Uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, sonke siyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Phakathi kwazo, umdlavuza we-colorectal uyisifo esivame kakhulu ezweni lakithi. Uma sikhuluma nodokotela noma sibheka umbiko wezokwelapha, sizwa futhi sibona amagama amaningi angajwayelekile. Isibonelo, amagama afana ne-Colonoscopy, i-Biopsy, i-Chemotherapy. Ngenxa yokuthi asiwaqondi kahle la magama, ngezinye izikhathi singazizwa singakhululekile, sididekile, futhi sesaba ngokungadingekile. Ngakho-ke namuhla sicabange ukuthi sizoxoxa nawe ngencazelo elula yala magama ambalwa. Njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane omkhulu, ngendlela ekhululekile.
Ake siqale sifunde ngomdlavuza kanye nezinhlobo zezimila.
Ake siqale sibheke ukuthi umdlavuza uyini. Kalula nje, imizimba yethu yakhiwe yizigidigidi zamaseli amancane. Umdlavuza uvela lapho la maseli ehlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. La maseli omdlavuza ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe isimila .
Lezi zinhlobo zamantongomane ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ikakhulukazi:
- Isimila Esingenabungozi: Lezi izimila "ezinhle" ezingezona ezomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile ziba sendaweni eyodwa kuphela futhi azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Isimila Esiyingozi: Lolu uhlobo "olubi" lwesimila, okusho ukuthi sinomdlavuza. Singalimaza izicubu ezizungezile futhi sihambe siye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngegazi noma uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Uma umdlavuza usakazeka ngale ndlela, siwubiza ngokuthi i-metastasizing .
Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu uvame ukuqala njengezimila ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-polyp . Nakuba lezi zingezona umdlavuza ekuqaleni (njenge-adenomas), zingagcina seziphenduke umdlavuza. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuzibona nokuzisusa kusenesikhathi.
Ake sifunde kancane ngokuthi lesi sifo sivela kuphi.
Amagama amabili athi umdlavuza we-Colorectal asho umdlavuza okhula ku-Colon (amathumbu amakhulu) kanye ne-Rectum (anus). Ake siqonde ukuthi lezi zingxenye ziyini.
Lena yindlela yokugcina lapho imfucuza esala ngemva kokudla esikudlayo igaywa khona futhi izakhamzimba zimuncwa emizimbeni yethu.
- Ikholoni/Amathumbu Amakhulu: Lena yingxenye yesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla esiseduze kakhulu nokuphela, cishe ngamafidi angu-1. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukumunca amanzi nosawoti okuvela emikhiqizweni engcolile kubuyele emzimbeni bese kwakheka indle.
- I-Rectum: Amasentimitha angu-8 okugcina ethunjini elikhulu abizwa ngokuthi i-rectum. Yilapho indle igcinwa khona okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe.
- Indunu: Imbobo lapho indle iphuma khona emzimbeni.
Izimpawu kanye nezimo ezihlobene ongase ubhekane nazo
Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinye zezimpawu kanye namagama ezokwelapha ahlobene nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela.
| Igama lezokwelapha / uphawu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukopha Okuvela Emqaleni | Igazi elibomvu eliphuma endunu noma lingenalo indle. Lokhu kungabangwa ama-hemorrhoids, kodwa akufanele neze kunganakwa. |
| I-anemia (ukuntuleka kwegazi) | Njengoba umdlavuza uphuma kancane kancane emzimbeni, umthamo wegazi emzimbeni ungase wehle. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi uphaphathekile. |
| Ukuqunjelwa | Isimila esinomdlavuza sinciphise umgudu wamathumbu, okwenza kube nzima ukuphuma kwendle. |
| Uhudo | Kwezinye izimo, isifo sohudo singabangelwa izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu. |
| Ama-Hemorrhoids | Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi e-rectum. Abanye abantu badidanisa lokhu nesibonakaliso somdlavuza ngoba ungaphuma igazi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe udokotela. |
| Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu (IBD) | Lesi yisimo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu isikhathi eside. Sihlanganisa kokubili iSifo sikaCrohn kanye ne -Ulcerative Colitis . Abantu abane-IBD basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingazelelwe emikhubeni yamathumbu (isib., ukushintshana kokuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo), ubuhlungu besisu, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Ngemva kokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo. Ungesabi lezi. Kuzokusiza kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ziyini lezi.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? (Kwenzekani?) |
|---|---|
| I-Colonoscopy | Ipayipi eligobekayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe lifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe wonke umathumbu omkhulu. Lolu yisivivinyo esingcono kakhulu nesinembile kakhulu sokuthola umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Uma kukhona noma yikuphi ukukhula, njenge-polyps, okukhona, kungasuswa ngokushesha. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji | Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekile ngokuphelele ukuthi kungumdlavuza noma cha . |
| I-CT Scan | Indlela ekhethekile ye-X-ray ithatha izithombe ezihlukanisayo (izithombe zezingcezu) zangaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwamathumbu noma kwezinye izindawo, njengesibindi noma amaphaphu. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lomlingo Wendle (FOBT) | Ukuhlolwa okulula okubheka igazi elingabonakali esitulweni. Lokhu kusetshenziswa njengokuhlolwa kokuhlola ukuthola umdlavuza. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza?
Uma isifo sesiqinisekisiwe, ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe esigabeni somdlavuza, ukusabalala kwawo, kanye nesimo sempilo yesiguli.
Ukuhlinzwa
Lena yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Lapha, isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nengxenye yezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukususwa kwe-Colectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yomdlavuza yekholoni.
- I-Anastomosis: Ngemva kokususwa kwengxenye yamathumbu, iziphetho ezimbili ezisele ziyaxhunyaniswa.
- I-Colostomy: Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza useduze kakhulu ne-anus, akunakwenzeka ukuxhumanisa izinhlangothi zombili zamathumbu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwenziwa imbobo yesikhashana noma ehlala njalo ebusweni besikhumba sesisu ukuze kuvunyelwe indle ukuthi idlule. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-colostomy. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngalokhu, odokotela nabahlengikazi bazokufundisa ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lena imithi ekhethekile enikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni kwawo. Inganikezwa njengomjovo noma amaphilisi. Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ashiywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumdlavuza we-rectal.
Ngezinye izikhathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ingasetshenziswa ndawonye. Isibonelo, i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa ibizwa ngokuthi i-adjuvant therapy .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ungaliqondi igama elishiwo udokotela, ungesabi ukubuza. Kuyilungelo lakho ukucacisa ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokopha endulwini noma ushintsho emikhubeni yamathumbu. Kungaba ama-hemorrhoids, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe udokotela.
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, abantu abasengozini (ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka engu-45) kufanele bakhulume nodokotela wabo futhi bafunde ngezivivinyo ezifana ne-colonoscopy.
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kodwa khumbula, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla.
- Uma unenkinga yezempilo, ungathembeli kuphela olwazini olutholakala ku-inthanethi, kodwa funa iseluleko kudokotela oqeqeshiwe kuphela.
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