Wake wazibuza ukuthi siwaphimisela kanjani amagama, sigwinye ukudla, noma silawule ulimi lwethu uma silukhipha nje futhi sivula imilomo yethu? Ulimi lwethu luyisidlali esibalulekile ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu. Kodwa ulimi alukwazi ukwenza lezi zinto lodwa. Ludinga ukuthola izimpawu ezifanele ezivela ebuchosheni. Namuhla sikhuluma ngemizwa ekhethekile eletha lezo zimpawu ezibalulekile olimini. Leyo yimizwa ye-hypoglossal, noma `(Hypoglossal Nerve)`.
Iyini i-Hypoglossal Nerve?
Kalula nje, lokhu kungenye yezimbili ezikhethekile eziyi-12 zemizwa ezivela ngqo ebuchosheni bethu. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zinzwa eziyi-12 sizibiza ngokuthi izinzwa ze-cranial. Kufana nezithunywa ezikhethekile eziyi-12 ezivela ebuchosheni, okuyihhovisi eliyinhloko lomzimba wethu. Oweshumi nambili walezi (i-cranial nerve ye-12) yi-hypoglossal nerve.
Incazelo yaleli gama ukuthi ngesiGreki, elithi "hypo" lisho "ngaphansi." elithi "glossal" lisho "ulimi." Okusho ukuthi, igama libhekisela emthanjeni otholakala "ngaphansi kolimi."
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kuyinzwa yokunyakaza . Lokho kusho ukuthi ayinayo imizwa, kodwa ilawula ukunyakaza. Le nzwa isebenza njengocingo oluthumela imiyalo esuka ebuchosheni iye emisipheni yolimi ukuze "ihambe ngale ndlela," "ifinyele ngale ndlela," futhi "iqhubekele phambili."
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yalo mthambo?
Cabanga nje, udla ukudla okumnandi. Ulimi lukusiza ukuthi uhambise ukudla emlonyeni wakho, ukuhlafune, ukuhlanganise kahle namathe, bese ukuthulula emphinjeni wakho, okungukuthi, ukugwinye. Futhi, uma siphimisela izinhlamvu ezifana nokuthi "ல, ர, ந, ன" zingaki izindlela ezahlukene ulimi oluhamba ngazo? Zonke lezi zinyathelo, zonke lezi zenzo ezicashile, zilawulwa izimpawu ezivela kulo mthambo we-hypoglossal.
Izinto eziyinhloko le nzwa esisiza ngazo yilezi:
- Khuluma: Phimisa amagama ngokucacile futhi ushukumise imisipha yolimi ngokunembile.
- Gwinya ukudla: Yakha ibhola lokudla emlonyeni wakho bese ulisunduza liye emphinjeni wakho.
- Hambisa izinto emlonyeni wakho: Ngezinto ezifana nokuhambisa ukudla phakathi kwamazinyo akho lapho uhlafuna, kanye nokuhambisa amanzi emlonyeni wakho lapho uhlanza umlomo wakho.
- Yenza imisindo ehlukene ngomlomo wakho: Lo mzwelo uphinde usize abanye abantu ukuthi benze izinto ezifana nomsindo 'wokuchofoza' abawenza ngolimi lwabo.
Kalula nje, i-hypoglossal nerve iyona ebangela noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okwenzayo ngolimi lwakho.
Indlela le nzwa ehamba ngayo emzimbeni wethu (i-Anatomy)
Lo mthambo uqala phansi kobuchopho bethu, eduze nalapho umthambo womgogodla uqala khona. Sibiza le ndawo ngokuthi i-brainstem. Ukusuka lapho, lo mthambo uhamba ibanga elide uye olimini.
Lokhu kufana nomgwaqo omncane osuka ebuchosheni uye olimini. Usendleleni:
1. Okokuqala, sehla engxenyeni yomgogodla womgogodla wethu.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, imithambo yegazi emibili emikhulu ebaluleke kakhulu entanyeni (umthambo we-carotid kanye nomthambo we-jugular) idluliswa ngokucophelela.
3. Ukusuka lapho, kuvela ngemuva komphimbo bese kufinyelela phansi komlomo, okungukuthi, lapho ulimi lukhona.
4. Ekugcineni, amagatsha amancane ayahlukana futhi axhumane nemisipha ehlukahlukene yolimi, ngayinye ethola imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni.
Uma kukhona ingozi, ingcindezi, noma ukugula noma kuphi kule ndlela, ukusebenza kwale nzwa kungaphazamiseka.
Yiziphi izifo ezingalimaza le nzwa?
