Ingabe ikhanda lomntwana wakho likhulu kakhulu? Ake sifunde nge-Macrocephaly.

Bomama nobaba, kungenzeka ukuthi niqaphele ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana wenu likhulu kancane kunezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo. Noma ingabe udokotela emtholampilo ulinganise umjikelezo wekhanda washo njalo? Yilokhu esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi ``Macrocephaly''. Kodwa ningesabi uma nizwa leli gama, kulungile? Ngoba akuwona wonke amakhanda amakhulu ayisifo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini i-Macrocephaly?

Kalula nje, `(Macrocephaly)` kusho ``ikhanda elikhulu.'' Uma ingane yakho ine``(Macrocephaly)``, kusho ukuthi umjikelezo wekhanda layo mkhulu kakhulu kunowezinye izingane ezineminyaka yobudala bayo nobulili bayo. Ukusho ngqo, ngokusho kodokotela, kusho ukuthi umjikelezo wekhanda lomntwana (isilinganiso esizungeze ingxenye enkulu yekhanda) mkhulu kunezingane ezingu-97 kwezingu-100 zaleyo minyaka (``iphesenti elingu-97`` kumashadi asetshenziswa odokotela). Lokho kusho ukuthi ikhanda layo likhulu kunezingane ezineminyaka yobudala bayo nobulili bayo.

Kodwa ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. `(Macrocephaly)` ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esidinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, isizathu sokuthi ikhanda lengane yakho likhulu singase sibe yinto eyenzeka emndenini wakho. Kuyisimo esingenangozi esingadingi ukwelashwa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(Benign Family Macrocephaly)` .

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Macrocephaly'' kuthiwa sithinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-2% no-5% e-United States. Lesi simo siyabonakala nasezweni lethu. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuzwa lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Macrocephaly?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonakala nge-`(Macrocephaly)`. Kodwa khumbula, akuzona zonke izingane okufanele zibe nazo zonke lezi zimpawu. Ezinye izingane zingase zingabi nazimpawu nhlobo, zinokhanda elikhulu nje.

• Ukukhula kwekhanda ngokushesha: Uma ikhanda lakho likhula ngokushesha kunokulindelekile, kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele.
• Imithambo ebonakalayo ekhanda: Ngezinye izikhathi, imithambo ingabonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda.
• Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula: Uma umntwana ephuza ukwenza izinto okufanele ngabe uzenza eneminyaka ethile (isibonelo: ukumamatheka, ukuqinisa intamo yakhe, ukugingqika, ukuhlala, ukuhamba, njll.), lokho kusho ukuthi "une-"Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula".
• Amehlo abheke phansi: Uma amehlo engane ehlala ebheke phansi esikhundleni sokubheka phambili (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "Ukushona Kwelanga-Isenzakalo Seso").
• Ukuqina noma ukuvuvukala kwezikhala eziphakathi kwamathambo ekhanda (ama-fontanels): Uma izindawo ezithambile (sizibiza ngokuthi ama-fontanels, odokotela bazibiza ngokuthi ``ama-fontanels'') ekhanda lomntwana ziqinile noma zivuvukala ngoba amathambo awakahlangani ngokugcwele.
• Isifiso sokudla: Uma ingane yenqaba ukudla noma ukuphuza, noma ingenaso isithakazelo sokudla noma ukuphuza.
• Ukwenzeka kanye nezinye izimo: Ngezinye izikhathi `(Isithuthwane)` (ukuquleka/ ukudlikizelaLokhu "(Macrocephaly)" kungabonakala ngezimo ezifana nokuthi "(Autism)".

Cabanga nje, uma ingane yakho ine-"Benign Familyal Macrocephaly" (okusho ikhanda elikhulu elingenangozi eligijima emndenini), ngeke uvame ukubona izimpawu ngaphandle kwekhanda elikhulu ngokungavamile.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-macrocephaly?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi kungani lokhu `(Macrocephaly)` kwenzeka, nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela. Izimbangela zalokhu zingahluka kusukela kwezengozi kuya kwezezimbi kakhulu.

Uma ingane yakho ine-"Benign Familyal Macrocephaly" (i-Benign Familyal Macrocephaly), kusho ukuthi inekhanda elikhulu kunelijwayelekile. Leli khanda elikhulu liyifa futhi lingase libe nobukhulu obufana nobomunye umuntu emndenini. Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimbangela ze-"Macrocephaly", ngezinye izikhathi eziyingozi. Ezinye zalezi zingase zibe yinto yokuzalwa, kanti ezinye zingase zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zifaka:

• I-Megalencephaly: Ukukhula okungavamile kobuchopho.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kukhona uketshezi lomgogodla oluningi (CSF) oluzungeze ubuchopho. Lolu ketshezi oluningi lusunduza ubuchopho lungene ekhanda, lubeke ingcindezi ebuchosheni.
• Ukopha ebuchosheni: Ngezinye izikhathi kungabangelwa ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni (njengokuhluleka kwemithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi).
• I-Cranial Hyperostosis: Ukuqina ngokweqile kwamathambo ekhanda.
• Izimila zobuchopho.
• Ama-Hematoma: Lawa amahlule egazi. Angabangelwa izinto ezifana nokulimala ekhanda, ukuwa, noma ukunyakazisa umntwana kakhulu.
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho: Isibonelo, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma i-brain abscess.
• Izinkinga zofuzo: Isibonelo, izimo zofuzo ezifana `(Achondroplasia)` (isimo esivimbela ukukhula), `(Fragile X Syndrome)`, `(Neurofibromatosis Type 1)`, `(PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome)` (ebizwa nangokuthi `(Cowden Syndrome)`), `(Gorlin Syndrome)` kanye `(Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome)`.
• Ukwanda Kokucindezela Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda: Ukwanda kokucindezela ngaphakathi kwekhanda ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu.

