Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele futhi ungaphilile kahle kulezi zinsuku? Ingabe ukhathazeka ngezinto ezincane kakhulu, uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyashaya ngamandla, futhi awukwazi ukulala ebusuku? Uma wehlisa isisindo naphezu kokudla kahle, ungase ucabange ukuthi konke kungenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile noma ukucindezeleka. Vele, lokho kungaba yimbangela. Kodwa lezi zimpawu zingase zibangelwe yinkinga yendlala yakho yegilo, efana nebhabhathane elincane entanyeni yakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, i-Graves' Disease. Ungakhathazeki, lesi yisifo esingalawuleki uma usiqonda kahle.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo samaGraves?
Ake sithi unebutho elivikela izwe lakini. Umsebenzi waleli butho ukuvikela izwe ezitheni zangaphandle. Umzimba wethu nawo unesimiso sokuzivikela esifanayo, esisibiza ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikela . Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi simiso sokuzivikela senza iphutha. Esikhundleni sesitha sangaphandle, siqala ukuhlasela isitho esihle nesinempilo emzimbeni wethu.
Isifo sikaGraves singenye yezimo ezinjalo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela ngephutha indlala yethu yegilo . Lokhu kuhlasela kubangela ukuthi indlala yegilo isebenze ngokweqile futhi isebenze ngokweqile. Inani le-hormone yegilo eliyikhiqizayo liphezulu kakhulu kunalokho umzimba okudingayo. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism , noma i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile. Isifo sikaGraves siyimbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo.
Nakuba lesi kuyisimo sokuphila konke (esingamahlalakhona), ngokwelashwa okufanele, singalawulwa kahle futhi ungaphila impilo evamile.
Ingabe lezi zimpawu uyazijwayele?
Isifo samaGraves sibangela ukuthi i-metabolism yomzimba wethu, okuyisilinganiso lapho amandla akhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswa khona, ikhuphuke kakhulu. Kufana nokunyathela i-accelerator yemoto ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole ukuthi lezi zici ziyini.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukuba mncane noma ngabe udla kahle futhi unesifiso sokudla. |
| Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia) | Kuzwakala sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, ishaya ngamandla, ngisho noma umi lapho nje. |
| Ukungabekezelelani ukushisa kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile | Ukuzizwa ushisa kakhulu futhi ujuluka njalo, ngisho nasendaweni evamile kwabanye. |
| Ukukhathazeka nokungaphumuli | Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile, ungahlaliseki, futhi ucasuka kalula ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukuthuthumela | Ukuthuthumela okuncane ezandleni. |
| Ukungalali | Inkinga yokungakwazi ukulala ebusuku. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwentamo (i-Goiter) | Ukuvuvukala nokukhula kwendlala yegilo ngaphambili entanyeni. |
| Izinguquko ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla | Ukuhamba njalo kwamathumbu (uhudo) noma ukudinga ukuya endlini yangasese izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. |
| Izinguquko emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane | Ukopha okunciphile kokuya esikhathini noma ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile/okungami. |
Ingabe amehlo nesikhumba kungathinteka?
Yebo, i-Graves' Disease ingathinta hhayi indlala yegilo kuphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amehlo nesikhumba.
Imiphumela emehlweni (i-Graves' Orbitopathy)
Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abaneSifo sikaGraves angase abe nalesi simo. Sibizwa nangokuthi iSifo Samehlo Se-Thyroid . Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela imisipha nezicubu ezizungezile amehlo. Ngakho-ke,
- Amehlo avuvukele: Amehlo abonakala emakhulu futhi evuvukele.
- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi emehlweni.
- Ukuluma sengathi kukhona isihlabathi emehlweni.
- Ukubona okukabili.
- Ubunzima bokubona ngaphandle ekukhanyeni okukhulu (i-Photophobia).
Imiphumela Yesikhumba (i-Graves' Dermopathy)
Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Sihilela ukuqina kwesikhumba emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, bese siphenduka umbala obomvu noma onsomi onamaqhubu. Sibizwa nangokuthi i-Pretibial Myxedema .
Kungani sithola isifo sama-Graves?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngenxa yalokhu kungasebenzi kahle, umzimba ukhiqiza uhlobo lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi i-Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) . Lawa ma-antibodies e-TSI anamathela kumaseli e-thyroid gland futhi athumela isignali engalungile e-gland ukuze "enze ama-hormone amaningi, enze amaningi."
Ososayensi abakaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba engasebenzi kahle ngale ndlela, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezibangela lokhu.
