Ingabe ikhanda lomntwana wakho likhulu kakhulu? Ake sifunde nge-Macrocephaly - Nirogi Lanka

Bazali abathandekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi niqaphele ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana wenu libonakala likhulu kancane kunezinye izingane ezingontanga yazo. Noma mhlawumbe udokotela wakho wezingane ukusho lokhu ngemuva kokulinganisa ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile? Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Macrocephaly." Sicela, ningesabi uma nizwa leli gama. Akuwona wonke amakhanda amakhulu abonisa ukukhathazeka kwezokwelapha. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe noNirogi Lanka.

Kuyini i-Macrocephaly?

Kalula nje, i-Macrocephaly isho ukuba "nekhanda elikhulu." Uma ingane yakho ine-macrocephaly, kusho ukuthi umjikelezo wekhanda layo mkhulu kakhulu kunowezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo nobulili obufanayo. Ngokwezokwelapha, odokotela bezingane bachaza lokhu njengomjikelezo wekhanda (olinganiswa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu) ongaphezu kwama-97% wezingane ezineminyaka efanayo - okuzibeka ngaphezu "kwephesenti lama-97" kumashadi okukhula ajwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, sicela ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. Nakuba i-macrocephaly ngezinye izikhathi ingaba uphawu lwesimo esingaphansi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ngokuvamile imane iyisici esizuzwe emalungwini omndeni. Lolu hlobo olungenangozi nolungadingi ukwelashwa lubizwa ngokuthi i-Benign Familyal Macrocephaly .

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-Macrocephaly ithinta phakathi kuka-2% no-5% wabantu bonke. Yisimo esivame ukubhekana naso eNirogi Lanka, ngakho-ke akuyona into engavamile, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisana ne-Macrocephaly?

Ake sibheke izimpawu ezihambisana ne-macrocephaly. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezizobonisa zonke izimpawu; ezinye izingane zingase zibe nekhanda elikhulu elingenazo ezinye izimpawu nhlobo.

• Ukukhula kwekhanda ngokushesha: Uma ubukhulu bekhanda bukhula ngokushesha kunokulindelekile, lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
• Imithambo yekhanda evelele: Ngezinye izikhathi, imithambo engaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda ingase ibonakale ingavamile noma ikhukhulekile.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Ukulibaziseka ekufinyeleleni izigaba ezibalulekile njengokumomotheka, ukuphakamisa ikhanda, ukugingqika, ukuhlala, noma ukuhamba.
• Ukubuka phansi: Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "Isimo Seso Lokushona Kwelanga," lapho amehlo omntwana ebonakala sengathi aqondiswa phansi njalo.
• Ama-fontanel aqinile noma aqinile: "Amabala athambile" ekhanda lomntwana (lapho amathambo engakahlangani khona) angase azwakale eqinile noma ekhukhumele.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla: Uma ingane yakho yenqaba ukudla njalo noma ikhombisa ukungabi nasithakazelo ekondleni.
• Ukuba khona kwezinye izimo: I-Macrocephaly ngezinye izikhathi ingahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana nesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka) noma i-autism.

Khumbula ukuthi uma ingane yakho ine-Benign Familyal Macrocephaly, cishe ngeke ubone zimpawu ngaphandle kobukhulu bekhanda elikhulu, okuyingxenye nje yokwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Yini ebangela i-Macrocephaly?

Izimbangela ze-macrocephaly zisukela ezimweni ezingenangozi (ezingemnandi) kuya ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, zezokwelapha.

Uma ingane yakho ine-Benign Familyal Macrocephaly, imane inekhanda elikhulu ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo—ivame ukufana nosayizi wekhanda lamanye amalungu omndeni. Lokhu akusikho okufanele kukhathazeke ngakho.

Nokho, kunezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona—ezinye ezizalwa nazo (ezikhona lapho kuzalwa) kanti ezinye zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—ezidinga uphenyo lwezokwelapha:

• I-Megalencephaly: Isakhiwo sobuchopho esikhulu ngokungavamile.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Ukuqongelela koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) ngaphakathi kobuchopho, okungadala ingcindezi ekhanda.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho: Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi njenge-Arteriovenous Malformation.
• I-Cranial Hyperostosis: Ukuqina ngokweqile kwamathambo ekhanda.
• Izimila zobuchopho.
• Ama-hematoma ahlala njalo: Amahlule egazi angase avele ngenxa yokulimala, ukuwa, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuthuthumela kosana.
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho: Izimo ezifana ne-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma amathumba obuchopho.
• Izifo zofuzo: Kubandakanya i-Achondroplasia, i-Fragile X Syndrome, i-Neurofibromatosis Type 1, i-PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (i-Cowden Syndrome), i-Gorlin Syndrome, kanye ne-Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome.
• Ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwekhanda: Noma yisiphi isimo esibangela ukucindezeleka kukhuphuke ngaphakathi kwekhanda.

