Wake wambona umntwana okwazi ukufunda kahle futhi okwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela, kodwa onqikaza kancane ukujoyina abangane nokuxoxa? Abanye abazali bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kungamahloni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nesizathu sezokwelapha salokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-High-Functioning Autism", kodwa empeleni sinencazelo ebanzi.
Iyini ngempela "i-Autism Esebenza Kakhulu"?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyisho ukuthi 'i-High-Functional Autism' akuyona inkinga yezokwelapha esemthethweni. Yigama elingakahleleki esilisebenzisa engxoxweni yansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza abantu abakwaziyo ukwenza amakhono okuphila ayisisekelo njengokukhuluma, ukubhala, ukufunda, ukudla, ukuzigqokisa, ngisho nokuphila ngokuzimela.
Ngokwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Kalula nje, i-autism iyisifo sokuthuthukiswa esihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho. Igama elithi 'spectrum' libaluleke kakhulu lapha. Cabanga ngalo njengothingo. Njengothingo olunemibala ehlukene, ubukhali bezimpawu kubantu abane-ASD buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu. Amazinga e-intelligence quotient (IQ) nawo angahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.
Esikhathini esidlule, ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1990, i-autism yayitholakala kuphela kubantu abanezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Kodwa kamuva, kwabonakala nezinhlobo ezincane zalesi simo. Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa nge- Asperger 's Syndrome . Futhi kuyisimo esithambile.
Kodwa ngo-2013, i-American Psychiatric Association yabeka zonke lezi zifo ezihlobene ne-autism ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Ngakho-ke manje usuyazi, noma sithi "i-High-Functioning Autism" kanye ne-"Asperger's," zonke ziyingxenye yesigaba esibanzi se -ASD .
Yiziphi izici zomuntu one-ASD (i-High-Functional Autism)?
Njengawo wonke umuntu osebenzisa i-ASD spectrum, inselele enkulu kulabo esibabiza ngokuthi 'Ukusebenza Okuphezulu' ubudlelwano bomphakathi kanye nokuxhumana.
- Ubuthakathaka emakhonweni okuxhumana nabantu: Banobunzima bokuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu, isimo sobuso,, Kunzima ukuqonda izincazelo ezifakwe emazwini (izinkomba zomphakathi). Ngakho-ke, ukwenza abangane kungaba nzima. Cabanga ngokuya ephathini lokuzalwa, kuyilapho ezinye izingane zidlala ndawonye, ingane ene-ASD ingase ime yodwa eceleni. Lokhu akusikho ngoba ayikuthandi, kodwa ngoba ayikwazi ukuthola ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani naleso simo sezenhlalo. Iphinde inciphise ukubheka emehlweni futhi ihlanganyele engxoxweni encane engadingekile.
- Imikhuba Ephindaphindayo Neyemingcele: Bathanda kakhulu inqubo kanye nokuhleleka. Abathandi ngisho nokushintsha kancane. Isibonelo, kufanele bathathe indlela efanayo eya esikoleni nsuku zonke, kufanele babeke amathoyizi abo ngokulandelana okufanayo. Bangase babe nemikhuba ephindaphindayo. Isibonelo, bashaya izandla zabo, bagxumagxuma beya phambili naphambili.
- Isithakazelo Esikhethekile: Bangase babe nesithakazelo esikhulu esihlokweni esithile, njengama-dinosaur, izitimela, noma imidlalo yevidiyo, futhi bangase balingeke ukuba bakhulume ngalokho kuphela.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu one- ASD unesiphiwo esingakanani kwezemfundo, inselele bonke abafana ngayo yilezi zindlela zokuxhumana ezingathuthuki kahle.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi simo?
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuze kutholakale i-ASD. Odokotela bavame ukwenza ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwengane kanye nokukhula kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingane ivame ukubona izimpawu ze-ASD isenezinyanga ezingu-18 ubudala. Lapho ineminyaka engu-2 ubudala, uchwepheshe angase enze ukuxilongwa okuqondile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezimpawu ezincane, ukuxilongwa kungase kwenziwe kamuva kakhulu, mhlawumbe lapho isencane noma isikhulile.
