Isithunywa esikhulu sobuchopho: Okudingeka ukwazi nge-Glutamate!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ulwazi ludluliselwa kanjani emuva naphambili ebuchosheni bakho? Uma sifunda okuthile okusha, uma sikhumbula into endala, kukhona isithunywa samakhemikhali esincane kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esisisiza ukwenza konke lokhu ngemuva. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-Glutamate . Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwayo, ubuchopho bethu bungaba yinkathazo. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini le Glutamate, ukuthi yenza miphi imisebenzi emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, ukuthi kungani ibalulekile, kodwa futhi nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngezinye izikhathi uma inani layo landa noma lincipha. Kalula nje, sizokhuluma ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-Glutamate?

Kalula nje, i-Glutamate iyi-neurotransmitter . Cabanga ngama-neurotransmitter njengezithunywa ezincane ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa (ama-neurons) ebuchosheni bethu. Lawa yiwo adlulisa ulwazi nezimpawu kusuka kwelinye iseli lezinzwa kuya kwelinye.

Ebuchosheni bethu, i-glutamate iyi -neurotransmitter eyinhloko yokuvuselela . Igama elithi "Excitatory" lisho ukuthi livuselela iseli lemizwa, okusho ukuthi "liyayivusa." Bese kuthi amathuba okuthi lowo myalezo uqhubekele esiseleni semizwa esilandelayo akhule. Kufana nokuvusa umuntu ngokungqongqoza emnyango wakhe. Ngakho-ke, i-glutamate ibalulekile ukuze ubuchopho busebenze kahle.

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi le glutamate ikhiqizwa kanjani futhi kuphi. I-Glutamate iphinda isetshenziswe futhi yenziwe ibe yintsha ebuchosheni bethu uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngamaseli e-glial . Amaseli e-Glial awuhlobo lweseli elisekelayo elisiza, londle, futhi livikele amaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni. Lawa maseli e-glial athatha i-glutamate esetshenzisiwe bese eyiguqula ibe enye inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-glutamine . Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho le glutamine ifika endaweni yokugcina yamaseli ezinzwa futhi, iphenduka ibe yi-glutamate. Akuyona yini indlela emangalisayo?

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa i-glutamate nayo ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwesinye i-neurotransmitter esibalulekile, i-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . I-GABA yaziwa ngokuthi i-neurotransmitter "ezolisayo". I-GABA iyasiza ezintweni ezifana nokulala, ukuphumula, ukulawula ukukhathazeka, kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha. Ngakho-ke, yize i-glutamate ivuselela ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde ifake isandla ekukhiqizweni kwe-agent ezolisayo kolunye uhlangothi.

I-Glutamate ayiyona nje i-neurotransmitter. Futhi iyi-amino acid. Ama-amino acid ayizakhi eziyisisekelo zamaprotheni. Njengezakhi. I-Glutamate iyi-amino acid eningi kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Emzimbeni, i-Glutamate ikhiqizwa futhi igcinwe ezicutshini zemisipha.

Futhi, cishe uke wezwa kakhulu nge-glutamate ngenxa ye-food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) . I-Glutamate itholakala nase-food flavouring agent MSG.

Ngakho-ke le glutamate isebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa!

Ama-neurotransmitter afana ne-glutamate akhiqizwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ngokwawo. Agcinwa ezikhwameni ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-synaptic vesicles esigungwini se-axon seseli lezinzwa. Cabanga ngalawa njengamabhamuza amancane. Ibhamuza elilodwa lingaqukatha izinkulungwane zalawa ma-neurotransmitter molecule!

