Wake wazizwa sengathi kukhona iqhubu noma ukuvuvukala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho? Mhlawumbe ukubonile lapho uzibuka esibukweni, noma omunye umuntu ekutshele ngakho. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma ubona into efana nale. Kodwa nakuba abantu abaningi besaba lokhu, lokhu kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Goiter'. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-goiter?
I-Goiter iwukukhula kwendlala yakho yegilo. Cabanga nje, ngaphambili kwentamo yethu, ngaphansi nje kwe-apula lika-Adam, kukhona indlala encane emise okwebhabhathane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi indlala yegilo .
Le ndlala encane ikhiqiza amahomoni amabili abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lawa mahomoni yi-thyroxine (T4) kanye ne-triiodothyronine (T3). Lawa mahomoni alawula izinto eziningi emzimbeni wethu. Njengenjini yemoto.
- I-Metabolism: Lesi yisilinganiso sokudla esikudlayo esiguqulwa ngaso sibe amandla.
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba: Lilawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu.
- Isimo Sengqondo: Sithinta isimo sethu sengqondo, injabulo, kanye nentukuthelo.
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo: Silawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu.
- Ukugaya ukudla: Kusisiza ukugaya ukudla esikudlayo.
Ngakho-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile indlala yegilo ivuvukala noma ikhula, sibiza leso simo ngokuthi 'i-goiter'. Lokhu kungaba yiqhubu noma iqhubu ngaphakathi kwendlala.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke izifo ezibangela ukuba amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid angavamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-gland ingakhula ngisho nalapho amazinga e-hormone ejwayelekile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-goiter?
Odokotela bahlukanisa ama-goiter ngezindlela eziningana. Enye imayelana nendlela avuvukala ngayo. Enye imayelana nezinga le-hormone ye-thyroid. Ake sibheke kokubili lokhu kalula.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo zokuvuvukala
| Uhlobo lwe-goiter | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-goiter elula (esakazeka kabanzi) | Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi yonke indlala yegilo ivuvukala ngendlela efanayo. Uma uthinta intamo, kuzwakala sengathi kuvuvukala okubushelelezi. |
| I-nodular goiter | Kulokhu, kwakheka iqhubu eliqinile noma eligcwele uketshezi (iqhubu) ngaphakathi kwendlala yegilo. Ngakho-ke, uma uthinta intamo, uzizwa iqhubu. |
| I-goiter enezinodula eziningi | Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kwakheke amaqhubu amaningi (amaqhubu) ngaphakathi kwendlala. Amanye abonakala ngaphandle, kanti amanye angatholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kukadokotela noma ukuskenwa. |
Ukuhlukaniswa ngamazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid
- I-goiter enobuthi: Kulesi simo, indlala yegilo iyakhula futhi ikhiqize amahomoni egilo amaningi kunalokho okudingekayo . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-Hyperthyroidism'.
- I-goiter engenabo ubuthi: Kulesi simo, nakuba i-thyroid gland ikhulisiwe, amazinga ama-hormone ajwayelekile . Okusho ukuthi, akukho ukwanda (`i-Hyperthyroidism`) noma ukwehla (`i-Hypothyroidism`) kuma-hormone.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
Noma ubani angaba nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kwabesifazane: Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kane okuthola i-goiter kunabesilisa.
- Ubudala: Le ngozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-40.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo se-thyroid, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nawe ube naso.
- Ezinye izimo zempilo: Abantu abanezimo ezifana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokumelana ne-insulin nabo basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Uma indawo yentamo noma yekhanda ike yachayeka emisebeni ukuze ithole ukwelashwa, lokho nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-goiter emhlabeni wonke ukuntuleka kwe-iodine . Kodwa-ke, emazweni afana neSri Lanka, njengoba sifaka i-iodine kusawoti esiwusebenzisayo, leyo mbangela ayisavamile kakhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-goiter?
I-goiter ingahluka ngobukhulu kusukela kuma-goiter amancane, angabonakali kalula, kuya kwamakhulu, abonakalayo. Ngokuvamile, ama-goiter awabuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma ehambisana nokuvuvukala kwe-thyroid gland (i-thyroiditis), angaba buhlungu.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu eziyinhloko | |
| Ukuvuvukala kwentamo | Ukuvela kweqhubu noma ukuvuvukala ngaphambili kwentamo, ngaphansi kwe-larynx. |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu | Uzizwa sengathi umphimbo wakho unciphile, sengathi ithayi liyaqina. |
| Ukushintsha izwi | Ukuhosha, ukulahlekelwa ukucaca kwezwi. |
| Izimpawu ezingavamile | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuquleka lapho uphakamisa izingalo. |
| Izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism | |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia). |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ngabe udla kahle. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukujuluka kakhulu kunokuvamile, ukuchama njalo, izandla ezithuthumelayo, kanye nokungaphumuli. |
| Izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism | |
| Ukukhathala komzimba | Ukukhathala njalo kanye nokulala. |
| Ukwanda kwesisindo | Ukukhuluphala ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ngabe ulawula ukudla kwakho. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukuqunjelwa, isikhumba esomile, imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile kwabesifazane. |
Ziyini izimbangela ze-goiter?