Ngeshwa, izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene kanye nezingozi kungalimaza le nzwa ebalulekile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukusebenza kolimi kuqala ukuwohloka. Ake sibheke izimbangela eziyinhloko.
| Isimo/Imbangela | Indlela ethinta ngayo izinzwa |
|---|---|
| Isifo sohlangothi | Uma ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho kuyeka, imizwa elawula leyo ngxenye iyeka ukusebenza. Uma ingxenye yobuchopho elawula le nzwa yonakele, ulimi lungalahlekelwa ukusebenza. |
| Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo | Izimila zomdlavuza ezikhula ezindaweni ezifana nomlomo nomphimbo zingacindezela le nzwa. Le nzwa ingalimala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza. |
| I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Lesi yisifo se-motor neuron. Kalula nje, yisifo esibhubhisa kancane kancane imizwa ethwala izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni iye emisipheni. Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, inzwa ye-hypoglossal nayo ingaba yinkinga. |
| Ukuphefumula komoya ngesikhathi sokulala | Lo mthambo uphinde ulawule imisipha engemuva komphimbo. Uma le misipha iphumula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulala, ulimi lungawa lubuye luvale indlela yokuphefumula. Yilokhu okubangela ukuvimba ukuphefumula ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokuhona. |
| Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (i-Encephalitis) | Uma ubuchopho buvuvukala ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala kungacindezela le nzwa phansi kobuchopho. |
| Izingozi ezinkulu (Ukuhlukumezeka) | Lo mthambo unganqunywa noma uchotshozwe ngenxa yokulimala entanyeni ngenxa yezingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, noma ezinye izingozi ezinkulu. |
Ziyini izimpawu zomonakalo?
Uma i-hypoglossal nerve yonakele, imiphumela yayo izwakala ngqo olimini. Esikhathini esiningi, le nerve yonakele ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela (kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele). Lokhu kubangela ubuthakathaka kulolo hlangothi lolimi .
Isici esiyinhloko nesibonakala kalula yile:
Uma ukhipha ulimi lwakho luqonde, luzodonswa lubheke ohlangothini olulimele . Isibonelo, uma umthambo ohlangothini lwesokudla ulimele, uma ukhipha ulimi lwakho, luzodonswa lubheke ohlangothini lwesokudla.
Isizathu salokhu ukuthi yimisipha eseceleni elihle lolimi (ohlangothini lwesobunxele) kuphela ecindezelwayo, okwenza ulimi lucindezelwe ohlangothini olubuthakathaka (ohlangothini lwesokudla).
Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Dysarthria): Amagama ayaphinyiselwa futhi awakwazi ukuphinyiselwa kahle.
- Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia): Ukuzizwa sengathi uyaminyana lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo.
- Ukuwohloka kwemisipha yolimi: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisipha ohlangothini olulimele lolimi iyancipha kancane kancane futhi ibe mncane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimpawu zemizwa.
- Ukuhlangana: Imisipha ebusweni bolimi iyanyakaza, njengokungathi ishukunyiswa yizibungu. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezifweni ezifana ne-ALS.
Isexwayiso: Uma lezi zimpawu zihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu obungazelelwe entanyeni noma ekhanda, kungaba uphawu lomonakalo emthanjeni wegazi omkhulu entanyeni ("umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi``). Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha .
Udokotela uhlola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ezinjengalezi, uzoqala ngokumhlola umzimba okulula.
- Bakucela ukuthi ubeke ulimi lwakho phambili: Lapha, bahlola ukuthi ulimi ludonselwe eceleni yini.
- Ucelwa ukuthi ucindezele ulimi lwakho esihlathini sakho: Ucelwa ukuthi ucindezele ulimi lwakho ohlangothini olulodwa lwesihlathi sakho, bese udokotela ebeka isandla sakhe ngaphandle bese ehlola inani lokucindezela. Amandla ezinhlangothi zombili ayaqhathaniswa.
- Ulimi luyabhekwa: Imisipha yolimi ihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle noma ayisebenzi kahle.
Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yezimpawu.
- I-MRI scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusiza ukuhlola umonakalo wobuchopho, izimila, noma omunye umonakalo.
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla/Ukushaya Ithambo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa uma kukhona ukusolakala kokutheleleka noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
Izindlela zokwelapha futhi siyivikela kanjani le nzwa?
Ukwelashwa komonakalo we-hypoglossal nerve kuncike embangela eyinhloko . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokwelapha i-nerve uqobo.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Uma imbangela iwukukhubazeka, ukwelashwa okuhlobene nokukhubazeka kanye nokuvuselelwa kuyanikezwa.
- Uma imbangela kungumdlavuza, izinketho zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma i-chemotherapy.
- Uma imbangela kuyisifo, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic afanele noma eminye imithi.
Siyivikela kanjani le nzwa eyigugu?
Ezinye izimbangela, njengezingozi, kunzima ukuzivimbela. Kodwa-ke, singanciphisa ingozi yezifo eziningi. Lokhu kuvikela ngokungaqondile lezi zinzwa.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kunganciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukulawula isisindo somzimba wakho kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sokuphefumula esibangelwa ukulala.
- Gwema ukubhema notshwala: Yomibili le mikhuba iyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.
- Ukuphathwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unesifo esifana ne-ALS, ungasiphatha lesi sifo ngokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-hypoglossal nerve iyi-nerve ekhethekile evela ebuchosheni ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwethu, ekugwinyeni, nakuzo zonke izinyakazo zolimi.
- Uma lo mthambo wonakele, olunye uhlangothi lolimi lungase lube buthaka. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuthi ulimi luzodonsela ohlangothini olulimele uma ulubeka phambili.
- Lo mthambo ungonakaliswa yizimo zezokwelapha ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, umdlavuza, izingozi ezinkulu, kanye ne-ALS.
- Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokugwinya, ukungabi namandla noma ubuthakathaka olimini lwakho, noma uzizwa sengathi ulimi lwakho luyasondela eceleni, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ungazivikela ezifweni eziningi ezingalimaza le nzwa.
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