Wake watshelwa udokotela womndeni wakho ukuthi, "Masibonise lokhu kudokotela wegazi" uma uthola umbiko wegazi? Kungenzeka ukuthi wesaba kancane lapho uzwa lokho. "O, nginokuthile okungathi sína?" Kungenzeka ukuthi wacabanga. Kodwa ungesabi. Akuwona njalo lapho ucelwa ukuba ubonane nodokotela wegazi, udokotela ogxile ezifweni zegazi, kuba yinto engathi sína. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungubani udokotela wegazi, ukuthi benzani, nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi uma kufanele uyibone.
Kalula nje, ubani lo dokotela wezifo zegazi?
Udokotela we-hematologist ungudokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene negazi, umongo wamathambo, kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic lomzimba wethu. Empeleni, lokhu kungenye ingxenye ekhethekile yezokwelapha zangaphakathi.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: igazi elisemizimbeni yethu lifana nenethiwekhi yemigwaqo edlula ezweni. Kukule migwaqo lapho imizimba yethu ithwala khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, futhi lisusa nemfucuza. Uma kunenkinga ngalolu hlelo, udokotela wegazi ukhona ukuze ayixilonge, athole ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile, futhi ayiphathe.
Baxilonga, belapha, futhi baphatha izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene negazi. Ezinye zalezi zifo zingaba yizimo ezingengozi (ezingezona ezomdlavuza), kanti ezinye zingaba yizilo eziyingozi (ezinomdlavuza). Baphinde belaphe izimo ezifana nezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi kanye nokopha ngokweqile.
Ingabe isazi segazi kanye nodokotela wezifo zomdlavuza bangabantu ababili abahlukene? Noma ingabe bangumuntu ofanayo?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Udokotela we-hematologist kanye nodokotela we-oncologist akubona ngempela umuntu ofanayo , kodwa ngezinye izikhathi udokotela ofanayo angaba nolwazi kuzo zombili lezi zinsimu.
Ake sibone umehluko nje:
- Udokotela Wezifo Zomdlavuza: Laba odokotela abangochwepheshe bomdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi belapha zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni.
- Isazi segazi: Bagxila kuphela ezifweni ezihlobene negazi, umongo wamathambo kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic.
Manje ungase ucabange, "Ubani onakekela umdlavuza okhula egazini?" Yebo, yilapho lezi zinsimu ezimbili zihlangana khona. Umdlavuza omningi, njenge-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma, uvela emangqamuzaneni ethu egazi noma emnkantsheni wamathambo. Ngakho-ke, isazi segazi sinobungcweti emidlavuzeni ehlobene negazi. Yingakho abanye odokotela begxile kuzo zombili lezi zinsimu ngokuthi "Isazi Segazi-Isazi Segazi."
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ngoba nje utshelwe ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wegazi, akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza.
Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela wakho womndeni uzokudlulisela kudokotela wegazi kuphela uma ebona okuthile okungajwayelekile emibikweni yakho yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungaba ushintsho ekubalweni kwamaseli egazi lakho noma ushintsho emazingeni akho okujiya kwegazi. Izinguquko ezincane kule mibiko eyisisekelo azihlali ziyisibonakaliso sesifo esingathi sína. Bazokudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze akuhlole kahle.
Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezelashwa yi-hematologist?
Igazi lethu linezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo aye emzimbeni, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi asivikela ezifweni, futhi ama-platelet ayayeka ukopha. Uma ukusebenza kwengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zingxenye kuphazamiseka, sikubiza ngokuthi isifo esihlobene negazi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo zezifo.
| Izifo zegazi ezingembi | |
|---|---|
| I-anemia | Ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi iyona evame kakhulu. |
| I-Thalassemia | Lesi yisifo esizuzwa njengefa. Sithinta ikhono lomzimba lokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo kanye ne-hemoglobin. Yisimo esivame ukuzwa ngaso eSri Lanka. |
| I-Hemophilia | Lesi futhi yisifo esizuzwa njengefa. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokujiya kwegazi ibe buthaka. Ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha okuningi. |
| Isifo sikaVon Willebrand | Lokhu futhi kuyisifo esivamile sokopha. |
| I-anemia yamaseli esikele | Isifo esizuzwe njengefa esibangelwa izinguquko esimweni samaseli abomvu egazi. |
| Izifo zegazi eziyingozi | |
| I-Leukemia | Umdlavuza wegazi oqala emnkantsheni wamathambo. Uvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa kwamanje, izinga lokwelashwa likhuphuke kakhulu. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umdlavuza owenzeka ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. |
| I-Myeloma | Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta amangqamuzana e-plasma emnkantsheni wamathambo. |
Yini okufanele uyilindele uma ubona udokotela wegazi?
Uma une-aphoyintimenti yokubona udokotela wegazi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukulungiselela kancane ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:
- Buza ngempilo yakho iyonke: ezinye izifo onazo, imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onalezi zifo.
- Buza ngezimpawu zakho: izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ukukhathala, izinguquko embala wesikhumba, ukushisa njalo, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kuzobuyekezwa: Letha ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho elidala bese ulibonisa udokotela. Udokotela uzolibukeza ngokucophelela bese ekuchazela ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu.
- Inquma ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile noma ukuhlolwa komnkantsha ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
- Ixoxa ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa: Uma isifo sitholakala, sizochazwa ngokugcwele kuwe futhi kuzoxoxwa nawe ngezindlela zokwelapha ezingaba khona.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okuyalelwe yi-hematologist
Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela ukuthi athole isifo ngokunembile. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ezinye zazo.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Kalula nje, ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC) | Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyisisekelo kakhulu. Kulinganisa inani lamangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokuhluka Kwegazi | Inani lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi (isib. ama-neutrophil, ama-lymphocyte) lilinganiswa ngokwehlukana. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Se-Prothrombin (PTT) | Ilinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho lijiye. |
| Ukusmeya Kwegazi Okungaphandle (i-PBS) | Iconsi legazi ligcotshwa kuslayidi yengilazi bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukuma nokubukeka kwamaseli egazi. |
Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Uma uya kudokotela, kubalulekile ukubuza yonke imibuzo onayo. Ungesabi noma ungabi namahloni. Lokhu kumayelana nempilo yakho. Ukuze sikusize, nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:
- "Dokotela, yini into engajwayelekile embikweni wami wegazi? Kusho ukuthini?"
- "Ucabanga ukuthi nginasiphi isimo sempilo?"
- "Ingabe lesi yisimo esibucayi?"
- "Kungaba yini imbangela yalokhu?"
- "Yiziphi izimpawu ezithile okufanele ngiziqaphele?"
- "Ingabe kuzodingeka ngenze ezinye izivivinyo? Bafunani?"
- "Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa? Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olutholakalayo?"
- "Ukwelashwa kuqala nini? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?"
- "Ingabe kukhona imiphumela emibi emithi enginikwa yona?"
Kuzoba usizo ukubhala phansi le mibuzo ephepheni. Bhala futhi izimpendulo udokotela azinikeza kafushane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isazi segazi ngudokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene negazi, umongo wamathambo kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic.
- Ukuthi nje uthunyelwe kudokotela wegazi akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kunezimo eziningi ezingezona ezomdlavuza, njenge-anemia.
- Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Kufanele ube nokuqonda okuhle ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho.
- Ungesabi ngoba nje ubona ushintsho ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Odokotela abangochwepheshe bakhona ukuze bahlole kahle futhi benze okudingekayo.
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