Manje, lapho umlayezo noma isignali ihamba ngeseli lemizwa, uhlobo lukagesi lwaleso signali lubangela ukuthi lawo ma-vesicle amancane agcwele i-glutamate avuleke futhi akhulule i-glutamate ibe yisikhala esincane esigcwele uketshezi esibizwa ngokuthi i-synapse phakathi kwamaseli amabili emizwa. Kufana nebhuloho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalesi sikhala kukhona iseli lemizwa elilandelayo. Manje le glutamate kufanele ihambe iyobopha kuma -receptor akhethekile kwenye iseli lemizwa elamukela umlayezo. Kufana nesihluthulelo esifakwa kukhiye. Uma isixhunyiwe, i-glutamate ibangela ushintsho oluthile noma isenzo kulelo seli lemizwa elilandelayo. Yilapho umlayezo uqhubeka nokuhamba usuka esiseleni semizwa uye esiseleni semizwa.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinzwa eziningi, i-glutamate ingabopha kuma-receptor amane ahlukene ! Cabanga ngakho njengokuvula izingidi ezine ngesihluthulelo esisodwa esikhulu. Leli khono livumela i-glutamate ukuthi ibe nemiphumela ehlukahlukene ebuchosheni futhi ixhumane namanye amaseli ezinzwa. I-Glutamate inesibopho somsebenzi wokuvuselela ingqondo womuntu ongaphezu kuka-90%. Ungacabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokho?

Ngaphakathi kobuchopho bethu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayahlangana ukuze akhe izifunda ezincane. Lawa ma-circuit amancane asiza ngemisebenzi emincane njengokukhumbula izinkumbulo. Futhi, amanethiwekhi amakhulu, abanzi asiza ngemisebenzi emikhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi njengokubona, ukuzwa, nokuhamba. I-Glutamate iyi-neurotransmitter eyinhloko ethwala imiyalezo yamakhemikhali ngalezi zifunda kanye namanethiwekhi. Indlela i-glutamate esebenza ngayo ku-synapse phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa iqinisa noma ibuthakathaka isignali yokuxhumana phakathi kwala maseli. Ithinta ngqo indlela umsebenzi ofanele owenziwa ngayo. Uma i-glutamate ingakhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ezindaweni ezifanele, nangenani elifanele, ukuxhumana kuyaphazamiseka. Ngokufanayo, uma i-glutamate iba phezulu kakhulu, ingalimaza amangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi yonakalise inethiwekhi yokuxhumana uqobo.

Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yi-glutamate emizimbeni yethu?

Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi ebalulekile eyenziwa yi-glutamate emizimbeni yethu:

• Ukufunda kanye nenkumbulo:Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ngoba ingasebenzisana nama-receptor amane ahlukene, i-glutamate inethuba elikhulu lokudlulisa imiyalezo ngempumelelo nangokushesha phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa. Lokhu kushintshana okusheshayo kwesignali kanye nokucubungula ulwazi kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni nasekukhumbuleni. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa i-glutamate ivumela namaseli ezinzwa ukuthi axhumanise ulwazi oluhlobene. Lesi yisisekelo senkumbulo. Cabanga ngakho, uma ufunda okuthile okusha, kwakheka izindlela ezintsha ebuchosheni.
• Umthombo wamandla wamaseli obuchopho: Uma i-glucose, umthombo wamandla oyinhloko womzimba wethu, iphansi, i-glutamate inganikeza amandla kumaseli obuchopho. Kufana nokunikezwa kwamandla okusekelayo.
• Isithunywa samakhemikhali: Lona umsebenzi waso oyinhloko. I-Glutamate isiza ukuthumela imiyalezo yamakhemikhali phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.
• Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka: Ngokwezifundo zezilwane, amazinga e-glutamate aphezulu uma sivukile futhi ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-"Rapid Eye Movement" (REM). Ukulala okunempilo kubalulekile empilweni enempilo.
• Isibonakaliso sobuhlungu: Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga akhuphukile e-glutamate kanye namazinga akhuphukile okuqonda ubuhlungu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma silimele, kuyasiza futhi ukudlulisa lobo buhlungu ebuchosheni.

I-glutamate ikhula kanjani ebuchosheni bethu?

Ngezinye izikhathi, inani le-glutamate ebuchosheni bethu lingaba phezulu kakhulu. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-glutamate emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa.
• I-Glutamate ikhishwa ngqo kumaseli e-glial ebuchosheni, okwengeza inani eliphelele le-glutamate ebuchosheni.
• I-glutamate eningi ihlala esikhaleni esincane phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (i-synapse). Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-receptor amaningi e-glutamate ahlala esebenza, futhi amangqamuzana ezinzwa angaqhubeka nokuvuselelwa.
• Ama-receptor asemaseli ezinzwa azwela kakhulu ku-glutamate. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nenani elincane lama-molecule e-glutamate akhiqizwa ukuze awavuselele.

