Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhathazekile lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism. Ungase uzibuze, "Ngenzenjani manje?" Kodwa ungesabi noma uzizwe unesizungu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo namuhla ezingasiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo , ukunciphisa izimpawu zayo, futhi zenze impilo yayo yansuku zonke ibe lula kakhulu. Imiphumela iba ngcono kakhulu uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaqalwa kusenesikhathi, njengasesikoleni sabantwana abancane. Kodwa akukephuzi kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa kungaqala kunoma yimuphi ubudala.
Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi ubheke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho usola ukuthi une-autism, kunokulinda udokotela ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho inayo (ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni). Ngoba kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kanye nokuqokwa kochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke izindlela zokwelapha ezithandwa kakhulu neziphumelelayo ezingasiza ingane ene-autism.
Ukwelapha Kokudlala
Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukudlala ngendlela ehluke kancane kunezinye izingane. Zingase zigxile engxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yethoyizi (njengamasondo emoto) kunokusebenzisa lonke ithoyizi. Futhi azenzi "ukulingisa" okuningi njengezinye izingane. Zingase zingathandi ngisho nokudlala nabanye.
Kodwa kubantwana abaningi abane- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ukudlala kuyindlela yokuveza imizwa yabo. Amathoyizi nezenzo zabo kungaba ngamazwi abo. Ngale ndlela yokwelapha ngokudlala, izingane zifunda izinto ezintsha futhi zakha ubudlelwano obunenjongo nabantu abadala kanye nezinye izingane.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa ngokudlala?
- Amakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nemizwa ayathuthuka.
- Kuyasiza ukucabanga ngendlela ehlukile.
- Amakhono olimi nokuxhumana ayathuthuka.
- Izindlela amathoyizi asetshenziswa ngazo kanye nendlela asebenzisana ngayo nabanye ziyanda.
| Indlela yokwelapha ngezemidlalo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isikhathi sokusebenza phansi | Lokhu kuhilela wena, uthisha, noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha, nihlala phansi nengane futhi nidlala nayo ngendlela efanayo edlala ngayo. Bese, ufaka okuthile okusha emdlalweni (njengethoyizi elihlukile noma igama). Umgomo ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana ngokwakha umdlalo ofana nengxoxo phakathi kwakho nengane. |
| Amaqembu Okudlala Ahlanganisiwe (ama-IPG) | Kulokhu, izingane ezine-autism kanye nezingane ezingenayo i-autism zihlanganiswa ukuze zakhe amaqembu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingane ezine-autism zingabuka lokho okwenziwa ezinye izingane, zizilingise, futhi zifunde ukudlala. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba elihle lokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu. |
| I-Jasper (i-JASPER) | Le ndlela isiza ingane ukuthi igxile ethoyizini nakumuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma lokhu 'kunaka okuhlangene' kukhula, kuba lula ukudlala nezinye izingane. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhuluma kwengane kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. |
Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi (OT)
Nakuba kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa 'okusebenza', akuphathelene nemisebenzi. Kuyasiza ngemisebenzi yengane yansuku zonke . Kalula nje, izinto ezifana nokubopha izinkinobho zehembe, ukubamba isipuni noma ifoloko kahle, ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo, njll. Kungahlanganisa nanoma yiliphi ikhono elidingekayo esikoleni, emsebenzini, noma ekudlaleni.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi ukusiza ingane ene-autism ukuthi iphile ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwenza imisebenzi yayo ekhaya nasesikoleni.
Udokotela wezokwelapha osebenza ngokuhlinzwa uhlola ingane ngokucophelela, ahlole ikhono layo lokwenza imisebenzi ehambisana nobudala bayo, bese ethuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene ngqo nengane futhi luhlangabezane nezidingo nemigomo yayo.
Yiziphi izinto ezingasiza ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha emsebenzini?
- Imisebenzi yansuku zonke: Izinto ezifana nokuqeqeshwa endlini yangasese, ukugqoka, ukuxubha amazinyo.
- Amakhono okunyakaza kahle: Izinto ezifana nokubamba ipensela nokubhala, ukusika ngesikele.
- Amakhono Okunyakaza Okuphelele : Ukuhamba, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukugibela ibhayisikili.
- Ukugcina ukuma, amakhono okuqonda: ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala kanye nezimo.
