Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kunzima ukuzwana nabanye? Noma ingabe ukhetha ukwenza izinto ezifanayo nokwenza isimiso esifanayo? Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ingabe abanye bakubheka njengomuntu “ohlukile kancane” noma “onzima”? Ungase ube nobunzima nalezi zinto wena ngokwakho. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi imbangela yakho konke lokhu kungaba yinto ongakaze uyicabange, okungukuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Kuyini ngempela i-autism?
Okokuqala, ake sikuqonde lokhu. I-Autism akuyona isifo noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Kalula nje, kuyindlela ehlukile lapho imizwa ebuchosheni bethu ikhula khona. Kufana nokuthi abanye abantu bade, abanye bafushane, abanye babhala ngesandla sabo sokudla, abanye babhala ngesandla sabo sokhohlo. Kubizwa ngokuthi "i-spectrum" ngoba indlela lesi simo esithinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile kakhulu. Nakuba abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, abanye bangase babe nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
I-Autism ithinta kakhulu izindawo ezimbili:
1. Ukuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuxhumana: Ubunzima bungase buvele ezintweni ezifana nokuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu, ukubukeka kobuso, incazelo yamagama, ukubukana emehlweni, kanye nokuqala nokugcina ubungane.
2. Ukuziphatha okulinganiselwe nokuphindaphindayo: Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukukhathalela kakhulu inqubo efanayo, ukuba nesithakazelo esijulile esihlokweni esithile (isib. izitimela, ama-dinosaur, amagajethi kagesi), kanye nokuba nomuzwa ophakeme noma ongaphakeme emizwa efana nokukhanya, umsindo, kanye nokuthinta.
Pho kungani ngingakubonanga lokhu ngisemncane?
Lona umbuzo onengqondo kakhulu. Namuhla, odokotela bayakunaka lokhu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwezingane ezincane, ezineminyaka engaba ngu-18 noma engu-24 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, i-autism manje ivame ukutholakala iphakathi kweminyaka engu-2-4.
Kodwa isimo sasihluke kakhulu eminyakeni engama -20-30 edlule.
- Ukuntuleka Kokuqwashisa: Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuncane kakhulu ukuqwashisa emphakathini mayelana ne-autism. Ngenxa yalokho, ubunzima bengane emphakathini babizwa ngokungalungile ngokuthi “amahloni,” isizungu ngokuthi “ukungalaleli,” kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda ngokuthi “ubuwula.”
- Ukuhlonza Okungalungile: Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-autism zididaniswa nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, njenge-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) noma i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- Ukuzifihla : Umuntu, ikakhulukazi umuntu ohlakaniphile namakhono amahle okufunda, angazama ukufihla ukungakhululeki kwakhe emphakathini futhi alingise abanye ukuziphatha "ngokuvamile." Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuzifihla.' Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene nokucindezeleka okungakanani ngaphakathi, akubonakali ngaphandle.
Uma ubuthule kakhulu, uzigcina wedwa, noma ugxile ezincwadini kuphela useyingane, abantu abadala kungenzeka ukuthi baphuthelwe ubunzima bakho bangaphakathi.
Izizathu zokusola ukuthi une-autism njengomuntu omdala
Ngokuvamile, umuntu omdala uqala ukucwaninga ngalokhu ngesigameko. Mhlawumbe lapho ingane yakho itholakala ine-autism, ungase uzitshele uma ufunda lezo zimpawu, "O, yimi lowo." Noma uma uya kudokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze uthole enye inkinga, angase azibone lezi zimpawu.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi. Ingabe nawe uyazizwa lezi zinto?
