Kwenzekani uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni bakho kuyeka? (Ischemic Stroke) Ake sifunde kabanzi ngakho.

Ake ucabange ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho kuyeka ngokuzumayo? Kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-ischemic stroke . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo. Lesi simo sibangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho afe, futhi uma lokho kwenzeka, imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa yilawo maseli ingalahleka. I-Ischemic Stroke ibangela cishe u-80% wazo zonke izinhlungu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nabathandekayo bakho nazi ngalokhu.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izimpawu ze-"Ischemic Stroke"?

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi esibangelwa yi-ischemic zingahluka kuye ngengxenye yobuchopho ethintekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile:

• Umuzwa wokuba ndikindiki noma ukukhubazeka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso noma lomzimba.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ukulahlekelwa yinkulumo ngokuphelele (i-Aphasia) .
• Inkulumo iba yinto engacacile futhi amagama awakwazi ukuphinyiselwa kahle (i-Dysarthria) .
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso.
• Kulungile ukulahlekelwa noma ukulimaza umuzwa wakho wokuhogela, wokunambitha, wokuthinta, noma wokuzwa ngokuzumayo.
• Umbono ofiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili (i-Diplopia) .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana komzimba, ukungakwazi ukuqonda izinto kahle, kanye nokukhubeka (i-Ataxia) .
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Intamo eqinile.
• Izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sengqondo noma ebuntwini.
• Ukuzizwa udidekile futhi ungahlaliseki.
• Ukuba nesithuthwane.
• Ukukhohlwa ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu nelingalindelekile.
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo bese uyawa.
• Ukuwela e-coma.

Izimpawu zesexwayiso - khumbula UKUSHESHA!

"I-Ischemic Stroke" ingaba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze ubone ukuthi into efana nale iyenzeka kuwe noma kothile omaziyo, khumbula la mazwi: SHESHA .

• B - Ibhalansi: Bheka ukuthi ulahlekelwa yini ibhalansi yakho ngokuzumayo.
• E - Amehlo: Bheka ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo, noma noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni.
• F - Ubuso: Mamatheka ubone ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luyagoba yini .
• A - Izingalo: Phakamisa izingalo zombili. Bheka ukuthi ingalo eyodwa igoba ngendlela engavamile noma ibonakala ibuthakathaka.
• S - Inkulumo: Bheka ukuthi inkulumo ayicacile yini noma kunzima yini ukuthola amagama afanele.
• T - Isikhathi: Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu - shayela usizo ngokushesha (uma useSri Lanka, shayela u-1990)Uma kungenzeka, gcina iwashi noma irekhodi locingo lesikhathi izimpawu zakho eziqale ngaso. Ukutshela udokotela wakho kulokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi bakhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Njalo ngomzuzwana kubalwa! Uma usola ukuthi une-stroke, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Yini ebangela "i-Ischemic Stroke"?

Kalula nje, "i-Ischemic Stroke" yenzeka lapho okuthile kuphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-Ischemia." "Ischemia" kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana awatholi igazi elanele futhi ayafa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ebuchosheni, kwenzeka "i-Ischemic Stroke". Ngokuvamile, imbangela eyinhloko iwukuqhekeka kwegazi.

Amahlule egazi angakheka ngale ndlela ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zempilo. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• I-atherosclerosis yilapho imithambo yegazi iba mincane futhi iqine, ivimbele ukuhamba kwegazi. Kufana nokungcola okubhajwa epayipini lamanzi.
• Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.
• I-Atrial fibrillation yisifo lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokungajwayelekile.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuzalwa njengemigodi enhliziyweni (ukukhubazeka kwe-Atrial septal noma ukukhubazeka kwe-Ventricular septal).
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``isifo se-microvascular ischemic`` singavela lapho imithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni ivaleka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-`(Ischemic Stroke)`?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-"Ischemic Stroke":

1. Ukushaywa yi-Thrombotic: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho . Odokotela babiza le nqubo ngokuthi i-thrombosis.

2. Ukushaywa yi-Embolic: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi (i-embolism) elakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuvamile enhliziyweni) lihamba ngemithambo yegazi bese lihlala emthanjeni osebuchosheni.