- Ukuqaphela umzimba: Ukuqonda umzimba wakho nendawo ezungezile.
- Amakhono afana nokudlala, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokuxhumana .
Ukuthuthukisa la makhono kusiza ingane ukuthi yakhe ubudlelwano nabanye, igxile emsebenzini, futhi ilawule imizwa yayo.
Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo
Izingane eziningi ezine-autism zinezinkinga ezinkulu ngokuxhumana okungenazwi, kanye nokukhuluma. Isibonelo, zingase zibe nobunzima bokubhekana emehlweni, ukushukuma ngezandla, nokulinda ithuba lazo lapho omunye umuntu ekhuluma. Yingakho ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa nge-autism.
Izinkinga ezivamile zokukhuluma nokuxhumana ezibonakala ku-autism zifaka:
- Angikhulumi nhlobo.
- Ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene (ukubhonga, ukuklabalasa).
- Ekhuluma ngenkathi ehlabelela ngendlela yomculo.
- Ukuphinda lokho okushiwo abanye (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `i-echolalia`).
- Ukhuluma njengerobhothi, ngaphandle kwemizwa, noma ngabe ukhuluma amagama nemisho.
- Ukungabheki emehlweni uma ukhuluma.
- Ukungaqondi incazelo eqondile yamagama.
Udokotela Wezifo Zolimi Lokukhuluma uzobona lezi zinkinga futhi anqume izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana engane. Bangase batuse nezinye izindlela uma ingane ingakhulumi.
- Ukuveza imibono usebenzisa izithombe.
- Ulwimi lwezandla.
- "Abakhulumi be-elekthronikhi".
Khumbula, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo akukhona nje ukuphimisela amagama. Kukufundisa nendlela yokusebenzisa ulimi ukuze uxhumane nabanye, uqhubeke nengxoxo, futhi uqonde ukubonakaliswa kobuso babanye abantu kanye nezwi labo. Uma lokhu kwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA)
Lena futhi indlela yokwelapha ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo. Kalula nje, uma ingane yenza okuthile okuhle, noma iziphatha ngendlela esiyilindele, sikhuthaza lokho kuziphatha ngokuyinika 'umvuzo'. Lo mvuzo ungaba ithoyizi eliyintandokazi, ukudla okulula okuncane, noma ukuncoma njengokuthi "Kuhle kakhulu."
Ngale ndlela, abazali baqeqeshwa nokusebenza nezingane zabo ekhaya ngale ndlela. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukuxhumana kwengane, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye nekhono lokwenza izinto eziningi, njengekhono layo lokusebenza. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha nge-ABA:
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwesilingo Esihlukile (i-DTT):Ukuziphatha noma ikhono kufundiswa ngokulihlukanisa ngezinyathelo ezilula kakhulu.
- Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Okujulile Kwasekuqaleni (i-EIBI): Lena indlela ye-ABA eyenzelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu.
- Ukwelashwa Kwempendulo Ebalulekile (i-PRT): Kugxila ezicini ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhula kwengane (isib., ukuzilawula, ukuthatha isinyathelo ezimweni zomphakathi).
- Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Kwamazwi (VBI): Umgomo uwukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma engane.
Ukugibela Ihhashi Okwelaphayo
Odokotela babiza lokhu nangokuthi "i-hippotherapy." Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ehlukile kancane, kodwa ewusizo kakhulu. Kuhilela ingane igibele ihhashi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Njengoba ihhashi lihamba, ingane kufanele ilinganisele umzimba wayo futhi isabele kuleyo ntshukumo. Kufana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu kuthuthukisa amakhono ezingane okuxhumana nabantu, futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungaphumuli kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-autism kusenesikhathi . Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho udokotela ethola ukuthi unesifo esingakanani. Uma unemibuzo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha bese ucela ukwelashwa.
- Akukho "ukwelashwa okukodwa okungcono kakhulu" okusebenza kahle kuwo wonke umntwana. Ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu enganeni ngayinye kungahluka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze unqume ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enganeni yakho.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kungathuthukisa izinto eziningi, njengokuxhumana kwengane, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
- Indima yakho njengomzali ibaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo. Ukusebenza nabelaphi kanye nokuzijwayeza lezi zinto ekhaya kungasiza ekwenzeni imiphumela iphumelele nakakhulu.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukucwaningisisile futhi ukuxoxe nodokotela owelapha ingane yakho.
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