| Ingabe uzizwa ngale ndlela? (Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho) | Indlela i-autism eyithinta ngayo (imbangela engaba khona) |
|---|---|
| Imicimbi yomphakathi efana namaphathi asehhovisi kanye nemishado iyakhathaza kakhulu. Uzokhathala izinsuku eziningi ngemva kokubuya kwakho. | Kudinga amandla amaningi obuchopho ukuqonda ukushukuma komzimba kwabanye abantu, izindlela zokukhuluma, nokucabanga ngalokho okufanele ukusho. Lokhu kuyakhathaza kakhulu engqondweni. |
| Ngithanda ukuthatha indlela efanayo yokuya emsebenzini, ngidle esitolo esifanayo, futhi ngihlele usuku lwami ngendlela efanayo. Uma kwenzeka ushintsho oluzumayo, ngizizwa ngikhathazekile kakhulu futhi ngicindezelekile. | Imikhuba ihlinzeka ngomuzwa wokulondeka nokuzinza. Izinguquko ezingalindelekile zingenza umhlaba uzizwe ungalawuleki. |
| Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhuluma kangakanani ngesihloko (isib. umlando, uhlelo lwekhompyutha, insimbi yomculo), usanesithakazelo kuso yize abanye bengase bacabange ukuthi "kuyadina." | Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "Izinto Ezikhethekile Ezithandwayo." Abantu abane-autism banekhono lokugxila ngokujulile esihlokweni esithile. |
| Izibani ezikhanyayo, umculo ophakeme, kanye nabantu abakhuluma esitolo esikhulu kufana nobuhlungu bekhanda. Angikwazi ukubekezelela umuzwa wamathegi ezingutsheni ezikhuhla emzimbeni wami. | Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugcwala kwezinzwa. Uma ubuchopho bungakwazi ukucubungula kahle imizwa (izinto ezibonwayo, imisindo, ukuthinta) engena kuyo, ingqondo iyadideka. |
Kulungile, manje uthola kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Ukuthola i-autism kumuntu omdala kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokubona ingane encane, ngoba usuvele ufunde izindlela ezahlukene zokubhekana nezinkinga zakho nokuzifihla.
Izinto okufanele zenziwe
1. Bona udokotela: Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho (GP). Angakudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo noma kudokotela wezifo zengqondo ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuzihlola ku-inthanethi: Kunemibuzo yokuzihlola ye-autism eku-inthanethi eyenzelwe ngqo abantu abadala. Ungazizama wena. Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuphela akukwazi ukuba yindlela eqinisekile engu-100% yokunquma ukuthi une-autism. Kodwa-ke, kuyindawo enhle yokuqala. Imiphumela yale mibuzo ingakusiza ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho.
3. Inqubo yokuxilonga: Lapho udokotela ekuxilonga,
- Bayaqaphela ukuziphatha kwakho nendlela okhuluma ngayo.
- Babuza imibuzo eminingi ngempilo yakho yamanje, umsebenzi, kanye nobudlelwano bakho.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ubuntwana bakho. Babuza ngezinto ezifana nokuthi wawunjani usesemncane, ukuthi waqala nini ukukhuluma, ukuthi wawudlala kanjani, nokuthi wawunabangani yini.
- Uma unabazali, abafowenu nodadewenu, noma ubani obekwazi kusukela ebuntwaneni, udokotela angase afune ukukhuluma nabo, njengoba bengase bakhumbule izinto ongazazi.
Lolu hambo lungase lungabi lula, kodwa kuzoba impumuzo enkulu ukwazi iqiniso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism akuyona nje into ethinta izingane. Ingatholakala futhi nasebekhulile. Uma uzizwa ngaleyo ndlela, awuwedwa.
- Ukungakhululeki kwakho emphakathini, ukuzizwa unesizungu, kanye nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo akuzona "iphutha" lakho. Kungaba yindlela ehlukile yokusebenza kobuchopho bakho.
- Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ukuxilongwa ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungathembeli kuphela ekuhlolweni okuku-inthanethi.
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akuyona "ilebula" ebekwa kuwe. Kuyisihluthulelo sokuziqonda, ukuqaphela amandla akho, nokufunda ukubhekana nobunzima bakho.
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