Ake sifunde futhi nge-"mini stroke" ebizwa ngokuthi `(Transient Ischemic Attack - TIA)`

I-`(Transient Ischemic Attack)` noma i-`(TIA)` ifana nesifo sohlangothi, kodwa izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane (ngokuvamile zingakapheli amahora angu-24) . Ibizwa nangokuthi i-`mini-stroke`. Kodwa ungayidedeli ngoba incane. I-`(TIA)` ivame ukuba uphawu oluyisixwayiso oluqinile ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isifo sohlangothi esikhulu nesihlala njalo . Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu oke waba ne-`(TIA)` afune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Noma ubani angaba ne-"Ischemic Stroke". Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Yilaba:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika (lokhu akubalulekile kangako eSri Lanka, kodwa kuhle ukukwazi).
• Abantu ababhemayo noma abasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi noma i-nicotine (njengokubhema i-vaping).
• Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Futhi, abantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu:

• Kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) .
• Kulabo abanamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia) .
• Kulabo abalutha utshwala (`Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala`).
• Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili .
• Kunezifundo eziphakamisa ukuthi labo abake baba ne -COVID-19 nabo basengozini ethile.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzokutshela ngokuqinisekile kuphela uma une-"Ischemic Stroke" ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-"Neurological" kanye nezinye izivivinyo eziningana. Uma ulethwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, odokotela balapho bangakuthola lokhu.

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ongayenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uke waba ne-"Ischemic Stroke":

• `(I-CT scan)` (I-CT scan): Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zobuchopho.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyaqashwa.
• `(MRI)` (MRI): Lokhu kungathatha nezithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Iphethini yamagagasi kagesi ebuchosheni iyaqashwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana nezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi kanye namazinga kashukela.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapho welapha "i-ischemic stroke" ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni ngokushesha okukhulu . Odokotela benza lokhu ngokushesha ukuze banciphise ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho unomphela nokufa.

Izindlela zokwelapha ngokushesha

Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi:

1. Ukwelashwa nge-Thrombolytic: Lezi yizidakamizwa ezinciphisa igazi. Odokotela bavame ukuzinikeza kuphela uma izimpawu ziqala zingakapheli amahora amane nesigamu kusukela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zingandisa ingozi yokopha kwangaphakathi okuyingozi.

2. Ukususwa Kwemithambo: Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka ipayipi elincane, elincane (i-catheter) emthanjeni kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho (ngokuvamile embotsheni yakho) bese eliqondisa egobolondweni legazi ebuchosheni bakho. I-clot bese idonswa (njenge-'vacuum') noma iphulwe ibe yizicucu bese isuswa.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Ungadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-anticoagulant. Le mithi ivimbela igazi lakho ukuthi lingajiyi kalula. Odokotela bangakunikeza le mithi ngemuva kokuba usunezindlela zokunciphisa igazi.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ubuchopho abutholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Ngakho odokotela bangakunikeza ithuluzi elidlula ekhaleni lakho futhi likunike umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphefumula futhi kusiza ukubuyisela umoya-mpilo ebuchosheni.
• Ukuphathwa koshukela egazini:Odokotela bahlola njalo amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ukuze basize ubuchopho bakho bululame.
• Ukushisa komzimba okungekuhle okungekuhle: Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangakwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho ngokuphephile kancane. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulimala kobuchopho ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenziwa njalo, kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.

Ingabe kufanele futhi siqaphele ngokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Kukunika amandla amaningi okubhekana nokuphila futhi. Kukusiza ukuthi uvumelane nezinguquko ezenzeke ebuchosheni bakho nasemzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde uthole amakhono akho angaphambilini noma ujwayele ukuphila nokukhubazeka okusha. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwabelaphi abahlukahlukene:

• Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma, ulimi, kanye nokulawula imisipha okukusiza ukuthi ukhulume, uphefumule, udle, futhi ugwinye.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa imisipha, ukuthuthukisa ibhalansi, kanye nokubuyisela ukusebenzisa izitho zomzimba.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphephile, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi edinga ukunyakaza okuhle (isib., ukunamathisela izinkinobho zehembe, ukubhala).
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo: Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono engqondo njengenkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.

Singazivikela kanjani kulesi `(Ischemic Stroke)`?

Ukugcina impilo enhle iyonke kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi esibizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic stroke. Zama ukwenza lezi zinto:

• Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho, amazinga e-cholesterol , nanoma yiziphi izimo zempilo ongase ube nazo (njengesifo sikashukela) zilawulwa kahle.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo (njengokudla kwaseMedithera, okunemifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nokolweni ophelele) futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele futhi uhlale kude nezindawo lapho uphefumula khona intuthu kagwayi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ilungile.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala .

Bona udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka (noma kaningi njengoba udokotela wakho ekuncoma) ukuze ahlolwe. Izimo eziningi ezingaholela ekushayweni yi-ischemic zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele. Abantu abaningi abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu ababi nazo izimpawu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ubone lezi zimpawu eziyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi, uzilawule, futhi unciphise ingozi yakho yokushaywa yi-stroke esikhathini esizayo.

Iyini ithemba lokululama?

Kunzima ukusho izinga lokululama elifanele wonke umuntu. `(Ischemic Stroke)` ingaba yingozi futhi ibangele ukukhubazeka okungapheli. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onesikhathi noma ukulindela okufanayo kokululama. Uma ukwelashwa kutholwa ngokushesha, amathuba okululama aba maningi.