I-Macrocephaly ihlolwa kanjani?

KwaNirogi Lanka, ochwepheshe bethu basebenzisa indlela ehlelekile yokuxilonga i-macrocephaly nokuhlonza imbangela eyisisekelo.

Ngaphambi kokubeletha

Udokotela wakho angase abone izimpawu ze-macrocephaly ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound okuvamile ngaphambi kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwekota yesibili noma ekuqaleni kwekota yesithathu.

Ngemva kokubeletha

Ngemva kokuzalwa, udokotela wakho wezingane uzokala njalo ububanzi bekhanda lomntwana wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala. Lezi zilinganiso ziqhathaniswa namashadi okukhula ajwayelekile, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa nobukhulu bekhanda labazali nezihlobo eziseduze. Uma kutholakala i-macrocephaly, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola imbangela ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-neurologic, udokotela wakho uzohlola:

• Udokotela wakho uzohlola umlando wokukhula kwengane yakho kanye nempilo yamanje ngokukubuza imibuzo eningiliziwe nokwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okuthambile.
• Uzobuzwa ukuthi ingane yakho ike yalimala ekhanda noma kukhona yini ukukhathazeka mayelana nomonakalo ebuchosheni noma ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
• Udokotela uzobuza nganoma yiziphi izifo okungenzeka ukuthi ube nazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ukuthi ingane ike yaba nezifo ezifana ne-meningitis kusukela izalwa. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ku-hydrocephalus (ukunqwabelana koketshezi ebuchosheni).
• Uzobuzwa ukuthi ingane yakho iyahlanza yini, ikhombisa ukucasuka okukhulu, noma ikhombisa izimpawu zekhanda elibuhlungu (njengokushintsha kokuziphatha noma ukukhala okungaduduzeki). Lokhu kungaba izinkomba zokucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kogebhezi.
• Udokotela wakho uzobuza ukuthi ingane yakho inomlando wokuxhuzula.

Ukuhlolwa Komzimba

Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, ngale kokulinganisa umjikelezo wekhanda, udokotela wakho uzohlola okulandelayo:

• Ama-Fontanels (Amachashaza Athambile): Lawa amagebe aguquguqukayo phakathi kwamathambo ekhanda. Avumela ikhanda ukuthi lidlule kalula emgudwini wokuzalwa futhi avumela ukukhula kobuchopho. I-fontanel yangemuva ivame ukuvala zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-2-3, kanti engaphambili ivala phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-9 nezingu-18. I-fontanel evuvukele, eqinile, noma eqinile ingaba uphawu lokwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda.
• Imithambo Yekhanda Evelele: Lokhu kungabonisa ukwanda komthamo wegazi noma ingcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• I-Desert-Sun Eye Phenomenon: Isimo lapho amehlo engane ebonakala ebheke phansi njalo, okuyisibonakaliso sezokwelapha sokwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda.
• Ukwehluleka Ukuchuma: Ukukhuluphala okuncane noma ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla ngezinye izikhathi kungahlotshaniswa nokukhathazeka okuyisisekelo kwezinzwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuskena nge-Ultrasound: Lesi ngokuvamile yisinyathelo sokuqala, esiphephile, nesilula kakhulu sokuxilonga, njengoba singabandakanyi imisebe futhi singadingi ukudambisa. Uma i-fontanel isavuliwe, lokhu kunikeza umbono ocacile wezakhiwo zobuchopho.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT Scan): Lokhu kuskena kunikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane zezicubu zobuchopho. Ngenxa yokuthi kusebenzisa imisebe, ngokuvamile kugcinelwe izimo lapho imiphumela ye-ultrasound ingaphelele noma uma ingane ingenakukwazi ukuthuliswa kahle ukuze ihlolwe i-MRI.
• I-Rapid MRI: Inguqulo ekhethekile nesheshayo ye-MRI evame ukungadingi ukudambisa, esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza uketshezi oluningi ebuchosheni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Macrocephaly?

Kubalulekile ukwazi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene ne-macrocephaly. Nakuba kungebona bonke abantu ababhekana nazo, ukuqaphela kubalulekile:

• Ukucindezelwa Kwe-Brainstem: Uma ubukhulu bekhanda buvimbela isikhala ngaphakathi kwekhanda, bungacindezela i-brainstem.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Isimo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha njengoba singaba yingozi empilweni.
• Ukuquleka kanye ne-Epilepsy.
• Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula.
• Ukusebenza kobuchopho okungavamile.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Macrocephaly?

Ukwelashwa kwe-macrocephaly kuncike kakhulu embangela eyinhloko.

I-Macrocephaly Yomndeni Engenabungozi kanye ne-BESSI

Uma ingane yakho ihlangabezana nezigaba zokukhula futhi ingenazo izimpawu zemizwa, futhi kunomlando womndeni onekhanda elikhulu, ngokuvamile kuyisici esingenangozi, esizuzwe njengefa esingadingi ukwelashwa . I-BESSI nayo ibhekwa njengesimo esingenangozi esivame ukuxazululeka sodwa njengoba amazinga oketshezi lomgogodla evame ukuguquguquka.