I-Goiter iwuphawu lokucindezeleka kwendlala yegilo. Ingaba nezimbangela eziningana.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine: Lena yimbangela ehamba phambili emhlabeni. I-iodine ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone e-thyroid. Uma ungatholi i-iodine eyanele ekudleni kwakho, i-gland izozama ukwenza amaseli amaningi, ikhule ibe nkulu, futhi ngandlela thile yenze ama-hormone.
- Isifo sikaGraves: Lesi yisimo 'sokuzivikela komzimba'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela indlala yethu yegilo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi indlala ikhuthazwe kakhulu, ikhule, futhi ikhiqize amahomoni amaningi kakhulu ('i-Hyperthyroidism').
- Isifo sikaHashimoto: Lesi futhi yisimo 'sokuzivikela komzimba'. Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba ahlasela indlala futhi abangele ukuthi ivuvuke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwendlala kuyaphazamiseka futhi ikhiqiza ama-hormone anganele ('Hypothyroidism'). Indlala ingase ivuvuke ukuze ikwazi ukubuyisa amandla ayo.
- Umdlavuza we-thyroid: Umdlavuza we-thyroid ungabangela nokuthi indlala ikhule. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-goiter anomdlavuza . Kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile.
- Ukukhulelwa: Indlala yegilo ingase ikhule kancane ngenxa yehomoni ethi ``Human chorionic gonadotropin`` (HCG), ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- I-thyroiditis: Indlala ingavuvukala futhi ivuvuke ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Udokotela uluthola kanjani lolu hlobo lwesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga?
Uma uneqhubu entanyeni yakho, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela . Udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze athole ukuthi ngabe yi-goiter nokuthi yini ebangela lokho.
1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Okokuqala, udokotela uzothinta intamo yakho ukuze ahlole ukuvuvukala, amaqhubu kanye nobuhlungu.
2.Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid (T3, T4) kanye ne-TSH. Lokhu kungabona ukuthi i-gland isebenza kahle yini nokuthi kukhona i-hormone eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu.
3. I-Thyroid Ultrasound Scan: Njengoba kufana ne-baby scan, lokhu kubheka i-gland entanyeni. Kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi i-gland inkulu kangakanani, ukuthi ikhona yini imivimbo, nokuthi imivimbo iqinile noma iwuketshezi.
4. I-Biopsy: Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa iqhubu elikhulu noma elisolisayo, udokotela uzosebenzisa inalithi ukuthatha isampula encane yamaseli avela eqhubuni bese elithumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlole amaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqeda noma yikuphi ukungenzeka komdlavuza.
5. Ukuskena kwe-CT noma i-MRI: Uma i-goiter inkulu kakhulu, noma uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi ikhulele esifubeni, lolu hlobo lokuskena lungenziwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-goiter?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ngobukhulu be-goiter, izimpawu onazo, kanye nembangela.
- Ukulinda ngokuqapha: Uma i-goiter incane, ungenazo izinkinga, futhi amazinga akho ama-hormone ejwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukubheka isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
- Izinhlobo zemithi:
- Uma amazinga ama-hormone ephansi ( i-Hypothyroidism ), amaphilisi ama-hormone anjenge-'Levothyroxine' anqunyelwe ukuthathwa nsuku zonke.
- Uma amazinga ama-hormone ephezulu ( i-hyperthyroidism ), imithi efana ne-Methimazole inikezwa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.
- Uma i-goiter ibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwendlala, unganikezwa umuthi wokudambisa izinhlungu noma i-corticosteroid.
- Ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha i-hyperthyroidism. Uthatha uketshezi noma i-capsule ye-iodine enemisebe engena endlaleni ye-thyroid, ibhubhise amangqamuzana asebenza ngokweqile lapho futhi ibangele ukuthi indlala inciphe.
- Ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Thyroid):
- Uma i-goiter inkulu kakhulu futhi yenza kube nzima ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya.
- Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umdlavuza.
- Uma kunenkinga enkulu ngokubukeka.
Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye noma yonke indlala. Uma indlala isusiwe ngokuphelele, kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela okuxilongayo uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele. Ngakho ungaziqhathanisi nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ubona ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu entanyeni yakho, ungakushayi indiva. Kungaba yi-goiter.
- Asikho isidingo sokwesaba uma ubona i-goiter. Iningi lama-goiter alinawo umdlavuza.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungadingeki ukwelashwa.
- Uma wazi ukuthi unesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, yiya ezivivinyweni ezihleliwe njengoba udokotela wakho ekuncoma.
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