Wake wathatha umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi, wabheka amagama akuwo, wabe usucabanga, "Kuyini lokhu?" Elinye lamagama owabona kuleyo mibiko yi-hemoglobin. Futhi, uma ukhuluma ngesifo sikashukela, elinye lamagama owazwayo ngokuqinisekile yi-A1C. Zombili lezi zisitshela okuningi ngempilo yomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizokhuluma nge-hemoglobin kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-A1C ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Iyini ngempela i-hemoglobin?
Kalula nje, i-hemoglobin iyiprotheni ekhethekile etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu abomvu egazi. Kufana 'nesevisi yokulethwa' esebenza emizimbeni yethu.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqoqa umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini lapho siphefumula bese uwuyisa ezicutshini zomzimba wonke. Iphinde ithwale i-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa kulezo zicubu ibuyele emaphashini ukuze ikhishwe lapho sikhipha umoya. Le hemoglobin yilokho okunikeza igazi lethu umbala walo obomvu.
I-molecule ye-hemoglobin yakhiwe ngamaketanga amane amaprotheni. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye inengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-heme' equkethe insimbi. Ama-molecule e-oksijini ayafika anamathele kule ngxenye equkethe insimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umzimba wakho ungenayo insimbi eyanele, umzimba wakho ngeke ukwazi ukwenza i-hemoglobin eyanele. Khona-ke ikhono lokuthwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba lizophazamiseka.
Kusho ukuthini amazinga e-hemoglobin aphansi naphezulu?
Inani le-hemoglobin esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu lincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ubudala, ubulili, kanye nempilo ejwayelekile. Isibonelo, abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, okungukuthi, ezindaweni eziphakeme, banamazinga e-hemoglobin aphezulu kancane kunalabo abahlala eduze kolwandle.
I-hemoglobin ilinganiswa ngamagremu nge-deciliter ngayinye (gm/dL). Amazinga ajwayelekile anempilo ami kanje:
- Amadoda: 14.0 kuya ku-17.5 g/dL
- Abesifazane: 12.3 kuya ku-15.3 gm/dL
Manje ake sibone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma la mazinga eshintsha.
| Isimo | Izimbangela nezimpawu |
|---|---|
| I-Hemoglobin Ephansi | Ngokuvamile lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia . Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko ezenza lokhu kwenzeke:
Izimpawu eziyinhloko: ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphaphatheka, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi. |
| I-Hemoglobin Ephakeme | Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo emzimbeni isikhathi eside (i-hypoxia). Kungabangelwa yi:
Izimpawu eziyinhloko: ikhanda elibuhlungu, umbono ofiphele, isiyezi, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
Okubalulekile: Uma izinga lakho le-hemoglobin liphansi noma liphezulu embikweni, ungesabi, kodwa bona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile.
Manje ake sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kwe-A1C.
Uma kukhulunywa nge-hemoglobin, enye yezivivinyo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene nayo yi-HbA1c, noma njengoba sonke sazi, ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kokuxilonga i-Diabetes Mellitus nokubona ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela uphatha kahle kangakanani isifo sakhe.
Isivivinyo se-A1C sisitshelani?
Cabanga ngesilinganiso sokushaya somdlali wekhilikithi isizini yonke. Awukwazi ukubona ukuthi ungumdlali omuhle noma cha ngokusekelwe kuma-run awashayayo emdlalweni owodwa. Kodwa uma ubheka isilinganiso sakhe sesizini yonke, ungathola umbono omuhle ngekhono lakhe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kuyafana. Esikhundleni sokubheka amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngosuku olulodwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakho abe njani ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule .
Isebenza kanjani?
Ushukela (i-glucose) egazini lethu unamathela ku-hemoglobin emaseli ethu abomvu egazi. Njengoba amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka, inani likashukela elinamathela ku-hemoglobin nalo liyakhula. Njengoba isilinganiso sokuphila kweseli elibomvu legazi singaba yizinyanga ezintathu, lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza isithombe esihle samazinga kashukela egazini lakho ajwayelekile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule.
Amazinga e-A1C kanye nencazelo yawo
Imiphumela ye-A1C inikezwa njengephesenti (%). Nakhu okushiwo yileyo miphumela.
| Iphesenti le-A1C (%) | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ngaphansi kuka-5.6% | Okuvamile - Awunaso isifo sikashukela. |
| 5.7% kuya ku-6.4% | I-Prediabetes - Usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Lesi yisixwayiso! |
| 6.5% noma ngaphezulu | Isifo Sikashukela - Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. |
Kunini lapho izinga le-A1C liba yingozi khona?
Uma izinga lakho le-A1C liphakeme kuno-9%, kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu . Kusho ukuthi isifo sakho sikashukela asilawuleki nhlobo. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa umbono, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa (i-diabetic neuropathy), isifo senhliziyo, kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Ungalawula kanjani amazinga e-A1C kanye ne-hemoglobin?
Uma welapha zombili lezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi akunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.
Uma i-hemoglobin iphansi:
Ukudla ukudla okucebile nge-iron kubaluleke kakhulu.
- I-Heme Iron: Inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, inhlanzi (isib. i-tuna), i-shrimp, kanye nezinye izinyama.
- I-non-heme iron ekudleni kwezitshalo: isipinashi, udali, ubhontshisi, isoya, amadethi, omisiwe, imbewu yethanga.
- Icebiso elibalulekile: Uma udla ukudla okune-iron eningi nokudla okune-vitamin C eningi (ulamula, amawolintshi, ama-tangerines, utamatisi, ama-guava), ukumuncwa kwe-iron emzimbeni kuba ngcono kakhulu.
Uma izinga le-A1C liphezulu:
Odokotela ngokuvamile batusa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bagcine amazinga abo e-A1C engaphansi kuka-7%. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Ukulawula ukudla: Lawula ukudla okuqukethe isitashi (ama-carbohydrate) (irayisi, isinkwa, amazambane, amaswidi). Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo. Yeka ngokuphelele iziphuzo ezinoshukela.
- Ukuzivocavoca:Zivocavoce ngokulinganisela, njengokuhamba, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. Ukuzivocavoca kuthuthukisa ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa i-insulin.
- Imithi: Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi enqunywe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele.
Ungakhohlwa, ungazami ukwenza noma yikuphi kwalokhu wedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ozenzayo endleleni yakho yokuphila kanye nokudla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni etholakala emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Izinga eliphansi noma eliphakeme le-hemoglobin kungaba uphawu lwe-anemia, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kukhombisa izinga lakho elijwayelekile likashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule.
- Uma izinga le-A1C liphakathi kuka-5.7% - 6.4%, liyi-prediabetes. Uma liyi-6.5% noma ngaphezulu, liyi-diabetes.
- Ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nemithi enikezwe udokotela wakho kungasiza ekugcineni amazinga e-hemoglobin kanye ne-A1C enempilo.
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho.
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