Ungayibona kanjani (i-Macrocephaly)?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi odokotela baxilonga kanjani i-macrocephaly, nokuthi bangathola kanjani ukuthi iyini imbangela.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Udokotela wakho ngezinye izikhathi angabona ukuthi ingane yakho ine-macrocephaly ngokusebenzisa ama-ultrasound scan ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwe-trimester yesibili noma ekuqaleni kwe-trimester yesithathu.

Ngemva kokuzalwa

Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, ngokuvamile kuyo yonke imitholampilo cishe iminyaka emihlanu, udokotela ulinganisa umjikelezo wekhanda lomntwana. Bese, isilinganiso siqhathaniswa neshadi lokukhula elijwayelekile labanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo nobulili. Usayizi wekhanda likamama, ubaba, kanye nogogo nomkhulu naye uyacatshangelwa.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-macrocephaly ibangelwa yini, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola imbangela. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa

Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, udokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Bazokubuza imibuzo noma benze izivivinyo ezincane enganeni yakho ukuze bathole ngomlando wokukhula kwengane kanye nesimo sayo samanje.
• Buza ukuthi ingane ike yalimala ekhanda noma yalimala yini ebuchosheni noma ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
• Bazokubuza ukuthi ngabe uke waba nokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ukuthi uke waba nokutheleleka okufana ne-meningitis ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Lokhu kungabangela i-hydrocephalus (ukunqwabelana koketshezi ebuchosheni).
• Buza ukuthi ingane iyahlanza yini, iyacasuka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, noma ikhombisa izimpawu zekhanda elibuhlungu (okungukuthi, ukushintsha kokuziphatha, ukukhala okungaduduzeki). Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• Buza ukuthi ingane ike yaba nesifo sokuwa ngaphambili.

Ukuhlolwa Komzimba

Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, ngaphezu kokulinganisa ukujikeleza kwekhanda, udokotela uzobheka nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ama-Fontanels: Lawa amabala athambile phezulu kwekhanda lomntwana, abizwa ngokuthi ama-fontanels. Lawa yilapho amathambo ekhanda engakahlangani khona ngokugcwele. Yilokhu okuvumela ikhanda lomntwana ukuthi liphume kalula lapho ezalwa. I-fontanel ngemuva kwekhanda ivame ukuvala ngezinyanga ezi-2-3. I-fontanel engaphambili kwekhanda ivala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 neziyi-18. Uma le-fontanel inkulu, ivuvukele, futhi iqinile, kungaba uphawu lokwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda (ICP).
• Imithambo emikhulu ekhanda: Lokhu kuwuphawu lokwanda komthamo wegazi emithanjeni yegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• ``Isenzakalo Seso Lokushona Kwelanga``: Amehlo engane ahlala ebheke phansi, kunokuba abheke phambili. Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokucindezeleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala: Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala ngenxa yokuntula ukudla, isimo esisibiza ngokuthi "Ukwehluleka Ukuchuma", ngezinye izikhathi kungahlotshaniswa nenkinga yobuchopho.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

Lokhu kungafaka okulandelayo:

• `(I-Ultrasound Scan)` (I-Ultrasound Scan): Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala udokotela angakwenza. Ngoba kuphephile (akusebenzi ngemisebe), kuyashesha, kulula ukukwenza, futhi akudingi ukuba umntwana alaliswe. Uma i-frontal fossa yengane (ikakhulukazi leyo engaphambili kwekhanda) ingavaliwe, lokhu kuskena kungabheka izinto eziningi ebuchosheni.
• `(I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan)` (I-CT Scan): Lokhu kuskena kungabheka izinguquko ezicutshini zobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ngoba kusebenzisa imisebe, udokotela uncoma lokhu kuphela uma `(I-Ultrasound)` inganikezanga ulwazi olufanele, noma uma ingane ingenakulaliswa.
• Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lena indlela ekhethekile nesheshayo ye-MRI. Ayidingi ukuthi ingane ilaliswe. Ingabona uketshezi oluningi ebuchosheni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Macrocephaly?

Kudingeka futhi siqaphele izinkinga ezingase zihlotshaniswe nesimo esithi ``(Macrocephaly)``. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nalokhu, kodwa kuhle ukuqaphela.

• Ukucindezelwa kwe-Brainstem: Uma ubuchopho bungenalo isikhala esanele ngaphakathi kwekhanda ngenxa yekhanda elikhulu, i-brainstem ingacindezelwa.
• I-Hydrocephalus (amanzi ebuchosheni): Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.
• Ukuquleka kanye nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula.
• Ukusebenza kobuchopho okungavamile.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Macrocephaly?

