Ayini ama-hormone? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezenzeka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele? Ukuphefumula kwakho, ukugaya kwakho ukudla, imizwa yakho yenjabulo nokudabuka, konke lokhu kubangelwa yizithunywa ezincane. Sibiza lawo ma-hormone ezithunywa ngokuthi. Afana nemiyalezo eyimfihlo emizimbeni yethu, ehamba esuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye, esitshela ukuthi, 'Yenza lokhu, yenza lokhu.' Ngakho-ke, ingabe sizokhuluma ngala ma-hormone amangalisayo namuhla?

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi hormone?

Kalula nje, ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Ahamba emizimbeni yethu yonke ngegazi lethu, etshela izitho zethu ezahlukene, isikhumba, nemisipha ukuba zenze lokhu nalokhuya. Cabanga ukuthi ukube imizimba yethu yayiyinkampani enkulu, ama-hormone abeyoba njengabaphathi bayo, aqondise konke.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ososayensi sebethole izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zama-hormone emizimbeni yethu! Lawa ma-hormone abalulekile empilweni yethu nasempilweni yethu. Ndawonye, ​​lawa kanye nezindlala eziwakhiqizayo zakha uhlelo lwethu lwe-endocrine . Lolu hlelo lulawula izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-Metabolism: Lena inqubo yokuguqula ukudla esikudlayo kube amandla.
• I-Homeostasis: Lokhu kusho ibhalansi emzimbeni (isib. umfutho wegazi, izinga likashukela, izinga lokushisa komzimba).
• Ukukhula nentuthuko: Sikhula kusukela ebuntwaneni.
• Umsebenzi wobulili kanye nokuzala.
• Umjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka: Silala ebusuku bese sivuka ekuseni.
• Isimo Sengqondo: Imizwa efana nokuthi sizizwa sijabule noma sidabukile.

Kuyamangalisa ukucabanga ukuthi la makhemikhali amancane angenza lukhulu kangakanani! Endabeni yama-hormone, ngisho namanani amancane kakhulu angaba nomthelela omkhulu. Yingakho ngisho nezinguquko ezincane emazingeni ama-hormone zingabangela izinguquko ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu, ngezinye izikhathi zize zibangele nezifo ezidinga ukwelashwa.

Ngakho-ke la ma-hormone asebenza kanjani emzimbeni?

Kulungile, manje sesiyazi ukuthi ama-hormone ayizithunywa. Ngakho-ke le miyalezo ithunyelwa kanjani? Ubani ozwa le miyalezo?

Nokho, ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali . Athonya futhi aphathe amakhulu ezinqubo emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuvamile, inqubo eyodwa emzimbeni idinga umnikelo wama-hormone amaningana. Njengezixhumanisi ezikuchungechunge, i-hormone eyodwa ithumela umlayezo kwenye, nayo ethumela umlayezo kwenye, njalo njalo.

Manje, ukuze i-hormone ithinte ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba kuphela, kufanele "ibe yinto efanele." Okusho ukuthi, amaseli asezicutshini i-hormone ewahlaselayo (kungaba isitho, kungaba izicubu zamafutha) kumele abe "nama-receptor" akhethekile angamukela umyalezo we-hormone. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi i-hormone iyisihluthulelo, futhi amaseli akulezo zicutshungulo anjengezihluthulelo ezenzelwe ukulingana naleyo khiye.Njengoba nje isihluthulelo singavula umnyango kuphela uma singena kukhiye, i-hormone ingasebenza kuphela uma ingena ku-receptor. Yilapho-ke i-hormone ithumela khona umlayezo ewulethile, itshela lowo muntu ukuthi enze okuthile. Uyaqonda?

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kulula kakhulu, lokhu kuyindlela emangalisayo! "I-switch" esebenza ku-hormone ngayinye isendaweni yayo ehambisanayo. Yingakho i-hormone eyodwa yenza kuphela lokho okufanele ikwenze, ngaphandle kokuthinta umzimba wonke.

Imizimba yethu isebenzisa ama-hormone ngezindlela ezimbili ukuxhumana.

1. Indlela yokuqala ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindlala ezimbili ze-endocrine: Indlala eyodwa ikhipha i-hormone, bese iqhubeka nokukhuthaza enye indlala ukuthi ishintshe amazinga e-hormone eyikhiphayo. Isibonelo esihle ubudlelwano phakathi kwendlala yakho ye-pituitary kanye nendlala yakho ye-thyroid . Indlala ye-pituitary ikhipha okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi i-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) . Le TSH iqhubeka nokutshela indlala ye-thyroid ukuthi "ikhulule ama-hormone akho."

2. Indlela yesibili ukuxhumana phakathi kwendlala ye-endocrine nesitho esiqondiwe: Isibonelo, i-pancreas yakho ikhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin . Le insulin iya emisipheni yakho nasesibindini, izisize ukuthi zisebenzise uhlobo loshukela olubizwa ngokuthi i-glucose .

Lena indlela ama-hormone asebenza ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Kufana nenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi, akunjalo?

Ubani owenza la ma-hormone abalulekile? Akhiqizwa kuphi?

Izindawo eziyinhloko emzimbeni wethu ezenza ama-hormone yizindlala zesimiso se-endocrine . Ake sibheke ngokushesha ezinye zazo kanye nemisebenzi yazo eyinhloko:

I-Hypothalamus

Itholakala ebuchosheni, le ndlala ilawula indlala ye-pituitary futhi ikhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne -oxytocin (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hormone yothando).

Indlala Ye-Pituitary

Le 'gland eyinhloko' etholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile, njenge -growth hormone (GH) , futhi ilawula nezinye izindlala.

