Uzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe uphaphathekile futhi unebala eliphuzi? Noma ingabe othile emndenini wakho unesifo segazi esizuzwe njengefa? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe igazi okukhethekile. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubaluleke kakhulu, okukhethekile esikhuluma ngakho namuhla kubizwa ngokuthi i-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, lokho elikwenzayo kulula kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi yini esingayifunda kukho.
Kuyini i-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?
Kalula nje, i-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwelebhu okubheka izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi, nokuthi kungakanani uhlobo ngalunye olukuwo.
Kulungile, manje usubuza ukuthi, "Iyini le hemoglobin?" Cabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angaphakathi emzimbeni wakho afana namaloli amancane okulethwa. Khona-ke i-hemoglobin 'indoda yokulethwa' ehleli ngaphakathi kwalelo loli, ethatha amaphakethe omoya-mpilo emaphashini bese ewasabalalisa kuwo wonke amanye amaseli emzimbeni . Kuphela uma 'indoda yokulethwa' isebenza kahle lapho singathola khona umoya-mpilo owanele kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo, le phrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin ibhekana nezinguquko noma amaphutha athile. Ngemuva kwalokho lo 'muntu olethayo' uqala ukuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Ngenxa yale hemoglobin enephutha, ukuma kwamaseli abomvu egazi kungashintsha, angase aqhekeke ngokushesha, futhi umzimba ungase ungatholi inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo. Senza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis ukuze sithole ukuthi ngabe kunezinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezihlukene nezinephutha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu nokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin okuvamile?
Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Uma ubheka umbiko we-FBC (Full Blood Count), kukhona nenani elibizwa nge-Hemoglobin (Hb).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin okuvamile (okutholakala ku-FBC): Lokhu kulinganisa kuphela inani eliphelele le-hemoglobin egazini lakho. Kufana nokuthi, esibonelweni sethu, uhlola ukuthi 'bangaki abantu abalethayo' onabo emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okujulile kakhulu. Kubheka izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin egazini lakho kanye nenani lohlobo ngalunye . Kufana nokungabheki nje kuphela ukuthi bangaki 'abesilisa abalethayo', kodwa futhi nokubheka ukuthi ngabe bakhona yini "abahle", "abahlukile kancane", kanye "nabanephutha" , futhi uma kunjalo, bangaki.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-sickle cell anemia kanye ne-thalassemia.
Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hemoglobin.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-hemoglobin ezibhekwa kakhulu yilolu vivinyo. Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okulula kwalokhu.
| Uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin | Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu... |
|---|---|
| I-Hemoglobin A (HgbA) | Lolu uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin oluvame kakhulu, "olujwayelekile" egazini lomuntu omdala onempilo. Lwakha ngaphezu kwama-95% e-hemoglobin iyonke kumuntu omdala onempilo. |
| I-Hemoglobin F (HgbF) | Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-hemoglobin yengane." Njengoba igama lisikisela, lolu uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-hemoglobin ezinsaneni nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Njengoba ingane ikhula, inani le-HgbF liyancipha futhi inani le-HgbA liyakhula. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lalokhu kumuntu omdala lingaba uphawu lwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. |
| I-Hemoglobin S (HgbS) | Lolu uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin enesici ebangela i-sickle cell anemia . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, esikhundleni sesimo sawo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga, aba nesimo se-sickle futhi angabhajwa emithanjeni yegazi. |
| I-Hemoglobin C (HgbC) | Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin engasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqhekeke ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi (ukuntuleka kwegazi egazini). |
Ukhishwa kanjani igazi ukuze uhlolwe? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe?