- Izici Zezakhi Zofuzo: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi u-79% weSifo Sama-Graves sibangelwa izakhi zofuzo zethu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) enesifo se-thyroid noma ezinye izifo ezizimele, usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Izici Zemvelo: Ama-21% asele engozi avela ezintweni zemvelo. Okusho ukuthi,
- Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwesikhathi eside kungaba imbangela yezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba ezifana nalezi.
- Ukukhulelwa Nokubeletha: Lesi simo singase senzeke ngokushintsha kwama-hormone emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokubeletha.
- Amagciwane kanye nokutheleleka: Lesi sifo singavela ngemva kokutheleleka okuthile okubangelwa amagciwane, njengoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisebenza ngendlela ehlukile.
- Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola iSifo samaGraves. Akukhona lokho kuphela, uma umuntu obhemayo eba nalesi sifo, imiphumela emehlweni (i-Graves' Orbitopathy) ingaba mibi kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimo eziyingozi ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?
Isifo samaGraves yisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Uma singelashwa, singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Ukwanda kwama-hormone e-thyroid kubeka inhliziyo enkingeni enkulu. Lokhu kungaholela ku- atrial fibrillation (Afib), isimo lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- I-Osteoporosis: Amazinga aphezulu e-hormone ye-thyroid abangela ukwehla kwenani le-calcium emathanjeni, okwenza abe mancane futhi aphuke kalula.
- Isiphepho Se-thyroid: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esingasongela impilo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi umzimba ukhipha ngokuzumayo inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-hormone e-thyroid. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukujuluka, ukudideka, nokuhlanza. Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, kufanele uyiswe ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
- Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Uma isifo sikaGraves singalawulwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, singadala izinkinga kumama nomntwana. Singaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ukuzalwa kwesisindo esiphansi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kumama (i-preeclampsia).
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela. Uzobheka ngokuningiliziwe izimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazo-oda ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid (T3, T4) kanye ne-TSH (i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid) egazini lakho. Esifweni sikaGraves, amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid avame ukuphakama kanti amazinga e-TSH aphansi kakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lomzimba Olwama-Antibody: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaqinisekisa ukuthi unawo yini ama-antibodies e-TSI esikhulume ngawo ngaphambilini egazini lakho.
- Ukuthathwa Nokuskenwa Kwe-Thyroid: Kulolu vivinyo, unikezwa inani elincane le-iodine enemisebe ngesimo sephilisi. Indlala ye-thyroid yomuntu onesifo se-Graves imunca inani elikhulu lale iodine. Lokhu kungabonakala nge-scan.
- I-Doppler Ultrasound: Lokhu kuskena kwenziwa ngoba omama abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo abakwazi ukuthola i-iodine enemisebe. Kulinganisa ijubane lokugeleza kwegazi endlaleni ye-thyroid. Leli jubane liphezulu kakhulu kwi-Graves' Disease.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Isifo samaGraves siyisimo esilawulekayo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kwenzakalani? | Okufanele ukwazi |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Beta-blocker | Le mithi ayinciphisi amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid, kodwa ilawula ngokushesha izimpawu ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izandla ezithuthumelayo, nokukhathazeka. | Inikezwa ngokuyinhloko ukulawula izimpawu kuze kube yilapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kahle. |
| Imithi Yokulwa Ne-thyroid | Le mithi (isib. iMethimazole, iPropylthiouracil) ivimba ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone yi-thyroid gland. | Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphuze le mithi izinyanga noma iminyaka. Abanye abantu bangase baphelelwe yithemba. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-Radioiodine | I-iodine enomsebe, enikezwa njenge-capsule noma uketshezi, ibhubhisa kancane kancane amangqamuzana e-thyroid gland, okwenza i-gland inciphe. | Ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, i-hypothyroidism ivame ukwenzeka, okudinga ukwelashwa kwe-thyroxine impilo yonke. |
| Ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Thyroid) | Ukuhlinzwa kususa ingxenye noma yonke indlala yegilo. | Uma indlala isusiwe ngokuphelele, kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroxine impilo yakho yonke. Lena inketho enhle kubantu abanobunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yendlala ekhulisiwe (i-goiter). |
Ungase ucabange ukuthi i-hypothyroidism, ngemva kokwelashwa, nayo iyisifo. Yebo, iyisifo. Kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuyilawula kune-hyperthyroidism, futhi zimbalwa izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo samaGraves akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa yisimo esingelapheka nesilawulekayo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izandla ezithuthumelayo, ukujuluka ngokweqile, kanye nokungahlaliseki, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo se-thyroid, nawe usengozini, ngakho-ke qaphela.
- Uma ukwelashwa sekuqalile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi njengoba udokotela emyalile bese uya kobonana nodokotela.
- Uma uba nezimpawu 'zesiphepho se-thyroid' njengomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kanye nokudideka, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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