Uma uzwa igama elithi "cholesterol," yini efika engqondweni yakho? Esikhathini esiningi, yisifo esithinta abantu abadala nalabo abakhuluphele kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa ungase umangale ukuzwa ukuthi ngisho nomuntu osemusha, oneminyaka engu-20, angaba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okukhulu. Eqinisweni, amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol esemncane anzima kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo, futhi abantu abaningi abazi ngakho. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi sihloko esingalindelekile, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu.
UBrandon Wilson waqala ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo eneminyaka engu-29 ubudala. Ngolunye usuku, wezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni. Unina nomngane wakhe omkhulu bamphuthumisa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU). Kodwa ekuqaleni, odokotela babengakholwa ukuthi umuntu omncane kangaka angaba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kamuva, ukuhlolwa kwembula ukuthi uBrandon wayene-99% yokuvaleka komunye wemithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni yakhe. Wayenesifo esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu. Le ndaba isibonisa ukuthi i-cholesterol akuyona nje indaba yobudala.
Iyini i-cholesterol? Kungani ibalulekile kubantu abasha?
Kalula nje, i-cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha olubalulekile ekukhuleni kwamaseli emizimbeni yethu nasekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone athile. Kodwa izinkinga ziyavela uma iningi kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma nge-cholesterol, sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, akunjalo?
- I-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi". Uma ikhula, ingakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu, iyinciphe futhi iyivimbe. Lena imbangela eyinhloko yezifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- I-HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithwala i-cholesterol embi eningi isuka emithanjeni yegazi iye esibindini bese iyisusa emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-HDL kuhle enhliziyweni.
Intsha eningi icabanga ukuthi kufanele ikhathazeke nge-cholesterol uma ikhula. Kodwa lelo yiphutha elikhulu. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi noma amazinga akho e-cholesterol ephezulu, angase angakhombisi zimpawu uma usemusha. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungenza umonakalo omkhulu ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ingozi ye-cholesterol ezuzwe njengefa - I-Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
Ngokuvamile, i-cholesterol iyanda ngenxa yamaphutha endleleni yokuphila njengokudla esikudlayo kanye nokungazivocavoci. Kodwa-ke, i-Familial Hypercholesterolemia, noma i-FH ngamafuphi, iyisimo esihlukile.
I-FH yisimo esibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sidluliselwa esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye, sisuka kubazali siya ezinganeni. Abantu abanalesi simo banesimo lapho imizimba yabo ingakwazi ukususa kahle i-cholesterol embi ye-LDL egazini labo. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga abo e-LDL aphezulu kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-250 emhlabeni une-FH. Kodwa into edabukisayo ukuthi, iningi lalaba bantu alazi ukuthi banalesi simo.
| Isici | Izinga elijwayelekile le-cholesterol ephezulu | I-Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) |
|---|---|---|
| Isizathu | Ngokuyinhloko indlela yokuphila (ukudla, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile) | Iphutha lofuzo elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. |
| Amazinga e-LDL ("amabi") | Izinga lomuntu omdala lingaphansi kuka-190 mg/dL. | Kuphezulu kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni (ngokuvamile kungaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL kumuntu omdala). |
| Ukwelashwa | Ngokuvamile kungalawulwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Imithi inikezwa uma kudingeka. | Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela akwanele. Ukuthatha imithi (isib. ama-statin) kuyadingeka ngempela. |
| Ithonya lomndeni | Amalungu omndeni nawo angase abe nengozi, kodwa ayizuzwanga ngokuqondile ngofuzo. | Amalungu omndeni aseduze (abazali, izingane zakubo, izingane) asengozini engu-50%. |
Kufanele uhlole nini izinga lakho le-cholesterol?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu, ngoba azikho izimpawu, futhi lokhu kungatholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa.
Odokotela bavame ukuncoma:
- Ezinganeni: Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kunconywa phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-11. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-5. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini eye waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esemncane noma ene-cholesterol ephezulu, udokotela angase atuse ukuthi kuhlolwe amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho kusukela ineminyaka engu-2 ubudala .
- Kwabantu abadala abasebasha: Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola i-cholesterol yakho okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-5 ngemva kweminyaka engama-20. Njengoba ukhula (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-55 kwabesifazane, ngemva kweminyaka engama-45 kwabesilisa), lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe kaningi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uhlolwa njengoba encoma. Ungacabangi nje ukuthi, "Mhlawumbe anginawo u-cholesterol ophezulu."
Uma une-FH, ingabe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa azanele?
Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga e-FH namazinga ajwayelekile e-cholesterol. Uyakhumbula indaba kaBrandon esikutshele ngayo ngaphambili? Watholakala ene-FH eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, unina wamnika ukudla okunempilo, okune-cholesterol ephansi. Wayedlala ezemidlalo, ekhuthele. Wenza konke "kahle." Eminyakeni yakhe yama-20, udokotela wamfaka umuthi wokwehlisa i-cholesterol (i-statin).
Kodwa noma kunjalo, waba nesifo senhliziyo eneminyaka engu-29.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Ukudla okuhle kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu one-FH. Kodwa lezo zinto zodwa azikwazi ukulawula amazinga e-cholesterol. Ngoba inkinga ayikho endleleni yokuphila, kodwa isemajenjini. Ngakho-ke, umuntu one-FH nakanjani kuzodingeka athathe umuthi owodwa noma eminingi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol impilo yakhe yonke .
"Asifuni ukulahlekelwa abantu ngenxa ye-FH ngoba sinazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha esizidingayo namuhla. Okudingeka sikwenze nje ukuyibona kusenesikhathi, sisebancane."
Ngingaba ne-FH nami? Ngingazi kanjani?
Uma othile emndenini wakho (abazali, izingane zakini, ogogo nomkhulu) eke waba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi esemncane (amadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engu-55, abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65) , lokho kuyimbangela enkulu yengozi.
Futhi, uma umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ubonisa amazinga e-LDL angaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL (noma ngaphezu kuka-160 mg/dL enganeni), kungaba uphawu oluqinile lwe-FH.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza:
1. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha: Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngomlando wempilo yomndeni wakho.
2. Buza umndeni wakho: Buza izihlobo zakho nge-cholesterol nesifo senhliziyo.
3.Bheka udokotela ochwepheshe: Uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo.
4. Yazisa umndeni wakho: Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-FH, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi abazali bakho, abafowenu nodadewenu, kanye nezingane zakho nabo bazoba nayo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu ahlolwe .
UBrandon manje uhlala ngenjabulo nezingane zakhe ezinhlanu. Indodakazi yakhe nayo itholakale ine-FH. Kodwa uBrandon uthi, "Ngiyazi ukuthi indodakazi yami ngeke ibe nezinkinga." Ngoba manje sebeyazi ukuthi lesi sifo siyini nokuthi benzeni ngaso. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungasindisa impilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cholesterol akuyona inkinga yabantu asebekhulile kuphela. Intsha nezingane nazo zisengozini.
- Thola ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane. Lolo ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, hlola amazinga e-cholesterol akho nawezingane zakho ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Uma une-FH yofuzo, akwanele ukudla kahle nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Udinga futhi ukuthatha imithi impilo yakho yonke.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa kahle, ungagwema izinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol futhi uphile impilo enempilo. I-FH ayisona isiqinisekiso sokufa.
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