Lutho neze. Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Indlela yokuthatha igazi ingahluka kancane kuye ngobudala kanye nesidingo.
| Indlela yokuqoqwa kwegazi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukudonswa kwegazi emithanjeni | Lena yindlela evame kakhulu esetshenziswa abantu abadala nezingane ezindala. Inaliti encane ifakwa emthanjeni oseceleni kwendololwane yakho bese kukhishwa igazi elincane. Ungase uzizwe ulunywa kancane, njengokulunywa yintuthwane, kodwa ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. |
| Induku yomunwe | Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezinganeni ezincane noma uma kudingeka amaconsi ambalwa egazi. Inaliti encane isetshenziswa ukuhlaba isihloko somunwe bese iqoqa amaconsi ambalwa egazi. |
| Induku yesithende | Lokhu kwenzelwa izingane ezisanda kuzalwa . Kungakapheli amahora angu-48 umntwana ezelwe, kufakwa inaliti encane esithendeni sakhe bese kuqoqwa amaconsi ambalwa egazi ekhadini elikhethekile. Lokhu kuyingxenye yochungechunge lokuhlolwa "kokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa" okwenziwa cishe kuzo zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa eSri Lanka. Lokhu kungabona izimo ezingathi sína, kodwa ezingelapheka njenge-Sickle Cell Anemia uma kutholwa kusenesikhathi. Ungakhathazeki ngokulimaza ingane, lokhu kungenziwa ngenkathi umama esaphethe ingane. |
Kwenzekani kuleli sampula legazi elebhu?
Uma isampula yegazi lakho liya elebhu, ochwepheshe lapho balandela inqubo ekhethekile.
Cabanga ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin lufana nabantu abanesisindo esingafani futhi abangagijima ngesivinini esingafani.
1. Okokuqala, i-hemoglobin ihlukaniswa namaseli akho abomvu egazi.
2. Le ngxube ye-hemoglobin ibe isibekwa kujeli ekhethekile noma kumugqa wephepha.
3. Manje ugesi unikezwa lokhu.
4. Uma kusetshenziswa ugesi, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin luhamba phambili ngaleli jeli ngesivinini esihlukile , kuye ngesisindo salo kanye nokushaja kukagesi.Njengasemjahweni wokugijima, abasheshayo baya phambili kanti abaphuzayo bayasala ngemuva.
5. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lezi zinhlobo ze-hemoglobin zivela njengemivimbo enemibala ehlukene .
6. Okokugcina, abasebenzi belebhu baqhathanisa iphethini yakho yebhendi nephethini evamile yomuntu ophilile. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi batshele ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezisegazini lakho, nokuthi inani livamile noma alijwayelekile.
Usho ukuthini umbiko wami?
Uzothola umbiko zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa kusukela kuhlolwe. Uzobhala amaphesenti namanani ohlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin. Isibonelo, uma ikhombisa ukuba khona kwe-HgbS noma i-HgbC, kungaba uphawu lweSickle Cell Disease noma isimo esifanayo. Uma izinga le-HgbF liphezulu kumuntu omdala, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esifana ne-Thalassemia.
Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ungazenzeli iziphetho zakho ngokusekelwe ezinombolweni nasezinhlamvini kulo mbiko, noma wenze ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe ku-inthanethi. Kungabangela ukwesaba okungadingekile engqondweni yakho.
Udokotela wakho kuphela ongachaza incazelo eqondile yalo mbiko, maqondana nezimpawu zakho kanye nezinye izivivinyo. Ngakho-ke ngokushesha nje lapho uthola umbiko, hlangana nodokotela owu-ode bese nixoxa ngawo.
Kuvamile ngabazali ukuzizwa besaba futhi bekhathazekile uma umbiko wengane yakho ubonisa okuthile okungavamile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kusho ukuthi unethuba lokuqala ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwengane yakho kusenesikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza zonke izeluleko ozidingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okungagcini nje ngokulinganisa inani le -hemoglobin egazini, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zalo.
- Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu ekuxilongeni izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-sickle cell anemia kanye ne-thalassemia.
- Ukuthathwa kwegazi lakho ukuze uhlolwe kulula kakhulu futhi kuphephile. Asikho isizathu sokwesaba.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungazami ukuqonda umbiko wena ngokwakho. Njalo mbonise udokotela wakho bese umcela imininingwane.
- Umbiko ongavamile awusona ukuphela komhlaba. Kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ohambweni oluya ekuxilongweni okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo.
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