Wake wazibuza ukuthi imizimba yethu ilwa kanjani nesitha njengegciwane uma lingena emizimbeni yethu? Imizimba yethu inesimiso sokuzivikela esimangalisayo. Esinye 'sezinto ezibangela izimpawu' ezibaluleke kakhulu kulolo hlelo sibizwa ngokuthi i-interferon. Empeleni lawa ngamaprotheni akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu. Futhi, i-interferon ekhiqizwe ngokwenziwa inikezwa njengomuthi njengokwelapha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-interferon?
Ake sithi umzimba wethu ungumuzi omkhulu. Lo muzi uvikelwe yibutho elibizwa ngokuthi amasosha omzimba. Manje isitha, njengegciwane noma iseli lomdlavuza, singena kulo muzi. Ngaleso sikhathi, amangqamuzana (isibonelo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi) akhona endaweni lapho lesi sitha sikhona, akhipha isignali yesixwayiso. Iphrotheni enikeza leso signali ibizwa ngokuthi i-interferon.
Leli gama liyathakazelisa impela. Lawa "aphazamisa" amagciwane afana namagciwane ngokwanda emzimbeni, okungukuthi, ekubeni atheleleke. Yingakho ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-interferons'.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba lezi zikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu, zenziwa futhi ngokwenziwa ososayensi ezindaweni zokucwaninga futhi zisetshenziswa njengokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. I-Interferon yaqala ukudalwa ngale ndlela ngo-1986 ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Isebenza kanjani i-interferon?
Ama-Interferon anjengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu. Uma iseli litheleleke ngegciwane, lelo seli likhiqiza ama-interferon futhi lithumele isixwayiso kumaseli aphilile alizungezile. Njengokungathi lithi, "Nansi isitha, vuselelani ukuzivikela kwenu!"
Uma lesi siginali sitholakala, amanye amaseli nawo alungiselela ukulwa negciwane. I-Interferon iphinde ibize abanye abalwi ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba (njengolunye uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine) ukuthi bahlanganyele empini.
Lokhu kuyinto efanayo eyenzekayo nge-interferon elawulwa ngokwenziwa.
- Itshela amasosha omzimba ukuthi "abhubhise la maseli."
- Kuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza namagciwane ukuthi angahlukani futhi asakazeke.
- Kusiza amangqamuzana anempilo ukulwa nezifo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-interferons.
- I-Interferon-alpha
- I-Interferon-beta
- I-Interferon-gamma
Yiziphi izifo eziphathwa nge-interferon njengomuthi?
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-interferons zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukene. Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uthole incazelo elula ukuyiqonda.
| Uhlobo lwe-interferon | Izimo eziphathwayo |
|---|---|
| I-Interferon-alpha |
|
| I-Interferon-beta | Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emithanjeni ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. |
| I-Interferon-gamma |
|
Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Udokotela wakho uvame ukukunika lo muthi njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma emsipheni . Ngezinye izikhathi unganikezwa futhi njengomjovo emthanjeni ongalweni yakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzokufundisa ukuthi ungawujova kanjani ekhaya.
Uhlobo lomuthi onikezwayo, umthamo, kanye nokuthi uzonikezwa isikhathi esingakanani kuzoncika esimweni sakho sezempilo.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi zokwelashwa nge-interferon?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi onamandla, ukwelashwa nge-interferon kungaba nemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela wakho ukuncoma lokhu kwelashwa ngoba izinzuzo zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezingaba khona.
Ungesabi ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi nodokotela wakho ukuze akwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
| Imiphumela emibi evamile kanye nezinkinga ezingaba yingozi | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile abantu abaningi abayitholayo | |
| Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane | Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, izinhlungu zomzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nesicanucanu zingase zivele emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela zingakapheli amahora angama-24. |
| Eminye imiphumela emibi | Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukulahleka kwezinwele (i-alopecia), ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwenduku yobulili kwabesilisa kungenzeka. |
| Izinkinga ezingaba yingozi ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile | |
| Izinkinga zenhliziyo | Abanye abantu bangase babe nomfutho wegazi ophansi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo. Udokotela wakho uzokhathazeka kakhulu uma unesifo senhliziyo. |
| Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo | Abanye abantu bangase babe nokucindezeleka noma imicabango engemihle ngokuphila. Uma usuvele unenkinga yempilo yengqondo, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa. |
| Izinkinga zamehlo | Uma unezimo ezifana ne-diabetesic retinopathy, lo muthi ungase uzibhebhethekise. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa. |
| Izinkinga ze-thyroid | Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimo ezifana ne-thyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile (i-hyperthyroidism) noma i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism). |
| Izinkinga zamaphaphu | Uma unezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia, lo muthi ungase uzibangele zibe zimbi kakhulu. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Interferon iyindlela yokuzivikela yemvelo emzimbeni wethu elwa namagciwane namaseli omdlavuza.
- I-Interferon, ekhiqizwa emalabhorethri, iyindlela enamandla yokwelapha izifo ezinkulu ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-multiple sclerosis (MS), kanye neminye imidlavuza.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kungabangela imiphumela emibi, njengomkhuhlane. Kukhona futhi nengozi encane yezinkinga ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
- Zizwe ukhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma imiphumela emibi ongase ube nayo.
- Ungalokothi ushintshe umthamo noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Udokotela wakho ukhethe lokhu kwelashwa ngenxa yenhlalakahle yakho.
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