Nokho-ke, uphatha kanjani le `(Macrocephaly)`? Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kuncike embangela eyinhloko.

(I-Benign Family Macrocephaly) kanye (Ukwandiswa Okungekuhle Kwesikhala Se-Subarachnoid Ebuntwaneni - BESSI)

Uma ingane yakho ingenazo izimpawu zemizwa, iqeda izinyathelo zokukhula kahle, futhi inomlando womndeni wekhanda elikhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi leli khanda elikhulu liyifa. Uma kunjalo , akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. `(BESSI)` nayo iyisimo esingenangozi. Kulokhu, kukhona okuncane `(Cerebrospinal Fluid)` (uketshezi lomgogodla wobuchopho) kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, kodwa akulona ingozi, futhi kuzophela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Izimbangela zofuzo (i-Macrocephaly)

Kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungadingeka. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo nolimi, kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.

Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni

Kulesi simo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluningi noma kumiswe ukopha.

Isimila sobuchopho

Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nama-steroids.

Ingabe i-Macrocephaly ingavinjelwa?

I-Macrocephaly yigama nje elisetshenziswa ukuchaza ikhanda elikhulu. Leli gama ngokwalo alisho ukuthi liyingozi. Uma umndeni wakho waziwa ukuthi unekhanda elikhulu, khona-ke ukuba nekhanda elikhulu kungaba yisimo esijwayelekile nesinempilo. Udokotela wengane yakho uzonquma ukuthi ikhona yini imbangela yezokwelapha ye-macrocephaly.

Akukho lutho olungenziwa ukuvimbela i-macrocephaly. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziningi ezibangela lokhu.

Kwenzekani uma ingane yami ine-Macrocephaly?

Kwenzekani uma ingane yakho ine-`(Macrocephaly)`?

Uma ikhanda lengane yakho likhulu kodwa lijwayelekile (izinyathelo zokukhula, ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa), khona-ke i-"macrocephaly" ngokuvamile ayinangozi futhi umphumela uba muhle. Akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo uma ingane yakho itholakala ine-"benign familial macrocephaly".

Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona imbangela eyisisekelo ye-macrocephaly, okulindelekile kuzoncika esibangweni esithile. Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwengane yakho luzoba oluqondene nayo ngqo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu enganeni yakho , bona udokotela ngokushesha.

• Uma ibunzi (indawo ethambile ) ekhanda lomntwana livuvukele.
• Uma ungenaso isithakazelo sokudla.
• Uma uhlanza njalo.
• Uma kukhona ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile.
• Uma uzizwa ulele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Uma uthukuthela kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi kunzima ukukududuza.

Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi isimo somntwana singase sishintshe, ngakho udokotela uzophenya futhi anqume ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini. Ungesabi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ikhanda lomntwana omncane liba likhulu kangakanani?

Ake sibheke ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana likhula kangakanani ngesikhathi esemncane. Ingabe lezi yizindinganiso ezivamile nje? Odokotela bamukele amashadi okukhula kwalokhu. Yiwona anquma ngokunembile ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana likhula ngendlela evamile. Umtholampilo uzothatha lezi zilinganiso futhi akuchazele zona.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-(Macrocephaly) kanye ne-(Megalencephaly)?

La magama amabili afana kancane, kodwa kunomehluko omncane.

Igama elithi `(Macrocephaly)` liyigama elibanzi. Lisho nje 'ikhanda elikhulu ngokungavamile.' elithi `(Megalencephaly)` lingaba yimbangela eyodwa ye-`(Macrocephaly)`.

Igama elithi "Megalencephaly" lisho ukuthi 'ubuchopho obukhulu ngokungavamile.'

Kuyini “amaqoqo angenabungozi ebuntwaneni”?

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Benign External Hydrocephalus)`. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elincane loketshezi liqongelelene phakathi kobuchopho bomntwana kanye nogebhezi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinamakhanda amakhulu. Ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ingane yakho ngokucophelela. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo siyanyamalala sodwa njengoba izingane zikhula.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ake sibheke ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

I-Macrocephaly isho ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana wakho likhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala lapho ezalwa.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke amakhanda amakhulu ayisifo. Uma abanye abantu emndenini wakho nabo benamakhanda amakhulu, futhi kungekho ezinye izimpawu, lokhu kungase kungabi yingozi.

Kodwa-ke, "i-Macrocephaly" ngezinye izikhathi ingaba uphawu lwesifo esibucayi.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela wengane yakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa, futhi uma kudingeka, enze izivivinyo zezithombe (ukuskena) ekhanda.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezo zivivinyo, udokotela uzonquma imbangela bese edala uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele.

Uma unenkinga ngomntwana wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso esikhulume ngazo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, kodwa ukuthola iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha. Ngifisela ingane yakho ukululama okunempilo!

Ikhanda elikhulu, i-macrocephaly, ikhanda lomntwana, intuthuko yobuchopho, i-hydrocephalus, izifo zofuzo, izifo zezinzwa