Inqubo yokuxilonga ingane ene-ASD inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Izinyathelo zokuxilonga | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuqapha Intuthuko | Abazali nodokotela bazoqhubeka nokuqapha intuthuko yengane ndawonye. Bazohlola ukuthi ingane ifinyelela yini izigaba zokukhula ezifanele iminyaka yayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola lokhu ngokukhuluma nokudlala nengane yakho. |
| 2. Ukuhlolwa Kokuthuthukiswa | Lokhu kujule kancane. Kunaka kakhulu ukunyakaza kwengane, ukucabanga, ukuziphatha, imizwa, kanye namakhono olimi. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukunconywa uma ingane inezinyanga ezingu-9, 18, kanye no-30. |
| 3. Ukuxilongwa Kokuthuthukiswa | Uma ukuhlolwa kwembula noma yiziphi izinkinga, udokotela uzothumela ingane kuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungaba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane, isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma, noma udokotela wezingane othuthukayo. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni futhi banqume ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingane inayo yini i-ASD. |
Indlela yokuxilonga izifo kubantu abadala
Ukuthola i-ASD kubantu abadala kuhlukile kancane. Udokotela uzokhuluma ngempilo yakho yamanje, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo , ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe, izinto ozithandayo, kanye nezinselele obhekene nazo. Bangase bakubuze nangobuntwana bakho. Ungase ufune nokubuza umzali noma umfowenu ngakho.
I-ASD kanye nempilo yesikole/yomsebenzi
Izifundo zithole ukuthi intsha ene-ASD inamathuba amaningi okukhetha izifundo ze-STEM (iSayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela, kanye nezibalo) ekolishi. Izingane ezine-ASD ezinobuhlakani obujwayelekile nazo zivame ukuba ngcono ezibalweni kunezinye izingane ezinobuhlakani obufanayo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yamakhono akhethekile okuhlela kanye nekhono lokubona amaphethini abantu abane-ASD abanawo.
Kodwa naphezu kwala mathalente, ukungasebenzi kwabantu abane-ASD kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-2021, ama-85% abantu abadala abane-ASD babengasebenzi.
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu yizinselele ababhekana nazo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zomsebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ASD ithinta amakhono okuxhumana nabantu , bangase bangabi namakhono okuxoxa adingekayo ngesikhathi sengxoxo. Ngisho noma benawo wonke amakhono adingekayo emsebenzini, umuntu oxoxa naye angase abe nobandlululo kuye.
Kodwa naphezu kwalezi zinselele, abantu abaningi abane-ASD bayaqhubeka nokufinyelela amazinga aphezulu emisebenzini yabo. I-Temple Grandin iyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Unomsebenzi oyingqayizivele wokuklama izinhlelo zokulawula izilwane.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma benikezwa ukwesekwa nethuba elifanele, abantu abane-ASD bangenza umehluko omkhulu emhlabeni ngamakhono abo ahlukile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- "I-Autism Esebenza Kakhulu" akuyona igama elisemthethweni lezokwelapha. Igama elifanele yi -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) .
- Lokhu kuwuhlobo oluthile, okusho ukuthi izimpawu kanye nobunzima bazo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.
- Inselelo enkulu amakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuxhumana. Le nselele ingaba khona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesiphiwo esingakanani sokuhlakanipha.
- Uma unenkinga ngengane yakho noma ngawe, ungasekeli izinqumo zakho ezivivinyweni eziku-inthanethi noma kulokho abanye abakushoyo. Hlala ucela iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha ofanelekayo.
- Ngokuhlonza okufanele, ukwesekwa, nokuqonda, noma ubani one-ASD angaphila impilo ephumelelayo neyanelisayo.
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