Ukushaywa yi-Ischemic kuvame ukuba nemiphumela engcono kune-stroke ebangelwa ukopha. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ukululama kwakho kuzoba lula, kusheshe, noma kube ngcono.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Umzimba wawo wonke umuntu usabela ngendlela ehlukile ku-stroke. Lokho ongakulindela ('isibikezelo') kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-"Ischemic Stroke" owake waba nalo?
• Yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho bakho ezithintekile?
• Indlela othole ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngayo.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Iningi labantu liyalulama ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukululama okuningi kwenzeka zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zokuqala ngemva koshaywe yisifo sohlangothi. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu nemiphumela emibi ingahlala unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Isifo sohlangothi singadala nokukhubazeka okungapheli kanye nezinguquko endleleni osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele. Uzokusiza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo yokululama kanye nokulindela okufanele impilo yakho nesimo sakho.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi?

Ukululama nokulungisa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kuwumsebenzi omningi. Ukuzibophezela kwakho kanye nokusekelwa komndeni wakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma wena nodokotela wakho senisungule uhlelo lokwelashwa, lulandele eduze ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Thatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshelile kuzosiza nomzimba wakho ukuthi ululame.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uyaya emtholampilo wakho wokwelapha kanye nakwezinye izikhathi zokwelashwa. Tshela abelaphi bakho uma kukhona okukwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ungaphephile. Ukuvuselelwa kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa akudingeki ube nobuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Cabanga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kuvamile ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ukuzizwa udabuke, ukhungathekile, noma uthukuthele akusho ukuthi ubuthakathaka noma unqotshiwe. Leyo mizwa ivamile. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba. Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokwenza isinqumo ngokuthile ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Kungaba usizo olukhulu.

Yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo okufanele ngikuyeke ?

Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi wengeze noma ususe ukudla okuthile ekudleni kwakho. Angase futhi akutshele ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yansuku zonke ukuze usize ekuphatheni izimo zakho zempilo, noma ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola elinye ihlule legazi ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.

Ukudla neziphuzo okuvame ukwelulekwa ukuthi kuqedwe noma kuncishiswe yilezi:

• Ukudla okunosawoti omningi (i-sodium). (ama-pickle, izinhlanzi ezomisiwe, amasoso, ukudla okupakishwe)
• Ukudla okunoshukela omningi (iziphuzo ezinoshukela, amakhekhe, amabhisikidi, i-toffee)
• Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ( njengesoseji, i-ham, ama-meatball)
• Ukudla okuthosiwe kanye nokudla okuqukethe amafutha e-trans (ama-French fries, ezinye izinhlobo ze-margarine)
• Utshwala.
• Ukudla i-caffeine ngokweqile (kungcono ukunciphisa itiye nekhofi ezinkomishini ezimbalwa ngosuku)

Kunini lapho kuzodingeka ngiye khona esimeni esiphuthumayo futhi?

Uma uzizwa sengathi unesifo sohlangothi (njengoba kuchaziwe ku- BE FAST ) shayela u-911 (insizakalo ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo) ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze. Ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu nokufa iphakeme kakhulu uma unesifo sohlangothi esinye. Ungalibali ukufuna usizo noma ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Umuntu oke waba nesifo sohlangothi esibizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic stroke usengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• Inyumoniya
• Amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT)
• I-Pulmonary Embolism
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuquleka

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zalezi zinkinga (isib. ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala emlenzeni), kufanele ushayele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yini eyabangela ukuba ngibe nesifo sohlangothi?
• Yiziphi izinto ezingcono kakhulu engingazenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yami yokuba nesifo sohlangothi futhi?
• Ingabe lokhu kuzoba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside kimi?
• Ngizodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuvuselelwa (`ukuvuselelwa kwesifo sohlangothi`)?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze empilweni yami yansuku zonke (ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, ukuzivocavoca)?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Isifo sohlangothi singaba yinto eyesabekayo neshintsha impilo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa yi-ischemic ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo sohlangothi bese ulawula izici zakho eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Bona udokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka bese uthola usizo lokulawula noma yiziphi izimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo sohlangothi (njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol).

Uma une-stroke, kungaba sengathi umhlaba wakho wonke usushintshile. Kodwa usenguwe. Ukululama nokuvuselelwa kuwumsebenzi onzima, futhi kungaba uhambo olude. Ezinye izinsuku zingase zibe nzima kunezinye. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukugubha ukunqoba okuncane onakho, izigaba ozifinyelelayo. Awuwedwa, futhi unomndeni, abangani, odokotela, kanye nabelaphi abangakusiza.

` Isifo sohlangothi, isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa yi-ischemic, ukujiya kwegazi ebuchosheni, izimpawu, SHESHA, ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi, ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi