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Ungakwazi yini ukufundisa ukudlala? - Ukumodela Amavidiyo
Cabanga ngalesi simo. Kukhona amathoyizi kaBatman noRobin etafuleni. Uthisha ukhombisa ividiyo emfushane yomuntu ethatha la mathoyizi edlala ngawo endabeni enhle. Umfana omncane, oneminyaka engaba ngu-6 ubudala, ubukele le vidiyo ngentshisekelo enkulu. Une-autism.
Lapho ividiyo iphela, uthisha ushaya ikhanda lakhe ngothando bese emyisa etafuleni ephethe amathoyizi. Manje kulindeleke ukuthi adlale ngokusho izingxoxo ezifanayo nalezo azibonile kuvidiyo.
Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-Video Modeling . Ngokuvamile, izingane zidlala ngokuqamba izindaba ezingqondweni zazo bese zisebenzisa amathoyizi ngaleyo ndlela. Kodwa izingane ezine-autism azizalwa zinalelo khono. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zifundiswe ukuthi zingadlala kanjani ngaleyo ndlela. Umgomo uwukuqonda kancane kancane lo mqondo bese ekugcineni uzijwayeza ukudlala ngezinto ezingqondweni zazo, zisebenzisa umcabango wazo.
Kuyini lokhu 'Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusebenzayo (i-ABA)'?
Ukumodela amavidiyo kuyithuluzi elincane nje ekwelapheni i-autism. Konke lokhu kungokwendlela yokwelapha ebanzi ebizwa ngokuthi 'Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe' . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-ABA ngamafuphi. Yilokhu okwamukelwa njengamanje 'njengendinganiso yegolide' ekwelapheni i-autism emhlabeni jikelele.
Kalula nje, i-ABA iyindlela yokufundisa izingane izinto ezintsha nokuziphatha okuhle ngaphandle kokuzijezisa, isebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle okuqhubekayo . Uma ingane yenza okuthile kahle, iyavuzwa, idunyiswe, futhi iboniswe uthando. Lokhu kusiza ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwayo okungafanele (isib. ukuklabalasa, ukuzilimaza) futhi kwakha amakhono amahle okuxhumana nabantu kanye namakhono olimi.
Ngaphansi kwale ndlela yokwelapha , ingane ifundiswa izinto eziningi, kusukela kumakhono olimi ayisisekelo kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwezemfundo kanye nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi. Le khosi yenzelwe iminyaka kanye nekhono lengane.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile esibizwa ngokuthi 'Ukunaka Okuhlangene'
Enye into entsha ukuthuthukiswa komqondo 'wokunaka okuhlangene'. Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala esibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ubudlelwano nabanye. Cabanga nje, uma uvele ubheke ngefasitela uthi, "O... bheka leyo nyoni enhle," ingane evamile izovele ibheke lapho ubheke khona. Kodwa ingane ene-autism ivame ukungakunaki lokho. Ayinaki lokho okubhekayo noma lokho okucabangayo.
Lesi yisici esibalulekile se-autism. Ngakho-ke ukuze bathuthukise leli khono 'lokunaka okuhlangene', abelaphi basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, lapho umelaphi ebheka ithoyizi, bavula ithoyizi ngesilawuli kude kuphela uma ingane ilibuka. Ngemuva kwalokho ingane ifunda ukuthi lapho omunye umuntu ebheka, kwenzeka okuthile okuhle, kwenzeka okuthile okujabulisayo.
Nakuba lezi zingabonakala zizinto ezincane, zibalulekile ekwakheni amakhono okuxhumana nomntwana.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi?
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kuqalwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba ngcono . I-Autism ngokuvamile ingatholakala lapho umuntu eneminyaka eyi-18.
Ososayensi manje bazama ukubona ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kungayithola yini le nkinga esikhathini esizayo. Ezinye izifundo zithole umehluko omkhulu kumaprotheni athile kanye namaseli omzimba egazini lezingane ezine-autism kanye nalabo abangenayo.
Umqondo owodwa uwukuthi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungaqalwa, kodwa mhlawumbe uma kukhona into ebangela i-autism, ingavikela nengane. Kodwa lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo .
