Ingabe kukhona inkinga ngekhanda, intamo, noma umhlane wengane? - Ake sixoxe nge-Iniencephaly

O, ngezinye izikhathi siyadabuka futhi sishaqeke kakhulu ngezinto esizizwayo, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngomntwana omusha ozayo kuleli zwe. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile esibucayi kancane, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sisiqaphele. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi yi-Iniencephaly.

Ngakho-ke, iyini i-Iniencephaly?

Kalula nje, i-Iniencephaly yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuzalwa . Sithinta kakhulu ikhanda lomntwana, intamo, nomgogodla. Izingane ezizalwa nalesi simo zingaba nentamo emfushane kakhulu, noma zingabi nayo nhlobo intamo. Zingaba nekhanda eligobile emuva kanye nokukhubazeka komgogodla. Cabanga ukuthi lokhu kunzima kangakanani. Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwalezi zinkinga ezinkulu, kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba womntwana, njengenhliziyo namaphaphu.

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezizalwa nalesi simo ziyafa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, kungaba sesibelethweni noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umntwana onesimo esingesibi kangako aphile isikhathi eside.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-iniencephaly empeleni iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Lokho kusho ukuthi akwenzeki kaningi. Ososayensi baqale babika ngalesi simo emuva ngo-1836. Ngokusho kwedatha yamanje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi lesi simo senzeka ezinganeni ezingaba yi-1 kuya kweziyi-100 kweziyi-1000. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilinganiso ziyahlukahluka. Enye into ukuthi lesi simo kuthiwa sivame kakhulu ezinganeni zesifazane.

Kwenzeka kanjani i-iniencephaly?

Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Empeleni lokhu kuyiphutha lokuzalwa kwesimiso sezinzwa . Odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi "Iphutha Le-Neural Tube". Ubuwazi ukuthi amasonto ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokukhulelwa abaluleke kakhulu? Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kwakheka khona "ithubhu ye-neural", lapho ubuchopho bomntwana, intambo yomgogodla, kanye nentambo yomgogodla (umthambo oyinhloko odlula entanjeni yomgogodla). Ngokuvamile, ngesonto lesithathu noma lesine lokukhulelwa, leli thubhu le-neural livalekile ngokuphelele, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa kufanele lukhule kahle. Kodwa-ke, esimweni se-Iniencephaly, ngesizathu esithile le nqubo iyaphazamiseka, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa alukhuli kahle.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-iniencephaly?

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo (okungukuthi, ezizuzwe njengefa) kanye nezici zemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhubazeka kwama-chromosome, njenge-`(Monosomy X)`, `(Trisomy 13)` kanye ne-`(Trisomy 18)`, kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici zemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nazo zingandisa le ngozi. Lezi zifaka:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid:Lolu udaba olubaluleke kakhulu. Sizoxoxa ngalo kabanzi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukubhema: Lokho kusho izinto ezifana nokubhema ugwayi.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Umama unesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo somzimba kamama siphezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso esinconywayo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile: Kusetshenziswa imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imithi ye-sulfa, imithi yokulwa nokuquleka, imithi yokukhipha isisu, kanye nemithi yokulwa namagciwane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ingane yakho yayine-neural tube defect ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini, ingozi iphakeme kancane ekukhulelweni kwakho okulandelayo.

Itholakala kanjani i-Iniencephaly?

Lapho nje umntwana ezalwa, odokotela bangaxilonga isimo se-iniencephaly ngokubheka ugebhezi lomntwana kanye nomgogodla. Okusho ukuthi, bangabona ngezimpawu zangaphandle . Uma umntwana esinda isikhathi eside, udokotela angasebenzisa izivivinyo ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-CT scan, kanye ne-MRI ukuze ahlole kangcono isimo futhi anqume ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa olutholakalayo.

Lokhu akukwazi yini ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe?

Yebo, lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingathola amaphutha e-neural tube, njenge-iniencephaly, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa . Udokotela wakho angase ancome lezi zivivinyo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile, noma uma becabanga ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakho kusengozini.

• I-ultrasound yangaphambi kokubeletha: Lesi yi-scan esijwayelene nayo sonke. Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zomntwana esibelethweni. Udokotela usebenzisa lesi scan ukubheka eduze ikhanda lomntwana, intamo, nomgogodla ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka.
• Isikrini se-quad marker: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa kumama. Kubheka ama-hormone namaprotheni amaningana. Iphrotheni eyodwa ebalulekile ebhekwayo yi-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Le AFP yenziwa yingane. Bese idlulela egazini likamama. Uma izinga le-AFP egazini likamama liphezulu kakhulu, kungase kubonise ukuthi ingane ingase ibe nephutha le-neural tube.
• I-Amniocentesis:Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela usebenzisa inalithi encane ukususa inani elincane loketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze ingane. Ilebhu ilinganisa izinga le-AFP kulolu ketshezi lwe-amniotic, futhi yenza nokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ``Karyotype testing'' ukuhlola ukungalingani kwe-chromosome. Zombili lezi zivivinyo zinganikeza umbono wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini inkinga ye-neural tube nokuthi iyini imbangela.
• I-MRI yengane esanda kuzalwa: Lolu futhi uhlobo lokuskena. Lusebenzisa amaza omsakazo kanye nensimu enamandla yamagnetic ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zamathambo nezicubu zomntwana. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ukuskena kwe-MRI akuvezi ingane emisebeni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi simo kusenesikhathi . Uma kuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, odokotela bangachazela umndeni ngesimo somntwana futhi banikeze abazali ukwesekwa kwengqondo okudingekayo. Uma ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabeka nezingozi ezithile kumama ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Iniencephaly?

