Ingabe uyopha emathunjini akho? Ake sixoxe (ngokopha emathunjini)!

Wake waphawula igazi esitulweni sakho noma ekuhlanzeni? Kungaba uphawu lwesisu esibuhlungu. Akuyona into okufanele uyithathe kalula. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuphuma kwegazi esiswini , noma ukuphuma kwegazi nge-GI kafushane. Kungenzeka kunoma ubani, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.

Kuyini lokhu kuphuma kwegazi emathunjini? (Ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini)

Kalula nje, `(Ukopha Kwamathumbu)` kuwukuvuza kwegazi okuvela noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla (okungukuthi, indlela esigaya ngayo ukudla esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo). Cabanga ngakho, lolu hlelo luqala emlonyeni wethu, bese ludlula emphinjeni, emhubheni, esiswini, emathunjini amancane, emathunjini amakhulu, bese luphela endunu. Ngakho-ke, noma kuphi kule ndlela ende, ukuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala, ukutheleleka, noma enye inkinga.

Odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kopha kube izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi kuya kuphi:

Izindawo Ezingaba Khona Zokopha Okuphezulu Kwe-GI

Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni engenhla yesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Okungukuthi:

• I-Esophagus (ipayipi eliholela esiswini lapho sigwinya ukudla)
• Isisu (isikhwama sokugaya ukudla esiswini)
• I-Duodenum (ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane)

Izindawo ezingaba khona zokopha emathunjini amancane

Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kwamathumbu amancane. Okusho ukuthi:

• IJejunum (`IJejunum` - ingxenye ephakathi yamathumbu amancane)
• I-Ileum (ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amancane)

Izindawo Ezingenzeka Zokopha Okuphansi Kwe-GI

Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Okungukuthi:

• Ikholoni (amathumbu amakhulu)
• Ingxenye engezansi ye-rectum (`Rectum`)
• I-Anus (`I-Anus`)

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokopha?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi leli gazi ligeleza kanjani.

• Ukopha Okukhulu: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuba nokopha okungazelelwe, okukhulu kakhulu . Lesi yisimo esidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Akuyona into enhle ukukuhlehlisa ngisho noma kancane.
• Ukopha okungapheli: Kulesi simo, ukopha kuhamba kancane kancane, kodwa kungase kwenzeke isikhathi eside , futhi kungase kume bese kubuya.
• Ukopha igazi okungaqondakali: Lokhu kunzima kancane. Ngoba asikwazi ukubona ukopha. Ngoba kuyinani elincane kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, yilapho senza izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela lapho sithola khona ukuthi kube nokwehla kwegazi.
• Ukopha okusobala: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukopha kubonakala ngokucacile. Kungabonakala ngendle (engaba mnyama noma ibomvu), noma ngokuhlanza .
• Ukopha okungabonakali:Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho noma odokotela benza izivivinyo ezifana ne-"Endoscopy," abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi igazi livelaphi ngqo. Yingakho libizwa kanje.

Kungani kukhona ukopha okuvela kule ngxenye engenhla? (Izimbangela Zokopha Eziphezulu Ze-GI)

Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zokopha okuvela emgodini wokugaya ukudla ongaphezulu. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Izilonda zesisu: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Lezi zilonda zingavela ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokungathathi imithi yezilonda zesisu, ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi ethile yobuhlungu, kanye nokutheleleka ngebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Helicobacter pylori.
• I-Esophageal varices: Lesi simo singaba khona kubantu abanesifo sesibindi. Imithambo yegazi emhubheni iyavuvukala, iqhume, bese iqala ukuphuma igazi.
• I-Gastritis: Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwesisu. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningi.
• I-Esophagitis: Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwe-esophagus.
• I-GERD (I-Chronic Acid Reflux): I-asidi yesisu ekhuphukayo (njengalapho i-gastritis iba nzima). Lokhu kungalimaza nomphimbo.
• Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza womqala kanye nesisu nawo ungabangela ukopha. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, akukhona konke ukopha okubangelwa umdlavuza.
• Isimila sesisu (GIST): Lolu uhlobo oluthile lwesimila oluvela ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
• Izifo zezinye izitho zomzimba, njengomdlavuza wesibindi kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic, nazo zingaba nemiphumela engaqondile.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokopha kwe-GI ephansi? (Izimbangela Zokopha Kwe-GI Ephansi)

Kunezizathu eziningana zokopha okuvela emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ongezansi.

