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwelashwa noma cha.
• Ukuthi unezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Ngeshwa, abantu abangaphansi kuka-10% abanomlutha wokugembula bafuna ukwelashwa kochwepheshe . Abantu abaningi bazama ukuzixazululela bona. Khumbula, ukwelashwa nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo kungakusiza ukuphatha lesi simo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaningi, abantu abanomlutha wokugembula basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala . Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabantu abafuna ukwelashwa lubike ukuthi u-32% wabo wayenemicabango yokuzibulala, kanti u-17% wake wazama ukuzibulala okungenani kanye.

Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala, sicela ukhulume nomuntu omethembayo ngokushesha, noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ungashayela nezinombolo zosizo lwezempilo yengqondo zaseSri Lanka (isib. iSumitrayo 0112696666, iNational Institute of Mental Health 1926).

Uma nginenkinga yokugembula, ngingazisiza kanjani ?

Ngaphezu kokufuna usizo lochwepheshe, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ulawule umlutha wakho wokugembula:

• Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela elifana ne -Gamblers Anonymous (GA) . Thola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaqembu afanayo noma izinsizakalo zokusekela eSri Lanka.
• Uma unesifiso sokugembula, ziphazamise ngokuzibandakanya kweminye imisebenzi. Njengokufunda incwadi, ukulalela umculo, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukukhuluma nomngane.
• Uma uzizwa unesifiso sokugembula, bekezela. Uma uzinika isikhathi, isifiso singase siphele noma sibe buthaka.
• Ungabi wedwa. Cela usizo kubantu obathandayo obaziyo. Khuluma nabo ngezinkinga zakho.

Ngingamsiza kanjani umuntu othanda ukugembula?

Ukuthola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo unenkinga yokugembula kungaba yinselele kakhulu futhi kuyacindezela. Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokusiza othandekayo wakho kanye nawe:

• Khuluma: Uma umuntu onenkinga yokugembula eshesha ukuthola ukwelashwa, kungcono. Veza ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi umsize athole ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Shayela ucingo losizo, bona udokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo , noma uphakamise ukuya endaweni efana ne-Gamblers Anonymous. Nikeza usizo lwakho nokusekela ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
• Prakthiza Uzwela:Ngisho noma ungavumelani nomuntu omthandayo, lalela ngokucophelela lokho akushoyo. Uma umlalela kakhulu, kulapho ezokubona khona njengomuntu angamethemba.
• Yiba nesineke: Ungalindeli ukuthi umlutha womuntu omthandayo uzophulukiswa ngengxoxo noma isenzo esisodwa. Umlutha wokugembula uyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, engapheli. Azikho izindlela ezisheshayo zokuyinqoba.
• Zinakekele nawe: Abangane namalungu omndeni wabantu abanomlutha wokugembula bavame ukuba nokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, usizi, kanye nesizungu. Kubalulekile ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo nokufuna usizo uma ubhekene nalezi zimpawu.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ungase ube namahloni okuvuma ukuthi unenkinga yokugembula, noma ungase ucabange ukuthi ungayilungisa wedwa. Kodwa khumbula, akukho okubi ngokuvuma ukuthi unenkinga yokugembula. Uma uthola usizo ngokushesha, kulapho uzophila kangcono khona. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuziphatha kwakho kokugembula, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Bakhona ukuzokusiza nokukusekela.

Akudingeki ukuthi uhambe wedwa kulolu hambo. Cela usizo, kuyakunika amandla.

Umlutha wokugembula, ukugembula, impilo yengqondo, umlutha, umlutha wokuziphatha, i-dopamine, i-psychotherapy