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-autism ayisona isifo esisodwa. Yisimo esiza ngamazinga ahlukene, esinezici ezahlukene. Yingakho ososayensi besebenzisa igama elithi 'Autisms' esikhundleni selithi 'Autism'. Ingane ngayinye ihlukile.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo
Uphawu olulodwa oluvamile olubonakala ezinganeni ezine-autism ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe. Eminye imithi isetshenziselwa ukulawula lezi zimpawu. Isibonelo, imithamo ephansi ye-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) njenge-Prozac iboniswe ukuthi iyathuthukisa lezi zindlela zokuziphatha.
Kodwa lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: imithi ayiyona yodwa indlela yokwelapha i-autism.Inikezwa kuphela ukulawula izimpawu ezithile ezithile zengane (isib. ukungahlaliseki ngokweqile, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe). Kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha , njengengxenye yendlela ehlanganisiwe, nangaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela oqeqeshiwe.
Thola umbono olula walezi zindlela zokwelapha kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Indlela Yokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA) | Ukufundisa ulimi, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye nokuziphatha okuhle ngokuqinisa okuhle kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa. |
| Ukumodela Amavidiyo | Ukufundisa indlela yokudlala, ukukhuluma, njll. ngokubonisa amavidiyo. |
| Ukuqeqeshwa 'kokunaka okuhlangene' | Ukujwayeza ingane ukunaka lokho abanye abakunakayo. |
| Imithi | Kuphela ngeseluleko sezokwelapha ukulawula izimpawu ezithile njengokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. |
| Ukuqeqeshwa Kabusha Kwezinzwa | Imizamo yokuthuthukisa amakhono olimi lobuchopho ngezinhlelo zekhompyutha. (Kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga) |
Ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kobuchopho?
Elinye ikusasa elithembisayo ngumqondo 'wokuqeqeshwa kabusha kwemizwa'. Ososayensi manje sebeyazi ukuthi ubuchopho bethu abusekelwe etsheni, kodwa buguquguquka kakhulu (ipulasitiki). Besebenzisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha, ubuchopho bezingane ezinokukhubazeka kolimi bungaqeqeshwa ukuze buqaphele ukukhuluma kangcono. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zamanje ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi zingasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezine-autism. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bazama ukudala izinhlelo ezilula ezifanele lezi zingane. Lezi zisesesigabeni socwaningo futhi zizofika esikhathini esizayo.
Qaphela izindlela zokwelapha ezingenasisekelo sesayensi!
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism, uyalingeka ukuba wenze noma yini. Abanye abantu, besebenzisa leli thuba, bangakutshela ngemithi "eyisimangaliso" engenasisekelo sesayensi futhi engenabufakazi .
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ukudla okukhethekile
- Ukunikeza i-hormone i-Secretin
- Izinto ezifana nokukhishwa kwe-mercury.
Akukho kulokhu okuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo ye-autism. Ngakho-ke, ungazami lezi zinto ngoba nje uzibona ku-inthanethi noma othile ekutshele ukuthi uzenze. Zingalimaza kakhulu ingane yakho kunokuyenza ibe nhle.
Njalo themba kuphela izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ocwaningweni ezifakazelwe ngokwesayensi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha bese ulandela indlela yokwelapha abayincomayo.
Izindlela ezifana ne-ABA azinakulindeleka ukuthi zinikeze impumuzo "emangalisayo" ngobusuku obubodwa. Kuyinto edinga umsebenzi wesikhathi eside nozinikele. Kodwa-ke, kuqinisekile ukuthi ingathuthukisa kakhulu izimpilo zalaba bantwana futhi ibanikeze amakhono abawadingayo ukuze basebenze kahle emphakathini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisona isifo, iyisimo sokukhubazeka kokukhula kwemizwa. Ingane ngayinye ihlukile.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko enganeni yakho, yiyise kudokotela wezifo zengqondo (isib., udokotela wezingane, udokotela wezifo zengqondo) ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba ngcono.
- Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA) kuyindlela yokwelapha efakazelwe ngokwesayensi, eyaziwayo futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu emhlabeni.
- Imithi isetshenziswa kuphela ukulawula izimpawu ezithile. Kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Ungalandeli izindlela zokwelapha "ezinomlingo" ezingezona ezesayensi ozithola ku-inthanethi noma kumazwana abantu. Njalo xhumana nodokotela wakho.
- Akudingeki ukuthi udlule kulolu hambo wedwa. Kukhona odokotela, abelaphi, namaqembu abazali abangakusiza. Ungesabi ukuxhumana nabo ukuze uthole usizo.
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