Okudingeka ukwazi ngendaba empunga ebuchosheni!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi yisiphi isitho esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu? Ubuchopho bethu. Bufana 'neSikhungo Sokulawula' somzimba wethu wonke. Konke esikucabangayo, esikwenzayo, nesikuzwayo kulawulwa yilesi sitho esimangalisayo esingaphakathi kwekhanda lethu elincane. Ngakho-ke uyazi ukuthi lobu buchopho benziwe ngani? Ngokuyinhloko, ubuchopho bakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile zezicubu. Esinye ' into empunga ' esikhuluma ngayo namuhla. Esinye ' into emhlophe '. Zombili lezi zingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile emisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke ukuze isebenze kahle.

Kalula nje, iyini le nto empunga?

Kulungile, ake sikubeke kalula lokhu. Le nto empunga iwuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwezicubu ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi, oluyingqondo yakho kanye nomgogodla. Yilapho iningi lemizimba yamangqamuzana ama-neurons ethu litholakala khona.

Manje ungase uzibuze, 'Ayini lawa maseli ezinzwa?' Cabanga ngawo njengenethiwekhi yezintambo zikagesi ezincane ezithwala ulwazi oluya phambili naphambili emizimbeni yethu. Iseli lezinzwa lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. Umzimba Wezinzwa: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yeseli lemizwa. Ifana nempande yomuthi. Iphinde ibe ne-nucleus yeseli. Yile nucleus elawula ukusebenza kweseli lonke.

2. I-Axon: Lena yingxenye ende, efana nentambo esukela emzimbeni weseli, njengesiqu somuthi. Yilapho izimpawu zikagesi zithwalwa khona zisuka kwelinye iseli ziye kwelinye.

3. Ama-dendrite: Lawa afana namagatsha esihlahla, inqwaba yemicu emincane ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Yilapho kwamukelwa khona izimpawu ezivela kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Ngakho-ke, le nto empunga yakhiwa kakhulu yimizimba yamaseli amangqamuzana ezinzwa, afana nezimpande, kanye namagatsha, afana namagatsha. Okusho ukuthi, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokucubungula ulwazi wenzeka ngaphakathi kwale nto empunga.

Lo mbala ompunga uqala ukwakheka sisesesibelethweni. Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, inani lale zicubu liyakhula kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-8 ubudala. Bese kuthi, ubuningi balo bukhuphuke kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-20 ubudala. Lokhu kwanda kobuningi yikho okwandisa ikhono lobuchopho bethu lokucubungula ulwazi kanye nokukhula kwengqondo. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele siyikhumbule ukuthi la maseli ezinzwa awakhuli amasha, futhi awavuki kabusha uma efa. Okusho ukuthi, uma iseli lezinzwa lonakele, alivuki kabusha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimpunga nezinto ezimhlophe?

Leli iphuzu elididayo kubantu abaningi. Cishe u-40% wobuchopho bethu wakhiwe ngezinto ezimpunga, kanti u-60% osele ungowezinto ezimhlophe. Zombili zinemisebenzi ehlukene. Kufana neprosesa nezintambo zayo kukhompyutha.

Ake siqonde ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwalaba ababili kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.

Kalula nje, i-grey matter iyisikhungo samakhono ethu okucabanga nokucabanga. Yilapha lapho konke kwenzeka khona, kusukela emizweni yethu kuya enkumbulweni yethu, ekufundeni, ekukhulumeni, nasekulawuleni ukunyakaza okuzithandela. Umsebenzi we-white matter ukudlulisa imiyalezo ngokushesha phakathi kwalezi zikhungo zokucubungula ulwazi.

Ikuphi le ngxube empunga emzimbeni wethu?

Lokhu kutholakala kakhulu ebusweni bobuchopho bethu nakwezinye izingxenye ezijulile ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Kutholakala nangaphakathi komgogodla.

Indawo ngaphakathi kobuchopho

Uma ubheka isithombe sobuchopho, kubonakala sengathi bunemibimbi ebusweni babo, akunjalo? Leyo mibimbi nemigoqo (iGyri neSulci) yenziwe ngezinto ezimpunga. Uyazi ukuthi kungani zimibimbi kanjalo? Khona-ke ungapakisha indawo enkulu yobuso endaweni encane (ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu). Yingakho abantu benezinto ezimpunga eziningi kunezinye izilwane. Yingakho singacabanga futhi sifunde izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izindawo zobuchopho lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezimpunga kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Cerebellum: Lena yingxenye yobuchopho bethu ngemuva, ngaphansi. Iqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni bonke. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ibhalansi nokunyakaza komzimba.
• Ubuchopho: Lena yingxenye enkulu yobuchopho. Yilapho imisebenzi yethu yengqondo ephakeme, njengokucabanga, inkumbulo, kanye nolimi, ivela khona.
• I-Brainstem: Lena yingxenye exhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ibalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Indawo ngaphakathi kwentambo yomgogodla

Uma uthatha umgogodla, unezicubu ezimhlophe ngaphandle, kanye nezicubu ezimpunga ngaphakathi. Zimise okwebhabhathane.

