Ingabe ukuhlanza igazi kuyinto embi kakhulu? Ake sifunde nge-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ibilokhu inesifo sohudo izinsuku ezimbalwa? Wonke umama nobaba bebengesaba uma bebona igazi elincane esitulweni sabo? Esikhathini esiningi, kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyisifo esibuhlungu esiswini, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, noma i-HUS ngamafuphi, isimo esibucayi esingase senzeke, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokutheleleka yi-bacterial E. coli. Ake sifunde ngalokhu kalula nangokunembile.

Kalula nje, iyini i-HUS?

Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Le migwaqo yilapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ethwala khona umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-HUS, amahlule egazi ayakheka bese evaleka emithanjeni yegazi emincane (ama-capillaries), ikakhulukazi ezinso . Kufana nombhobho wamanzi ovalwa ukungcola namanzi.

Uma imithambo yegazi ivalekile ngale ndlela, kwenzeka izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. I-Hemolytic Anemia: Amaseli abomvu egazi azama ukudlula emithanjeni yegazi evinjiwe ayabhajwa, achotshozwe, futhi aphuke. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni, okusho i-anemia.

2. Ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet (Thrombocytopenia): Lawa maseli amancane asiza ukugoba kwegazi asetshenziswa emaqeleni egazi akha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elijwayelekile lama-platelet egazini liyancipha.

3. Ukwehluleka Kwezinso: Ngenxa yokuthi izinso azitholi igazi elanele futhi imithambo yegazi yonakele, izinso azikwazi ukuhlunga kahle udoti emizimbeni yethu bese ziwukhipha njengomchamo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso okungazelelwe.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-HUS?

Esikhathini esiningi, cishe u-90% wesikhathi, i-HUS ibangelwa igciwane elibizwa nge-E. coli (Escherichia coli), elikhiqiza ubuthi obubizwa nge-Shiga toxin . Leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu ngokudla okungcolile, okungaphekiwe kahle noma ngamanzi angcolile.

Cabanga ngalesi simo. Udla endaweni yokudlela nomndeni wakho. Uma udla inyama yenkomo engaphekiwe kahle (ikakhulukazi inyama yenkomo egayiwe), ubisi noma ushizi ongaphekiwe, noma ilethisi noma imifino engagezwanga, ingaba namagciwane e-E. coli.

Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni, libangela ubuhlungu besisu kanye nohudo olumanzi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, lokhu kuba uhudo olunegazi.Ubuthi be-Shiga obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya bulimaza izindonga zamathumbu ethu futhi bubangele ukuphuma kwegazi. Lawa ma-toxin abe esengena egazini bese ehamba emzimbeni wonke, elimaza imithambo yegazi emincane ezinso. Yile ndlela i-HUS eqala ngayo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-HUS?

Yebo, i-HUS ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko.

• I-HUS "Ejwayelekile": Lolu uhlobo esibe sikhuluma ngalo kuze kube manje, oluvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane njenge-E. coli.
• I-HUS engavamile (aHUS): Lolu uhlobo olungavamile. Lubangelwa ukukhubazeka kofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lungazuzwa kubazali kubantwana. Laba bantu bangahlakulela i-HUS ngokuzumayo, noma ngabe banento efana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile.
• I-HUS yesibili: Lokhu kwenzeka njengomphumela wesinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. umdlavuza) noma imithi ethile (isib. imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-HUS? Itholakala kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-HUS zivame ukuvela ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, kuvela izimpawu ezihlobene nokutheleleka kwamathumbu. Bese kuba khona izimpawu ezingathi sína ezihlobene ne-HUS.

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu, kufanele niye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha .

• Uhudo oluhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
• Uhudo olunegazi.
• Uma inani lomchamo owukhiphayo lincipha kakhulu.
• Uma ingane iphaphathekile futhi ikhathele kakhulu.
• Uma umzimba uvuvukele.

Odokotela basiqinisekisa kanjani isimo se-HUS?

Udokotela okuxilongayo uzolalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese eyalela ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-HUS.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi kanye nama-platelet, kanye nokusebenza kwezinso (i-creatinine, i-urea, njll.).
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlola igazi noma amaprotheni emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Kuhlolwa amabhaktheriya afana ne-E. coli O157 endle.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinso: Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe ingxenye encane kakhulu yezinso futhi ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HUS?

I-HUS yisimo esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela . Asinakwelashwa ekhaya. Lezi yizindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezinikezwa esibhedlela.

1. Nikeza usawoti kanye nokudla okunempilo: Uhudo kanye nokuhlanza kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokukhipha amanzi nosawoti emzimbeni. Ukuvimbela lokhu, usawoti (i-IV fluids) unikezwa ngemithambo yegazi. Uma ungakwazi ukudla, ukudla okunempilo kunikezwa ngepayipi.

2. Ukumpontshelwa igazi nama-platelet:Igazi linikezwa uma inani lamaseli abomvu egazi liphansi kakhulu (i-anemia). Ama-platelet anikezwa futhi uma inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu futhi kunengozi yokopha.

3. I-Dialysis: Uma izinso zibuthakathaka kakhulu ukususa udoti emzimbeni, i-dialysis, umshini ohlanza igazi, iyadingeka. Lokhu kuvame ukuba inqubo yesikhashana. I-Dialysis ingamiswa lapho izinso ziqala ukusebenza futhi.

4. Imithi ekhethekile: Ezinhlobo ezingavamile njenge-HUS (aHUS) engavamile, kusetshenziswa imithi ekhethekile njenge -eculizumab noma i-ravulizumab .

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sigweme i-HUS?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-HUS ukunakekela izinto ezincane ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

• Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Pheka inyama, inhlanzi namaqanda kahle. Pheka inyama egayiwe, ikakhulukazi inyama egayiwe, ize iphekwe kahle ngaphakathi.
• Geza imifino eluhlaza, izithelo, kanye nelethisi kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
• Gwema ukuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe/olungaphekiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye neziphuzo zezithelo.
• Ungasebenzisi amabhodi okusika, imimese, noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa inyama eluhlaza noma inhlanzi ekudleni okuphekiwe. Geza bese uzihlanza kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa.
• Gwema ukubhukuda emachibini angcolile, emifuleni, nasemifudlaneni.
• Uma unesifo sohudo, gwema ukuya emachibini okubhukuda.

I-HUS iyisimo esesabekayo. Kodwa uma itholakale kusenesikhathi, yelashwa futhi yelashwa ngokushesha, abantu abangaphezu kuka-85% bayalulama ngokuphelele . Umonakalo wezinso uvame ukuba ngowesikhashana. Ngakho into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.