I-Pineal Gland

Le hormone ebuchosheni ikhiqiza i-melatonin futhi ilawula umjikelezo wethu wokulala nokuvuka.

Indlala Yegilo

Le ndlala entanyeni ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid (T3, T4) futhi ilawula ukugaywa komzimba wethu, okungukuthi, izinga esisebenzisa ngalo amandla.

Izindlala ze-Parathyroid

Lezi zindlala, ezitholakala ngemuva kwe-thyroid, zikhiqiza i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) ukuze kugcinwe amazinga e-calcium egazini kanye nempilo yamathambo.

Izindlala Ze-Adrenal

Lezi zindlala, ezitholakala ezinso, zikhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne -cortisol ( i-hormone ephendula ekucindezelekeni) kanye ne-adrenaline (i-hormone esebenza ezimweni eziphuthumayo).

I-Pancreas

Le ndlala esiswini inesibopho sokwenza i-insulin ne -glucagon kanye nokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.

Ama-ovary

Lezi zindlala kwabesifazane zikhiqiza ama-hormone okuzala njenge- estrogen ne -progesterone .

Amasende (Amasende)

Lokhu emadodeni kukhiqiza i-hormone eyinhloko yesilisa, i-testosterone .

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlala, kunezinye izindawo ezingezona ezohlelo lwe-endocrine, kodwa ezenza ama-hormone:

• Izicubu zamafutha: Amafutha emzimbeni akhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne -leptin , athinta isifiso sokudla.
• Izinso: Zikhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne -erythropoietin, esiza ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. I-Vitamin D (empeleni eyi-prohormone) nayo iyasebenza lapha.
• Isibindi: Sikhiqiza i-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), ehlobene nokukhula.
• Amathumbu: Kukhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne -ghrelin kanye ne-glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) , alawula indlala kanye nesifiso sokudla.
• I-Placenta: Ikhiqiza ama-hormone okugcina ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Bheka ukuthi zingaki izindawo emizimbeni yethu ezikhiqiza futhi zikhiphe lezi zithunywa ezibizwa ngama-hormone! Siphilile ngoba zonke lezi zinto zisebenza ngokuxhumana okuphelele.

Kwenzekani uma kunezinkinga ze-hormone?

Uma kukhona ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa kwala ma-hormone abalulekile, okungukuthi, uma kukhona 'ukungalingani kwama-hormone' , kungavela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene futhi kungavela izinkinga zempilo. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa. Ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nama-hormone yilezi:

• Isifo Sikashukela: Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu inkinga ngokusebenza noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone insulin. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 , isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa .
• Isifo se-thyroid: Lokhu kufaka phakathi amazinga aphansi e-hormone ye-thyroid ( hypothyroidism ) kanye namazinga aphezulu e-hormone ye-thyroid ( hyperthyroidism ).
• Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile: Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimo ezifana ne- polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , ukungabikho kokuya esikhathini ngokuphelele ( i-amenorrhea ), kanye nokuntuleka kwe-ovulation ( i-anovulation) .
• Ukungazali kwabesifazane kanye nokungazali kwabesilisa: ikakhulukazi amazinga aphansi e-testosterone kwabesilisa (I-Hypogonadism (i-Hypogonadism).
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lokhu kungaphinde kuthinteke ukungalingani kwama-hormone.

Kunezinye izimo eziningi ezinjengalezi ezibangelwa izinkinga zamahomoni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka noma yini engavamile noma ehlukile emzimbeni wakho.

Kungani lokhu kungalingani kwama-hormone kwenzeka?

Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zesifo ngasinye sama-hormone. Kodwa ngokuvamile, nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungalingani kwama-hormone:

• Izimila, ama-adenoma, noma ezinye izimila: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungakhula ngaphakathi noma eduze kwezindlala ze-endocrine futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.
• Ukulimala noma ukulimala kwendlala ye-endocrine.
• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Yilapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona izindlala zethu ze-endocrine.
• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa: Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zamahomoni zingabangelwa izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinto ezifana nemithi ethile, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, kanye nokuguga nakho kungathinta amazinga ama-hormone.

Ubani owelapha isifo esihlobene nama-hormone?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yama-hormone, kufanele uqale ubonane nodokotela womndeni wakho (umhlinzeki wezempilo oyinhloko/udokotela) . Angaxilonga futhi elaphe izimo eziningi zama-hormone futhi akusize uzilawule.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungazuza kakhulu ngokubona udokotela we-endocrinologist . Udokotela we-endocrinologist ungudokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene nama-hormone (i-endocrinology) . Angakwazi ukuxilonga lezi zifo ezihlobene nama-hormone, athuthukise izinhlelo zokwelapha, futhi akunikeze imithi uma kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela womndeni wakho ebona ukuthi kuyadingeka, uzokudlulisela kudokotela we-endocrinologist.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla?

Kalula nje, ama-hormone abalulekile empilweni yethu. Imizimba yethu ivame ukuzama ukugcina ibhalansi eqaphile yala ma-hormone. Kodwa-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile i-hormone iba phansi kakhulu noma iphezulu kakhulu, ingabangela izinkinga zempilo .

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko ezingavamile emzimbeni wakho, ungakuzibi. Ngokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela bese ukhuluma ngakho. Ngemuva kwalokho angenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze abone ukuthi une-hormone ekungalingani ngempela, noma kukhona esinye isizathu salezi zimpawu. Uma uzibona kusenesikhathi, izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa kalula. Uma sifuna ukuhlala siphilile, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuthi siqaphele lezi zithunywa ezincane, akunjalo?

'Ama-hormone, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, ukungalingani kwama-hormone, isifo sikashukela, i-thyroid, impilo