Eqinisweni, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalesi simo, i-Iniencephaly. Iningi lezingane ezinalesi simo ziyafa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, esibelethweni, noma emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu. Odokotela nabasebenzi bezempilo banikeza umndeni ukwesekwa okudingekayo ukuze babhekane nalolu sizi futhi babhekane nalo.

Akuvamile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu lezingane liphila isikhathi eside, odokotela belapha ingane ngayinye ngokwehlukana, ngokusekelwe ezimpawini eziphakama ngaleso sikhathi.

Ingabe i-folic acid ingakuvimbela lokhu?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sonke siyiqaphele . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, okuhlanganisa ne-anencephaly, ukuthatha i-folic acid ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa . I-Folic acid iyi-vithamini B. Ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli amasha emzimbeni wethu.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuthatha ama-microgram angu-400 (mcg) e-folic acid ngosuku kunganciphisa ingozi yokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube cishe ngo-70% . Kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala ukuthi bathathe leli nani nsuku zonke. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu:

• Ukukhulelwa okuningi akuhleliwe.
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube kwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa, lapho abantu abaningi bengazi nokuthi bakhulelwe.

Ngakho-ke, uma ulindele umntwana, noma usesikhathini sokubeletha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho nge-folic acid. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, cela udokotela wakho akuncomele i-vitamin yokukhulelwa eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile equkethe i-folic acid.

Abesifazane abake baba nomntwana ngaphambilini one-neural tube defect futhi abalindele omunye umntwana bangase badinge i-folic acid eyengeziwe. I-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) itusa ukuthatha ama-microgram angu-4,000 (ama-milligram angu-4) e-folic acid nsuku zonke, kusukela enyangeni eyodwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa bese kuqhubeka ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, akukuhle ukuthatha i-folic acid eningi kakhulu . Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwandisa umthamo wakho we-folic acid.

Yini enye engenziwa ukunciphisa ingozi?

Ngaphezu kokuthatha i-folic acid, kunezinye izinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-anencephaly:

• Ukugwema imithi ethile eyaziwa ngokubangela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube. (Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.)
• Ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala.
• Ukugcina isisindo somzimba wakho siphilile.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukusilawula kahle.
• Uma ubhema, yeka.

Iyini inhloso ye-iniencephaly?

I-iniencephaly iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sezakhi zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, umphumela walesi simo uvame ukungabi muhle kakhulu . Ukukhulelwa okuningi kugcina ngokuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukuzalwa kwengane ifile. Ngisho noma ingane izalwa iphila, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi izofa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa.

Kusukela ngo-2019, izingane eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela emhlabeni ezisinde isikhathi eside nalesi simo ekuqaleni kwesifo. Ezine zazo zihlinzwe, futhi ukwelashwa kubikwa ukuthi kuphumelele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.

Ungahlela kanjani ukukhulelwa okunempilo?

Uma usukhulile ekuzaleni, kubalulekile ukuthatha ama-microgram angu-400 e-folic acid nsuku zonke, noma ngabe awuzami ukukhulelwa. Ngenxa yokuthi cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izisu zokukhulelwa azihleliwe, ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, okuhlanganisa ne-anencephaly, kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abantu abaningi bazi nokuthi bakhulelwe, futhi i-folic acid ingakuvimbela lokhu.

Labo abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele nakanjani babone udokotela futhi bathole ukwelulekwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa . Phakathi nalokhu kuqokwa, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza zonke izici zakho eziyingozi futhi ancome izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ube nokukhulelwa okunempilo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba yilezi:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sithemba ukuthi unombono othile nge-Iniencephaly esikhulume ngayo. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esingavamile futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuba siqaphele.

Khumbula, kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abesifazane abalindele izingane ukuthola i-folic acid eyanele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kanye naphakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube njenge-iniencephaly. Kubaluleke kakhulu nokuphila impilo enempilo, ukugwema utshwala nokubhema, kanye nokulawula izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokunikeza iseluleko esidingekayo.

` Ekuqaleni, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, i-folic acid, ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa