Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho ihlukile kancane kwezinye izingane? Ingabe ayithandi ukuhlangana nabantu, ukukhuluma, noma ukudlala nabanye? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa igama elithi 'autism' lapho uya kudokotela. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona amagama anjenge- 'Asperger ' ngenkathi uphequlula i-inthanethi. Eqinisweni, abazali abaningi badidekile kakhulu ngenxa yala magama amaningi. Ingabe wonke lawa ayisifo esifanayo? Noma ingabe ayizinto ezahlukene? Ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Iyini ngempela i-'Autism Spectrum'?
Okokuqala, ake siqonde ukuthi igama elithi 'Spectrum' lisho ukuthini. Cabanga ngothingo. Uthingo alunawo nje umbala owodwa. Lunemibala eminingi efana nobomvu, i-orenji, ophuzi, nohlaza kuhlanganiswe ndawonye. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuthi umbala owodwa uphela kuphi kanti omunye uqala kuphi, akunjalo? I-Autism injalo.
Kalula nje, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) iyiqoqo lezinselelo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Lezi zinselelo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Izinselele zomphakathi : Ukungathandi ukuxhumana nabanye noma ukwenza abangane. Isibonelo, ukukhetha ukuba wedwa kunokudlala nabanye abantwana. Akabheki ubuso bomunye umuntu lapho ekhuluma. Unenkinga yokuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu (injabulo, ukudabuka).
2. Izinselele zokuxhumana: Ubunzima bokuxhumana nabanye. Abanye abantwana bangase bephuze ukukhuluma. Abanye bangase bakhulume kahle, kodwa abazi ukuthi bangayigcina kanjani ingxoxo. Esikhundleni sokusho abakufunayo, babamba isandla sikanina noma sikayise babahudule baye lapho bafuna ukuya khona. Abanye baphinda izinto ezifana nezikhangiso ku-TV.
3. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kanye nezintshisekelo ezilinganiselwe: Ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo nokubonisa intshisekelo encane kakhulu ezintweni. Isibonelo, ukudlala ngethoyizi elifanayo amahora amaningi. Bangase benze izinto ezifana nokuvayiza izingalo zabo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuhamba ngezinzwane zabo, noma ukuzungeza endaweni efanayo. Ezinye izingane zithanda ukudla uhlobo olufanayo lokudla.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zici azifani kuzo zonke izingane. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinselele ezincane kakhulu. Ezinye zingase zibe nezinselele ezinzima . Ezinye zingase zibe nokuthile okuphakathi. Yingakho sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-spectrum'.
Amagama asetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule kanye nezincazelo zawo
Namuhla, odokotela babiza zonke lezi zimo ngegama elifanayo, 'i-autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Kodwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, lezi zimo zazibizwa ngamagama amaningana ahlukene, kuye ngokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Ungase usabazwe abantu besebenzisa la magama amadala, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi asho ukuthini.
Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kuhlukaniswa okudala kwakunjani.
| Ithemu Elidala | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| I-Asperger's Syndrome | Lokhu kubhekwa njengesimo esincane kakhulu . Laba bantwana banobuhlakani obuphakathi noma obungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Banamakhono amahle olimi. Kodwa banezinselele ezinkulu ekuxhumaneni nabantu. Isibonelo, bangase babe nobunzima bokuqonda amahlaya noma ukufunda ukubonakaliswa kobuso. Bangase futhi bakhulume ngokungaphezi ngezihloko abazithandayo (isib. ama-dinosaur, izitimela). |
| Isifo Sokuthuthukiswa Esisakazekile - Akucacisiwe Kahle (PDD-NOS) | Leli igama eliyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kalula nje, ingane ine-autism, kodwa ayilula kangako ukubizwa ngokuthi 'u-Asperger', futhi ayinzima kangako ukubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Autistic Disorder'. Leli gama lalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezinganeni ezaziphakathi kwe- . |
| Isifo Sokuwohloka Kwengqondo | Lesi yisimo abantu abaningi ababesibiza ngokuthi 'i-autism'. Sihilela izinselele ezinkulu kuzo zonke izindawo ezintathu: ezenhlalo, ezokuxhumana, kanye nokuziphatha. |
| Isifo Sokuhlukana Kwabantwana | Yilokhu okwakukhona ku-spectrum.Uhlobo olungavamile nolunzima kakhulu lwalesi simo. Kulesi simo, ingane ikhula ngokujwayelekile ize ibe phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-4 ubudala, bese ilahlekelwa yiwo wonke amakhono ewafundile (inkulumo, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye nokudlala). Ngokuvamile, lezi zingane nazo ziba nesifo sokuwa. |
Pho kungani la magama engasetshenziswa manje?
Odokotela nabacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa alusizi kakhulu. Ngoba bonke laba bantwana banezinhlobo ezifanayo zezinselele, kodwa ngamazinga ahlukene. Ngakho-ke manje sebebafake bonke ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa, esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Lapho bexilonga , ingane manje ihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lokusekelwa elikudingayo.
Ingabe i-Rett Syndrome nayo iwuhlobo lwe-autism?
Lokhu kuyinkinga nakubantu abaningi. Esikhathini esidlule, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Rett Syndrome sasibhekwa njengesifo se-autism spectrum. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zaso zifana kakhulu neze-autism.
Kodwa manje isayensi isithuthukile. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi imbangela ye-Rett Syndrome ingukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthile. Lokho kusho ukuthi imbangela eqondile iyaziwa. Nge-autism spectrum disorder, imbangela eyodwa yezakhi zofuzo ayikatholakali. Ngakho-ke, i-Rett Syndrome ayisabhekwa njenge-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Kungani ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukubambezeleka ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, enkulumweni, noma ekukhuleni kwayo, ungakushayi indiva. Ungalindi nje uthi, "Kuzoba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi." Uma usheshe uqaphela isimo esinjengalesi, umphumela uba ngcono.
Ukuxilongwa akukhona ukufaka ilebula enganeni, kodwa kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi usizo ingane eludingayo.
Uma kutholakale ukuthi ingane inesifo, ingaqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Isibonelo:
- Ukwelapha ngenkulumo : Thuthukisa inkulumo.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Ukusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukudlala, nokufunda ngokuzimela.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha: Lawula ukuziphatha okungafanele futhi uthuthukise amakhono amahle.
Uma lokhu kwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi, kulapho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kobuchopho bengane. Ngakho-ke uma unokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ngengane yakho, sicelaFuna iseluleko kuDokotela Wezingane Ongumeluleki noma kuDokotela Wezifo Zengqondo Zezingane Nentsha . Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenzela ingane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ayisona isimo esisodwa. Inamazinga ahlukene, kusukela kokulula kuya kokunzima, njengemibala yothingo.
- Nakuba odokotela bengasasebenzisi amagama amadala njenge-Asperger's kanye ne-PDD-NOS, ukwazi incazelo yawo kungakunikeza ukuqonda okuthile.
- I-Rett Syndrome ayisona isifo esiwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-autism, njengoba manje sekutholakale ukuthi sibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula noma ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungakushayi indiva. Bonana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuyizipho ezinhle kakhulu ongamnika ingane yakho.
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