Kwenzekani uma i-glutamate ikhuphuka? Lokhu kuyingozi!

Uma inani le-glutamate ebuchosheni landa kakhulu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa angavuseleleka ngokweqile. Lokhu kuvuselela ngokweqile kungalimaza noma kubulale ngisho namangqamuzana obuchopho . Kulokhu, i-glutamate ibizwa ngokuthi i-excitotoxin . Okusho ukuthi, isebenza njengesikhuthazi kanye nobuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amazinga aphezulu e-glutamate ebuchosheni ahlotshaniswa nezimo eziningana zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa:

• Isifo sikaLou Gehrig esibizwa nge-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (isifo sikaLou Gehrig esibizwa nge-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis):Kulokhu, imisipha iba buthaka kancane kancane.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Isifo esithinta isimiso sezinzwa.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngaso, isifo esivamile esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Sithinta ukunyakaza komzimba, izimpawu ezifana nokuthuthumela ezithweni zingase zibonakale.
• Isifo sikaHuntington: Isifo esizuzwe njengefa esibhubhisa amangqamuzana obuchopho.
• Isifo sohlangothi: Isimo esibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• I-Fibromyalgia: Ibangela ubuhlungu nokukhathala emzimbeni wonke.
• Isifo sokukhathala okungapheli: Ukukhathala okukhulu kwesikhathi eside.

Kukhona nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo okucatshangwa ukuthi zibangelwa izinkinga zokukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-glutamate:

• Izinkinga zemizwa nokukhathazeka .
• I-Autism .
• Ukucindezeleka .
• Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD) yisifo esibonakala ngemicabango nezenzo ezingafuneki .
I-Schizophrenia ithinta imizwa .

Okubalulekile: Nakuba ukungalingani kwe-glutamate kungaba yimbangela eyodwa yalezi zimo, lezi yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaba nezinye izimbangela eziningi. Udokotela kuphela ongenza ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma i-glutamate incipha?

Ngaphezu kokwanda kwe-glutamate, ukwehla kwamazinga e-glutamate ebuchosheni nakho kuyinkinga. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungaholela kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokugxila : Ubunzima bokugxila emsebenzini noma ekufundeni.
• Ukukhathala kwengqondo : Ubuchopho buzizwa bukhathele kakhulu.
• Ukungalali : Ubunzima bokulala ebusuku.
• Amandla aphansi : Ukuzizwa sengathi akukho lutho.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi i-glutamate ye-neurotransmitter ibaluleke futhi ibaluleke kangakanani ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasesimisweni sezinzwa esiyinhloko. I-Glutamate idlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchopho bethu, ikakhulukazi ekubumbeni izinto ezifana nokufunda kanye nenkumbulo.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-glutamate kumele ibe khona ngesikhathi esifanele, ezindaweni ezifanele, kanye nokuhlushwa okufanele.Uma i-glutamate ikhona ebuchosheni, endaweni engafanele, ekugxilweni okuphezulu kakhulu, isikhathi eside kakhulu, ingalimaza noma ibulale ngisho namaseli obuchopho. Ezinye zezifo eziwohlokayo esixoxe ngazo, njengesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sika-Alzheimer, kanye nesifo sikaHuntington, zihlotshaniswa nalokhu kukhuthazwa ngokweqile kwamaseli ezinzwa. Izinkinga ngokukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-glutamate nazo zingahlotshaniswa nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njenge-autism, ukucindezeleka, kanye ne-schizophrenia.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi sithunywa samakhemikhali esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Uma unenkinga noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ngoba ukugcina konke lokhu kulinganisela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni enempilo.

I- Glutamate, Ubuchopho, I-Neurotransmitter, Inkumbulo, Ukufunda, i-MSG, Impilo Yengqondo, Isifo Sezinzwa