Wake watshelwa udokotela ukuthi i-potassium yakho egazini iphezulu kancane, qaphela ukuthi udlani futhi uphuzani? Noma ingabe i-potassium iyindaba exoxwa njalo ngoba othile emndenini wakho unesifo sezinso? Iningi lethu likhathazekile ngokunciphisa ukudla kwethu i-sodium, kodwa asicabangi kakhulu ngalesi sakhi esibalulekile. Kodwa uma umzimba wethu une-sodium eningi kakhulu, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperkalemia, ngezinye izikhathi singavela buthule futhi sibangele isimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.
Kuyini i-Hyperkalemia?
Kalula nje, i-hyperkalemia ilapho izinga le-potassium egazini lakho liphakeme kunokuvamile.
Cabanga nge-potassium njengomqhubi omncane kagesi emizimbeni yethu. Kufana nohlelo lwezintambo emakhaya ethu. Odokotela babiza lawa ma-electrolyte ngokuthi. Lawa ngamaminerali adala ngokwemvelo ishaja kagesi lapho incibilikiswa emanzini noma uketshezi olufana negazi lethu. Le electrolyte, i-potassium, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemizimba yethu.
Yini ewusizo nge-potassium emizimbeni yethu?
- Kusiza imisipha ukuthi ifinyele futhi iphumule: Uma sishukumisa izitho zethu, sihamba, futhi inhliziyo yethu ishaya, konke lokhu kudinga umsebenzi wemisipha. I-Potassium iyasiza kulokhu.
- Ithwala imiyalezo yezinzwa: I-Potassium isiza ekuthwaleni imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni emzimbeni wonke futhi idlulisele imizwa evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba iye ebuchosheni.
- Iletha izakhamzimba emaseli futhi isuse imfucuza: I-Potassium idlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni izigidigidi zamaseli emzimbeni wethu ukuthi amunce izakhamzimba azidingayo futhi asuse imfucuza ayikhiqizayo.
- Ilawula umfutho wegazi: I-Potassium iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukwanda komfutho wegazi okubangelwa usawoti (i-sodium) esiwudlayo.
Kwenzekani ngempela uma amazinga e-potassium enyuka?
Imizimba yethu ithola i-potassium ekudleni esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo. Ngokuvamile, izinso ezimbili kumuntu ophilile zisebenza njengezihlungi ezimbili eziphumelelayo . Lezi zinso zigcina inani le-potassium elidingwa ngumzimba futhi zikhipha okungaphezulu ngomchamo.
Kodwa ake ucabange uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngalesi sihlungi? Uma lokho kwenzeka, i-potassium eyengeziwe eqongeleleka emzimbeni ayikwazi ukukhishwa bese iqala ukuqongeleleka egazini. Lokhu kuqongeleleka kwe-potassium egazini yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hyperkalemia.
Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-potassium egazini ayingozi kakhulu ezinhliziyweni zethu. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubuhlungu besifuba obusheshayo, futhi kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ngisho nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Esikhathini esiningi, asiboni kalula ukuthi amazinga ethu e-potassium aphezulu. Yingakho kungaba yisitha esithule.
Liyini izinga le-potassium elinempilo?
Izinga elijwayelekile le-potassium egazini lomuntu omdala kufanele libe phakathi kwama-millimoles angu-3.5 no-5.0/ilitha (mmol/L).
- I-Hyperkalemia yenzeka lapho leli zinga lidlula i-5.5 mmol/L.
- Izinga le-potassium elingaphezu kuka-6.5 mmol/L liyisimo esibucayi esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, njengoba leli zinga lingabangela umonakalo omkhulu enhliziyweni.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-potassium ephezulu?
Ezimweni eziningi, uma izinga lakho le-potassium liphakeme kancane (i-Mild Hyperkalemia), ungase ungabi nazimpawu. Noma, noma ngabe unezimpawu, zingase zibe zivamile kangangokuthi asizinaki kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu azivamile ukuvela ngokuzumayo, futhi ziyanda kancane kancane ngemva kwamasonto noma izinyanga.
Kodwa uma amazinga e-potassium eba phezulu ngendlela eyingozi, angathinta inhliziyo futhi abangele izimpawu ezisheshayo, ezinzima nezisongela ukuphila.
Ake sichaze lokhu kabanzi ngethebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezincane |
|
| Izimpawu eziyingozi nezinzima |
|
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma unezimpawu ezibucayi, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha. Lokhu akuyona into ongayilapha ekhaya.
Kungani la mazinga e-potassium enyuka? Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko?
Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hyperkalemia yisifo sezinso . Abantu abanesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) basengozini enkulu. Uma izinso zonakele, azikwazi ukuhlunga kahle imfucuza (kufaka phakathi i-potassium eningi) egazini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-potassium inqwabelane egazini.
Ngaphezu kwesifo sezinso, lezi zinto zingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-potassium:
- Ukudla okucebile nge-potassium: Yidla njalo ukudla okune-potassium eningi, njengobhanana, amawolintshi, notamatisi, bese uthatha izithasiselo eziqukethe i-potassium.
