Iningi lethu liyesaba kancane uma sizwa igama elithi cholesterol, akunjalo? Kodwa mhlawumbe uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol: 'enhle' kanye 'nembi'. Sonke sicabanga ukuthi le 'cholesterol enhle', okungukuthi, uhlobo olubizwa nge-HDL, ilungele imizimba yethu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphakeme kangakanani. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Namuhla sikhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi i-cholesterol enhle eningi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yinkinga.
Kungani sibiza i-HDL ngokuthi 'i-cholesterol enhle'?
Kalula nje, i-cholesterol iyinto efana ne-wax etholakala egazini lethu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zayo.
1. I-LDL (i-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Lena yi-cholesterol 'embi' . Uma inqwabelana, inganqwabelana emithanjeni yethu yegazi, iyivale, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingabangela izifo ezinkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi.
2. I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein): Lesi yisikhulumi sethu, i-cholesterol 'enhle' . Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-HDL ukuqoqa i-cholesterol embi (i-LDL) engafuneki emzimbeni wonke bese iyiyisa esibindini. Isibindi siyayiphula bese siyisusa emzimbeni njengemfucuza.
Cabanga ngemithambo yethu yegazi njengohlelo lwamapayipi athwala amanzi. I-LDL ifana nokungcola okubhajwa kulawo mapayipi. I-HDL ifana nomuntu osusa lowo kungcola bese ehlanza amapayipi. Yingakho sibiza i-HDL ngokuthi i-cholesterol 'enhle'. Uma uya kudokotela bese uhlolwa i-cholesterol yakho bese kwenziwa umbiko we-'Lipid Panel' (abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi 'Lipid Profile'), amazinga e-LDL kanye ne-HDL abonakala kuwo.
Amazinga ajwayelekile abhekwa njengaphilile yilawa:
- Kwabesilisa: Izinga le-HDL elingaphezu kuka-40 mg/dL.
- Kwabesifazane: Izinga le-HDL elingaphezu kuka-50 mg/dL.
Kuthiwa ukugcina la mazinga kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Ingabe kuyingozi ngempela ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol enhle?
Ungase ucabange, "Into enhle kakhulu iyinto enhle." Kodwa uma kukhulunywa nge-cholesterol ye-HDL, indaba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-HDL kungase kunganikezi isivikelo esilindelekile. Kwezinye izimo, le cholesterol enhle ingaqala ukuziphatha njenge-cholesterol embi, okwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi abantu abanamazinga e-HDL aphezulu kakhulu kuno-60 mg/dL bangaba nengozi ephezulu ngo-50% yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kunalabo abanamazinga e-HDL aphakathi kuka-41-60 mg/dL.
Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-HDL (ngaphezu kuka-80 mg/dL kwabesilisa kanye nangaphezulu kuka-100 mg/dL kwabesifazane) babenengozi enkulu yokufa. Luphinde lwathola ukuthi kubantu asebekhulile, amazinga e-HDL angaphezu kuka-80 mg/dL andise ingozi yokuba ne-dementia ngo-27%.
Pho kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Nakuba isizathu salokhu singacacile ngokuphelele, abacwaningi banemibono ethile. Lapho imizimba yethu isesimweni sokuvuvukala, lezi zinhlayiya ze-HDL zingashintsha ukusebenza kwazo. Esikhundleni sokususa i-cholesterol embi (LDL), ziyasiza ekunciphiseni inqubo. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwama-LDL deposits (ama-plaque) emithanjeni yegazi, okungandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Yiziphi izimbangela zamazinga aphezulu e-HDL?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani amazinga e-HDL angaba ngaphezu kuka-60 mg/dL. Ezinye zalezi zingaphansi kwamandla ethu, kanti ezinye zingaphezu kwamandla ethu.
1. Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo (Izakhi zofuzo zakho)
Abanye abantu bazalwa benomkhuba wofuzo wokuba namazinga aphezulu e-HDL. Nakuba lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungavikela ezifweni zenhliziyo, izinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo (njengezakhi zofuzo ze-'SCARB1') nazo zingandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo ngokubangela la mazinga aphezulu e-HDL. Uma othile emndenini wakho, njengomama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini, enesifo senhliziyo futhi amazinga akho e-HDL nawo aphezulu, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho.
