Ake sifunde ngqo ngama-antibiotic. Izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo yakho!

Kukangaki uzwa igama elithi "antibiotic"? Uma uya kudokotela, uma uthenga imithi ekhemisi, noma ngisho nalapho ukhuluma nomngane, uzwa leli gama, akunjalo? Ayini ngempela lawa ma-antibiotic? Ingabe alungile noma angalungile emizimbeni yethu? Yini okufanele sicabange ngayo ngqo lapho siwasebenzisa? Ngize nale ncazelo namuhla ukuze ngiphendule imibuzo eminingi efana nale engqondweni yakho ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-antibiotic?

Kalula nje, ama-antibiotic ayimithi ekhethekile enikezwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi amabhaktheriya. Le mithi isebenza njengamasosha aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ahlasela izitha kuphela empini. Aya ngqo kumagciwane abangela lesi sifo futhi awabhubhise, noma avimba amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli ukuze angabe esasakazeka emzimbeni.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuthi ama-antibiotic asebenza kuphela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane. Khumbula, ama-antibiotic ngeke asebenze ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, isibonelo, umkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela (ngaphandle kwe-phlegm), udenga, i-chickenpox, njll. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya namagciwane amaqembu amabili ahlukene ngokuphelele ezinto eziphilayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane?

Ungase ucabange, "Ngakho-ke lezi zombili ziyizidalwa ezincane, akunjalo? Kungani umuthi onikezwa omunye ungasebenzeli omunye?" Kulungile, ngizokuchaza lokho kalula.

• Amabhaktheriya ayiqembu lama-microorganisms akhiwe ngamaseli awodwa futhi avame ukuhlala wodwa, ahlukane, futhi azalane ngokwawo. Kukhona amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu nasendaweni esikuyo, kanye nama-bacteria amabi abangela izifo.
• Ama-virus ayizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kunamabhaktheriya futhi awakwazi ukuphila ewodwa. Ukuze asinde, ahlukane, futhi azalane, kumele angene kwelinye iseli eliphilayo (iseli eliyi-host).

Ama-antibiotic aklanyelwe ukulimaza izingxenye ezithile zamagciwane (isibonelo, udonga lweseli lamagciwane) noma ukuphazamisa izinqubo zawo zokuphila (isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni). Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila kwamagciwane kuhluke kakhulu kokwamagciwane, ama-antibiotic awakwazi ukubulala amagciwane.

Okubalulekile: Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo somkhuhlane, ungaceli udokotela ukuthi, “Nginike umuthi wokulwa namagciwane.” Uma udokotela engakuniki umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, kungenzeka ukuthi awufanele ukugula kwakho.

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola umuthi wokulwa namagciwane?

Ukutholakala kwama-antibiotic kwaba yinguquko enkulu kwezokwelapha. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu abaningi babulawa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezilula. Cabanga nje ukuthi bangaki abantu ababulawa yinxeba elincane elithelelekayo noma ukutheleleka komphimbo (njengomphimbo obuhlungu).

Kodwa ngo-1928, usosayensi ogama lakhe lingu-Alexander Fleming wathola ngephutha umuthi wokuqala wokulwa namagciwane , i-penicillin . Waphawula ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwesikhunta (njengesikhunta esikhula e-orenji) lwamisa ukukhula kwamagciwane. Yilapho uhambo lwale mithi emangalisayo lwaqala khona. Namuhla, ama-antibiotic aseyinto ebalulekile ekwelapheni izifo eziningi zamagciwane, njenge-pneumonia, isifo sofuba, izifo zesikhumba, kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Asetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela izifo ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Izinhlobo zama-antibiotic nokuthi asebenza kanjani

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-antibiotic ezitholakalayo namuhla. Akuzona zonke ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Kuvimba amabhaktheriya ekwakheni udonga lwamaseli awo. Amabhaktheriya abe eseshiywa engenakuzivikela bese efa.
• Kuvimba amabhaktheriya ekwenzeni amaprotheni awadingayo. Amabhaktheriya awakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamaprotheni.
• Zilimaza i-DNA yamagciwane, noma zivimbele ukuthi ikopishwe. Ngemuva kwalokho amabhaktheriya awakwazi ukwahlukana nokwanda.

Udokotela uzokukhetha i-antibiotic ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, njengokuthi hlobo luni lwebhaktheriya olubangele ukutheleleka kwakho, ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic azwela kuwo amabhaktheriya, ubudala bakho, nokuthi unezinye izifo.

Amanye ama-antibiotic “ayi-broad-spectrum,” okusho ukuthi angasebenza ngokumelene namagciwane ahlukahlukene. Amanye “ayi-narrow-spectrum,” okusho ukuthi ahlasela izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zamagciwane.

Qiniseka ukuthi uyazikhumbula lezi zinto uma usebenzisa ama-antibiotic!

Nakuba ama-antibiotics eyimithi esindisa impilo ewusizo, angaba nemiphumela eyingozi uma engasetshenziswa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu kulezi zindaba.

1. Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela:

• Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu, thatha umuthi izinsuku ezigcwele udokotela wakho akutshele zona. Uma uyeka, amabhaktheriya amabi asele emzimbeni wakho angakwenza ugule futhi. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa namabhaktheriya asele nawo angaba namandla okumelana nomuthi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umuthi owunikezwayo ngesikhathi esizayo ungase ungasebenzi.
• Cabanga nje, umngane wakho uSumanawati unikezwe udokotela imithi yokulwa namagciwane izinsuku eziyi-7 ngenxa yokutheleleka komphimbo. Uma eyeka ukuthatha imithi ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-3, amagciwane asele angamenza agule futhi, mhlawumbe abangele isimo esiyingozi njengomkhuhlane wamathambo.

2. Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic anqunywe udokotela kuphela:

• Ungasebenzisi ama-antibiotic asele owawanikwa ngenxa yokugula kwangaphambilini. Umuthi ungase ungasebenzi kulowo muthi, noma umthamo ungase unganelisi.
• Ungaphuzi umuthi wokulwa namagciwane onikezwa umngane noma isihlobo sakho ucabanga ukuthi ulungele wena.

3. Unganiki omunye umuntu imithi yakho yokulwa namagciwane.

4. Ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela wakho uma une-allergies kunoma yimiphi imithi, uphuza imithi yezinye izifo, ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa, njengoba amanye ama-antibiotic engafaneleki ezimweni ezinjalo.

5. Qaphela imiphumela emibi:

• Ama-antibiotic amaningi angabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane. Lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kakhulu futhi kuyaphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuyeka umuthi.
• Kodwa-ke, uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso, noma ukuqubuka emzimbeni wakho wonke, kungaba uphawu lokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka , yeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokushesha bese ubona udokotela.

Iyini ingozi yokumelana nama-antibiotic?

Lena yinkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni namuhla. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic yilapho amabhaktheriya eba namandla kangangokuthi atholakele kuma-antibiotic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aze abe namandla okulwa nalawo ma-antibiotic. Kalula nje, amabhaktheriya aba “ahlakaniphile” futhi athole izindlela zokubalekela imithi esiwanika yona ukuze awabulale.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi siwasebenzisa kabi ama-antibiotic.

• Ukuthatha ama-antibiotic uma engadingeki (isib. ngenxa yomkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane).
• Ukungayithathi imithi isikhathi sonke esinqunywe udokotela.
• Thenga ama-antibiotic ekhemisi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela.

Uma ukumelana nama-antibiotic kukhuphuka, ngisho nokutheleleka kwamagciwane okuvamile kungase kungelapheki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izifo ezazelashwa ngomuthi olula ngaphambili zizodinga ukwelashwa okusha, okunamandla, nokubiza kakhulu. Kungaholela ngisho nasekuveleni "kwezinambuzane ezinkulu" okungekho omunye umuthi ongazelapha.

Sonke sinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuvimbela lokhu. Into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic njengoba kunqunywe udokotela.

Yini ekhethekile ngokunikeza izingane ama-antibiotic?

Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho unikeza izingane imithi elwa namagciwane.

• Umthamo: Umthamo wama-antibiotic anikezwa izingane unqunywa isisindo sazo. Umthamo onikezwa abantu abadala awukwazi ukunikezwa izingane.
• Uhlobo: Ezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotic azifanele iminyaka yezingane noma imizimba yazo ekhulayo.
• Iseluleko sikadokotela wezingane: Njalo nikeza ingane yakho ama-antibiotic kuphela anikezwe udokotela wezingane, njengoba nje esho, nangesikhathi asho ngaso.
• Ungaceli njalo ama-antibiotic ezintweni ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye nokukhwehlela okubangelwa amagciwane. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-antibiotic ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-bacterial tonsillitis, ezinye izifo zendlebe, kanye nezifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs).

Awukwazi yini ukusinda ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic?

Yebo! Kunezinto esingazenza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke:

• Hlala uhlanzekile: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle.
• Thola Imijovo: Kunemijovo engavimbela ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib. i-pneumonia, i-meningitis, ukukhwehlela okukhulu). Yithole ngesikhathi.
• Ukuphepha kokudla: Yidla ukudla okuphekiwe kahle nokuhlanzekile.
• Hlanza amanxeba kahle: Hlanza ngisho namanxeba amancane kahle bese ufaka ibhandeji uma kudingeka.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi usuyaqonda kahle ama-antibiotic. Okokugcina, ake sizikhumbuze la maphuzu futhi:

• Ama-antibiotic awuhlobo lomuthi oluwusizo olusetshenziswa kuphela ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane . Awasebenzi ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic njalo kuphela uma unikezwe udokotela, futhi kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe .
• Qiniseka ukuthi uqeda yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho. Ungayeki ukuyithatha ngoba nje izimpawu zakho seziphelile.
• Sonke masisize ekuvimbeleni isimo esiyingozi sokumelana nama-antibiotic. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokho ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile.
• Uma unokungabaza okuthile, ungabi namahloni ubuze udokotela wakho.

Ngikufisela impilo enempilo!

Ama - antibiotic, Amabhaktheriya, Igciwane, Ama-antibiotic, Ukutheleleka, Imithi, Impilo, Ukumelana nama-antibiotic, Ukwelashwa