- Imithi ethile: Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo yomfutho wegazi ophakeme (isib. i-ACE inhibitors, ama-ARB) kanye neminye imithi yokubulala izinhlungu, ingaphazamisa ikhono lezinso lokukhipha i-potassium. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi oyiphuzayo.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa singalimaza izinso. Futhi, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kungabangela amazinga aphezulu e-potassium.
- Isifo sika-Addison: Lesi yisimo esihlobene nama-hormone.
- Kushisa endaweni enkulu yomzimba.
- Ezinye izifo zofuzo: Lezi azivamile kakhulu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo asithelelani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu one-hyperkalemia akakwazi ukusidlulisela komunye umuntu.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Njengoba ngokuvamile ingenazo izimpawu ezithile, ungathola kuphela ukuthi izinga lakho le-potassium liphezulu uma uhlolwa igazi ngesinye isizathu.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum Potassium: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okungalinganisa ngokunembile inani le-potassium egazini lakho.
2. I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Njengoba amazinga aphezulu e-potassium angathinta inhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase aku-ode i-EKG. Lokhu kuwukuqoshwa komsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Uma amazinga e-potassium ephezulu, izinguquko ezithile zingabonakala kule EKG. Lokhu kungasiza ekuhloleni ukuthi kungakanani umonakalo owenziwe enhliziyweni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha amazinga aphezulu e-potassium?
Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperkalemia kuncike ekutheni izinga lakho le-potassium liphakeme kangakanani, ukuthi libangelwe yini, nokuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Imithi yokuhlanza | Ngolimi lwethu, abizwa ngokuthi “amaphilisi amanzi.” Le mithi ikwenza uchame kaningi. Umchamo uphinde ukhiphe i-potassium ne-sodium eningi emzimbeni wakho. |
| Ukuphathwa kwemithi | Uma amazinga akho e-potassium ephezulu ngenxa yomunye umuthi owuthathayo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuyeka umuthi, ashintshe umthamo, noma akunike omunye umuthi esikhundleni salokho. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho kuqala. |
| Izihlanganisi zePotassium | Le mithi isebenza ngokubamba i-potassium eningi emgudwini wokugaya ukudla bese iyisusa emzimbeni endle. Iyanconywa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehluleka ukulawula amazinga e-potassium. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-intravenous (IV) | Uma izinga le-potassium liphezulu kakhulu, liphezulu ngendlela eyingozi, isibhedlela sizokunikeza imithi (njenge -saline ) ngomthambo. Okokuqala, uzonikezwa i-calcium gluconate ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzonikezwa i-insulin yokuhambisa i-potassium egazini lakho iye emangqamuzaneni akho. |
| I-Dialysis | Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi noma unenkinga yezinso, ungadinga i-dialysis. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini, njengenso yokwenziwa, ukuhlanza igazi lakho nokususa i-potassium eningi. |
Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela nokulawula amazinga aphezulu e-potassium?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-hyperkalemia ukunakekela impilo yezinso zakho nokunciphisa inani le-potassium oyithathayo emzimbeni wakho.
Ukudla Okune-Potassium Ephansi
Uma usengozini yokuthola i-hyperkalemia, kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla okune-potassium ephansi. Kungadingeka ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele noma unciphise ukudla okune-potassium eningi. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla ngalokhu bese udala uhlelo lokudla olukufanele.
Ukudla okufanele kuncishiswe noma kugwenywe ngoba kugcwele i-potassium:
- Izithelo ezomisiwe: ama-prunes, ama-apricot omisiwe, amadethi
- Ezinye izithelo ezintsha: ubhanana, ikhabe, amawolintshi, ama-tangerines, ama-nectarine
- Eminye imifino: isipinashi, utamatisi, amazambane, ubhatata, amakhowe, ukwatapheya
- Isosi likatamatisi ne-ketchup
- Ezinye inyama: inyama yenkomo, inhlanzi (ikakhulukazi i-salmon, i-tuna)
- Izinto ezithatha indawo kasawoti eziqukethe i-potassium : Abanye abantu basebenzisa lokhu esikhundleni sikasawoti. Funda ilebula elisephaketheni.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi zonke izithelo nemifino ziqukethe i-potassium. Ngakho-ke ungayeki ukuzidla ngokuphelele. Into ebalulekile ukuhlonza lezo 'ezine-potassium ephezulu' bese ulawula inani olidlayo kuzo.
Ezinye izinto okufanele zenziwe
- Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Uma unalesi simo, thola ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo futhi uqaphe amazinga akho e-potassium njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele: Phuza imithi ngesilinganiso esifanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle, ngoba zingalimaza izinso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyperkalemia yisimo lapho izinga le-potassium egazini liphezulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu akuvami ukubangela izimpawu.
- Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela kanye neminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi nakho kungaba yimbangela.
- Amazinga aphezulu e-potassium ayingozi kakhulu enhliziyweni futhi angaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezinzima njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukungazweli ezithweni zakho zomzimba, hamba ngokushesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela.
- Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukulawula ukudla, imithi, futhi kwezinye izimo, i-dialysis.
- Uma unalesi simo, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo futhi wenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ngesikhathi.
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