2. Ukudla Kwakho
Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi angagcwali, njengezinhlanzi, amantongomane afana nama-cashew, nemifino eluhlaza, kungasiza ekukhuliseni amazinga e-HDL. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwali kungakhuphula amazinga e-cholesterol embi (LDL) kanye ne-cholesterol enhle (HDL) ngokungadingekile .
Ukudla okunye okunamafutha amaningi agcwele:
- Inyama ebomvu
- Ukhilimu nobisi olunamafutha agcwele
- Ibhotela, ushizi
- Imikhiqizo yokubhaka efana namakhekhe namabhisikidi
- Ukudla okuthosiwe
3. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
Ukuphuza utshwala kungakhuphula amazinga e-HDL. Uma kuqhathaniswa , kungaba wusizo ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuza iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngosuku kungakhuphula amazinga e-HDL abe amazinga angewona anempilo futhi kwandise amazinga e-LDL. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sohlangothi, kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
4. Eminye imithi
Eminye imithi oyithathayo ingakhuphula amazinga akho e-HDL.
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (imithi ye-statin)
- Amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo
- Ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
- Imithi yezifo ezifana nesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka)
- Izinhlobo zama-steroid (ama-Corticosteroids)
- I-insulini
5. Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
Ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, amazinga e-estrogen kwabesifazane ayancipha. Le hormone isiza ukuphakamisa amazinga e-HDL nokuvikela inhliziyo. Lapho amazinga e-estrogen ehla, amazinga e-HDL angase ahlale efana, kodwa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela zingase zehle.
6. Izinkinga Ze-thyroid
I-Hypothyroidism ingabangela ukwanda kwamazinga e-cholesterol e-LDL kanye ne-HDL.
Ungawelapha kanjani amazinga aphezulu e-HDL?
Kulungile, manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "O, kuthiwani uma izinga lami le-HDL liphezulu kakhulu?" Ungakhathazeki. Uma ungenazo ezinye izimpawu noma izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwamazinga aphezulu e-HDL.
Udokotela wakho uzoqala athole imbangela ye-cholesterol yakho ephezulu. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho ezonquma khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini. Ngokuvamile, lapho welapha i-cholesterol, umgomo oyinhloko ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol embi (LDL).
Ayikho imithi ethile evunyelwe ukwehlisa amazinga e-HDL. Kodwa-ke, ungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga akho e-HDL ngokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nokudla ukudla okunamafutha amancane .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namazinga akho e-cholesterol. Uzokweluleka ngokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki i-cholesterol yakho, ngokusekelwe ezicini zakho eziyingozi.
Kufanele uhlolwe kangaki i-cholesterol yakho?
Lokhu kuncike eminyakeni yakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Izincomo ezijwayelekile zikuthebula elingezansi.
| Iqembu lobudala kanye nesigaba | Isikhathi sokuhlola i-cholesterol |
|---|---|
| Wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 | Kanye ngonyaka |
| Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-45-65 | Njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-2 |
| Abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-55-65 ubudala | Njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-2 |
| Abantu abadala abasebasha | Njalo eminyakeni emi-5 |
| Izingane ezinomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo | Ukuhlolwa kungaqala lapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-2. Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-9-11. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-'cholesterol enhle' (i-HDL) ngokuvamile ilungele inhliziyo ngoba isiza ukususa 'i-cholesterol embi' (i-LDL) engafuneki emzimbeni.
- Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu e-HDL (isb., angaphezu kuka-80 mg/dL) awahlali emahle. Kwezinye izimo, kungandisa ngisho nengozi yesifo senhliziyo.
- Izakhi zofuzo, ukudla, utshwala, imithi ethile, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha konke kungabangela amazinga akho e-HDL akhuphuke.
- Ungakhathazeki ngamazinga akho e-cholesterol, khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole iseluleko esifanele. Uzokunikeza ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lesimo sakho sempilo.
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