Ingabe izinto ezimpunga zingonakala noma zincishiswe?

Yebo, ngeshwa, lokho kungenzeka. Lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa entweni empunga efa, lokhu kuncipha kwezicubu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi lawo maseli awatholi umoya-mpilo kanye nokutholakala kwegazi akudingayo. Cabanga nje, ngoba la maseli ahlala esebenza, adinga amandla amaningi kanye nomoya-mpilo ukuze asebenze kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amangqamuzana ampunga ayafa ngokwemvelo njengoba siguga, kodwa lawa amangqamuzana aphila isikhathi eside emizimbeni yethu.

Kunezinye izimo eziningana ezilimaza izinto ezimpunga:

• Isifo i-Alzheimer's: Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqoqwa okungajwayelekile kwamaprotheni (i-Amyloid ne-Tau) ebuchosheni. Lokhu kubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa endabeni empunga.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa engxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Substantia Nigra', eyakhiwe ngezicubu ezimpunga.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Lokhu kwaziwa njengesifo esithinta kakhulu izinto ezimhlophe. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi lesi sifo silimaza nezinto ezimpunga, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezijulile zobuchopho.
• Ukulimala ekhanda (Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu - I-TBI):Uma uthola ukushaywa okukhulu ekhanda, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho kungavela futhi kulimaze amaseli asohlwini olumpunga.

Ziyini izimpawu zokulimala kwezinto ezimpunga?

Izimpawu zomonakalo we-grey matter zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho eyonakele. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ungase ubone izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukwehla kwenkumbulo: Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto ezintsha, ukukhohlwa izinto ezindala.
• Ukukhubazeka Kokuqonda: Lokhu kubhekisela ezinguqukweni zokucabanga kanye namakhono okwenza izinqumo. Isibonelo:
• Izinkinga zolimi (ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuthola amagama).
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngendlela enengqondo nokwenza izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Izinkinga Zokunyakaza: Ubunzima bokunyakaza okuncane, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izandla zakho ukunamathisela ihembe, ukubhala, noma ukubamba indebe.

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko ngokushesha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lesi simo?

Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan ukuhlola impilo yento yakho empunga nemhlophe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyasiza kakhulu ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kanye ne-MS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufana ne-fMRI (Functional MRI) kanye ne-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) nakho kungasetshenziswa.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa uma yonakele?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokubuyisela emuva noma yokwelapha ngokuphelele umonakalo wezinto ezimpunga, ngoba njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, uma amangqamuzana ezinzwa efa, awakwazi ukuphinda akhule.

Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukuzama ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukulandela ukwelashwa okunqunywe udokotela wakho ngqo.

Sizigcina kanjani izinto zethu ezimpunga ziphilile?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela umonakalo kunokuyiphatha ngemva kokuba seyenzekile. Ukutholakala kwegazi nomoya-mpilo ofanele kubalulekile empilweni yezinto ezimpunga. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Kuhle kakhulu ukwenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca okubangela ukujuluka ngosuku.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Gwema utshwala ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esifanele ubude bakho.
• Lala kahle: Amahora angu-7-8 okulala kahle ngosuku abalulekile.
• Lawula amazinga kashukela egazini kanye ne-cholesterol: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol, zilawule kahle.
• Gwema noma uyeke ukubhema.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Izinto ezifana nokuzindla kanye ne-yoga zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, abantu abazivocavoca njalo banesisindo esikhulu se-grey matter kunalabo abangenaso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlala umatasa impilo yonke kuzuzisa kakhulu empilweni yethu yobuchopho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle kakhulu nokufunda izinto ezintsha eziphonsela ubuchopho inselelo. Izinto ezifana nokufunda ulimi olusha, insimbi yomculo, noma ukufunda izincwadi azidali amangqamuzana amasha ezinzwa, kodwa zidala ukuxhumana okusha phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa akhona. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-brain plasticity / neuroplasticity.