• Ama-Hemorrhoids: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abajwayelene nayo. Imithambo yegazi ezungeze indunu iyavuvukala futhi ingase yophe ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwamathumbu.
• Ukuqhekeka kwendunu: Ukuqhekeka okuncane esikhumbeni sendunu kungenzeka ngenxa yezici ezifana nokuqunjelwa kanye nokopha.
• Ama-polyp ekholoni: Lawa amahlumela amancane akheka ngaphakathi emathunjini amakhulu. Amanye awo angaphenduka umdlavuza.
• Umdlavuza we-Colorectal: Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela enkulu.
• I-Diverticulitis kanye ne-diverticulosis: Kwakha izikhwama ezincane odongeni lwamathumbu amakhulu, ezingaphuma igazi uma zingenwa yileli gciwane.
• Isifo sikaCrohn kanye nesifo sofuba esiswini : Lezi yizimo zokuvuvukala okungapheli kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla (Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu - IBD).
• Izilonda zangemuva.
• Isimila sesisu (GIST).
• Umdlavuza wendunu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu, dokotela?

Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka kuphi kanye nenani lokopha. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Igazi elisesihlahleni: Ngezinye izikhathi indle ingaba mnyama noma ihlale isikhathi eside (lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela emathunjini angaphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi igazi liyagaywa). Noma kungaba bomvu (lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela emathunjini angaphansi).
• Ukubukeka okukhanyayo: Uma umzimba ulahlekelwa yigazi, isikhumba siba mhlophe.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Uma ukhuphuka izitebhisi noma uma ukhathele kancane, ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ukuba ungenza noma yini, uzizwa ungenampilo.
• Ukuhlanza igazi: Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uhlanze igazi elisha . Noma ungase uhlanze ukuhlanza okumnyama , okufana nokwekhofi (lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi esiswini lixubana ne-asidi bese liphenduka libe mnyama).

Ingabe izimpawu zihlukile ekuphumeni kwegazi okukhulu?

Yebo, uma ulahlekelwa igazi eliningi ngesikhathi esisodwa (`ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu`), izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zivele ngokushesha. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha :

• Ukuzungeza, umuzwa wokujikeleza, noma ukuquleka (i-syncope).
• Ubunzima bokuchama noma ukuphuma komchamo okuphansi.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo: Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi isifuba sishaya ngamandla.
• Ukushaqeka: Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho izitho zomzimba zingatholi igazi elanele. Isikhumba singabanda, sijuluke, ukuphefumula kungashesha, futhi ingqondo ingaphazamiseka.

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela . Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Bazobe sebeyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuthola ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela kuphi nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezizokwenziwa?

Okokuqala, ungase ufune ukwenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola inani legazi lakho nokuthi une-anemia yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elingabonakali lendle (FOBT): Lokhu kungabona ukuthi kukhona igazi esitulweni elingabonakali.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okukhethekile okuthatha izithombe zamathumbu ezinobukhulu obuthathu (3D) ukuze kuhlolwe ukopha noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwamathumbu (`GI X-rays`): Kulokhu, kunikezwa uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi `(Barium)` ukuze luphuzwe noma lufakwe nge-rectum, bese kuthathwa `X-ray`. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ingaphakathi lamathumbu libonakale kahle.
• I-endoscopy Ephezulu: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope) ngomlomo wakho ukuze ahlole umphimbo wakho, isisu, kanye ne-duodenum. Ithubhu inekhamera encane kanye nokukhanya ekugcineni, okuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngaphakathi kangcono.
• I-enteroscopy yebhaluni: Lokhu kufana ne-endoscopy, kodwa ingahlola izindawo ezinzima ukubonakala zamathumbu amancane. Kwenziwa ngokufutha ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwepayipi.
• I-Colonoscopy noma i-Sigmoidoscopy: Kule nqubo, kufakwa i-endoscope nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe amathumbu amakhulu kanye ne-rectum engezansi.

Ingabe kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe?

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukuhlolwa okungenhla kungakwazi ukukhomba umthombo oqondile wokopha, noma uma kukhona ukopha okungazelelwe, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe:

• I-Angiography: Kulokhu, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi bese kwenziwa i-X-ray noma i-CT scan. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola umthombo wokopha ngoba imithambo yegazi ibonakala kahle.
• I-Capsule endoscopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa okungavamile kakhulu. Ugwinya ikhamera encane efana nephilisi. Ikhamera ithatha izithombe eziningi njengoba idlula emathunjini akho. Ekugcineni, ikhamera ikhishwa kanye nendle yakho.
• Ukuskena kwe-Radionuclide: Kulokhu, unikezwa okuthile okuqukethe izinga eliphephile lezinto ezinemisebe. Lokhu kunamathela kumaseli abomvu egazi, ngakho ukuskena kukhombisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kuphi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yokopha, ukuthi ukopha kukuphi, nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani.