Izimbangela Zofuzo

Amacala ahlobene nezimo zofuzo angadinga ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, njengokwelashwa ngokomzimba, emsebenzini, ekukhulumeni, noma ekuziphatheni.

I-Hydrocephalus noma Ukopha Kobuchopho

Kulezi zimo, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ivame ukudingeka ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi oluningi noma kulungiswe indawo yokopha.

Isimila Sobuchopho

Izinhlelo zokwelapha zingase zihilele ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma imithi ye-steroid.

Ingabe i-Macrocephaly ingavinjelwa?

I-Macrocephaly ichaza nje ubukhulu bekhanda elikhulu; akusho ukuthi kukhona inkinga yezokwelapha. Uma ingena emndenini wakho, cishe iyisici esivamile nesinempilo. Udokotela wakho waseNirogi Lanka uzonquma ukuthi kukhona yini imbangela yezokwelapha eyisisekelo.

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-macrocephaly ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, izimbangela eziningi eziyisisekelo zingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Kuthiwani uma ingane yami ine-Macrocephaly?

Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-macrocephaly kodwa ihlangabezana nazo zonke izigaba zokukhula futhi ibonisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile zezinzwa, isibikezelo ngokuvamile siba sihle kakhulu, futhi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo nge-Benign Familyal Macrocephaly.

Uma kutholakala isimo esiyisisekelo, ukubikezela kuncike ngokuphelele kuleyo mbangela ethile. Ithimba lokunakekela ingane yakho eNirogi Lanka lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nezidingo zayo ezihlukile. Uma ubona izimpawu eziphathelene nalokhu, sicela ufune usizo ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Leli iphuzu elibalulekile. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha.

• I-fontanelle evuvukele noma eqine (indawo ethambile ekhanda lomntwana).
• Ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla okuqhubekayo noma ubunzima bokudla.
• Ukuhlanza njalo nokungapheli.
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile noma okungavamile.
• Ukudinwa ngokweqile noma ubunzima bokuvuka.
• Ukwanda kokucasuka okunzima ukukuthobisa.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinguquko eziyisisekelo esimweni somntwana wakho ezidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Hlala uzolile, futhi ufune isiqondiso sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ikhanda lomntwana kufanele likhule kangakanani?

Ake sibheke ukukhula kwekhanda okujwayelekile. Khumbula ukuthi lezi yizilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Ochwepheshe bezempilo basebenzisa amashadi okukhula ajwayelekile ukulandelela ngokunembile ukuthi ukukhula kwekhanda lengane yakho kulandela iphethini enempilo. Ngesikhathi sokuvakashela kwakho emtholampilo, lezi zilinganiso zizothathwa, futhi udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Macrocephaly ne-Megalencephaly?

Nakuba la magama ezwakala efana, kunomehluko ohlukile wezokwelapha.

I-Macrocephaly yigama elibanzi elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ubukhulu bekhanda elikhulu kunesilinganiso.

I-Megalencephaly iqondile kakhulu; ibhekisela ebuchosheni obukhulu ngokungavamile , okungaba yimbangela eyinhloko ye-macrocephaly.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi “amaqoqo angewona awemvelo ebuntwaneni”?

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Benign External Hydrocephalus , lokhu kubhekisela ekuqongeleleni okuncane koketshezi phakathi kobuchopho nogebhezi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinamakhanda amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo asidingi ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela ingane yakho, futhi ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo siphela sodwa njengoba ingane ikhula.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

Ake sifingqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu engxoxweni yethu.

I-Macrocephaly isho ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana wakho likhulu kunesilinganiso, okuvame ukubonakala kusukela ekuzalweni.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, akuwona wonke amakhanda amakhulu abonisa ukukhathazeka ngezokwelapha. Uma amanye amalungu omndeni enekhanda elikhulu futhi ingane yakho ingakhombisi ezinye izimpawu, kungase kube isici esingenangozi, esizuzwe njengefa.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-macrocephaly ngezinye izikhathi ingaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu, udokotela wakho wezingane uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa futhi angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (njenge-ultrasound noma i-MRI) uma kudingeka.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zitholelo, udokotela wakho uzobona imbangela futhi athuthukise uhlelo lokunakekela ingane yakho oluqondene nawe.

Uma unenkinga ngomntwana wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zesixwayiso ezixoxwe ngazo, sicela uxhumane nochwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha. Ukufuna iseluleko esinembile kuhlale kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza. I-Nirogi Lanka ifisela ingane yakho impilo enhle kanye nokuphila kahle!

Amagama angukhiye: Ikhanda elikhulu, i-Macrocephaly, Usayizi wekhanda lomntwana, Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho, i-Hydrocephalus, Izimo zofuzo, Izimo ze-Neurological