Ingabe ingelapheka ngomuthi?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo, imithi ingalawula ukopha futhi yelaphe imbangela. Isibonelo, kunemithi yokopha okubangelwa izilonda zesisu, ama-hemorrhoids, noma i-GERD. Le mithi ihlanganisa:

• Yehlisa amazinga e-asidi esiswini.
• Kusiza ukujiya kwegazi.
• Kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Ingabe udinga ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhlinzwa?

Ngokuvamile, odokotela benza ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-endoscopy noma i-colonoscopy. Lezi yizinto ezincane ekugcineni kwepayipi ezingasetshenziswa:

• Ukususa ukukhula okungavamile, isibonelo, ama-polyp ekholoni.
• Ukujova umuthi ukusiza ekumiseni ukopha.
• Isenzo sokuvala (ukuvala) umthambo wegazi nge-clip encane noma ibhande.
• Ukusebenzisa i-laser, igesi eshisayo, noma igesi ebandayo ukubhubhisa izicubu lapho igazi ligeleza khona.

Okubalulekile: Eziningi zalezi zindlela zokwelapha zingenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-endoscopy, ngaphandle kokwenza i-incision enkulu, ngakho-ke kunethuba lokululama ngokushesha.

Ingabe ukwelashwa kuhlukile uma kwenzeka ukopha ngokuzumayo?

Uma ukopha kukhulu kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo . Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-laparoscopy . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwenziwa imicu embalwa emincane esiswini, lapho kufakwa khona ikhamera kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlinza ukuze kusheshe kuphathwe indawo yokopha.

Lokhu kungavinjelwa kanjani ukuthi kungenzeki? (Ukuvimbela)

Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lokopha emathunjini:

• Sebenzisa ama-painkiller (imithi engeyona i-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala - ama-NSAID) kanye ne-aspirin kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela. Uma uqhubeka nokuwasebenzisa, khuluma nodokotela.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi kungalimaza isisu sakho.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yezilonda zesisu.
• Uma unezifo zamathumbu ezifana ne-diverticulitis, zitholele ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele futhi ulawule izimpawu zakho.
• Hlola igciwane i-Helicobacter pylori, elingabangela izilonda esiswini, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini.

Ingabe ngizolulama kulesi sifo? Siyini isimo sengqondo? (I-Outlook)

Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ekuphumeni kwegazi nge-GI. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi amathumbu alulame ngokuphelele. Lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi nge-GI esikhathini esizayo:

• Kangangokunokwenzeka, gwema ukusebenzisa imithi engabangela ukopha.
• Thola ukwelashwa kwezifo ezifana neHelicobacter pylori, ebangela izilonda esiswini.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka. Zama izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula okujulile.
• Gcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kanye nokudla okulinganiselayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungalondoloza isisindo esinempilo.

Ingabe kukhona imiyalelo yokunakekelwa okukhethekile okudingeka ilandelwe?

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuphumelele, ngezinye izikhathi ukopha kwesisu kungabuya. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvikele impilo yakho, nakekela lezi zinto:

• Qiniseka ukuthi uya emihlanganweni yokulandelela kadokotela wakho. Lemihlangano ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani futhi athole noma yikuphi ukuphuma kwegazi okusha.
• Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ewuyalile, isikhathi esinqunyiwe. Uma unenkinga ngemiphumela emibi yomuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Angase akwazi ukunciphisa umthamo noma akunike omunye umuthi.
• Qhubeka nokwenza izinguquko ezinhle endleleni yokuphila ozenzile. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu manje, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlale uphilile.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukopha esiswini kuyisibonakaliso esingabangelwa yizimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Kungavela noma kuphi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.

Ungalokothi ungazinaki igazi elisendle noma igazi elihlanzayo. Kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu. Odokotela bangasebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-"Endoscopy" noma i-"Colonoscopy" ukuthola umthombo wokopha bese bekwelapha. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, lesi simo singaphinde sibuye, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Uma unemibuzo, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

` Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ukopha kwamathumbu, ukopha kwesisu, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izimbangela, i-endoscopy