Igama elithi 'isimila sobuchopho' noma 'umdlavuza wobuchopho' likwenza uthuthumele, akunjalo? Liyigama elesabekayo ngempela. Kodwa uma sesikwazi konke lokhu, singakunciphisa lokho kwesaba ngezinga elikhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-glioma, olungavela ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Ake sibone ukuthi luyini ngempela, kungani luqala, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
Iyini ngempela iGlioma?
Kalula nje, i-glioma igama elijwayelekile leqembu lomdlavuza eliqala 'kumaseli e-glial' ebuchosheni bethu nasemgogodleni. Lawa maseli e-glial awuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli olusekela, luvikele, futhi londle amaseli ethu ezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, i-glioma yakheka lapho la maseli eqala ukukhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
Izimpawu, ukubikezela, kanye nokwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kuncike eminyakeni yakho, uhlobo lomdlavuza, izimpawu zofuzo (ama-biomarker) onawo, nokuthi isimila sitholakala kuphi ebuchosheni. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glioma zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi zisakazekele ezicutshini zobuchopho ezivamile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunzima kakhulu ukususa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungenzeki nhlobo.
Ama-glioblastoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho esinomdlavuza kubantu abadala. Avame kakhulu kubantu abadala futhi avame kakhulu kwabesilisa.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ezibangela lokhu?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kutholakale izici eziningana ezinkulu ezibangela i-glioma.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphambilini: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphambilini ebuchosheni kuyisici esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezinolaka ze-gliomas.
- Ukulimala ekhanda: Ukulimala ekhanda nakho kubhekwa njengesici esiyingozi ngezinga elithile.
- Izimo zofuzo: Nakuba ezinye izimo zofuzo zandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza ezinganeni, awuvamile kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi imikhuba yabo yokuphila kungenzeka ukuthi iyimbangela yalokhu. Kodwa khumbula, akukho ukuxhumana okuqinisekisiwe phakathi kwezinto zokuphila ezifana nokuphuza utshwala, ukubhema, noma ukusebenzisa ifoni kanye ne-malignant glioma. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile ngakho.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye namazinga e-glioma
I-Glioma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluhlukaniswa ngohlobo lweseli le-glial elivela kulo nokuthi likhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Kalula nje, lingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: "ukukhula kancane" (ibanga eliphansi) kanye "nokukhula ngokushesha" (ibanga eliphezulu). Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-glioma | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ama-astrocytomas | Lokhu kuqala kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-astrocyte. Avame ukusabalala ezicutshini zobuchopho, okwenza kube nzima ukuwelapha ngokuphelele. Ahlelwa kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-4. Ibanga loku-1 likhula kancane kakhulu, kanti iBanga lesi-4 lihlobo olushesha kakhulu nolunzima kakhulu. |
| Ama-oligodendroglioma | Lokhu kuqala kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocyte. Amanye akhula kancane, kodwa angasakazekela ezicutshini ezizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa angelapheka. Izinhlobo zezinga eliphezulu zisakazeka ngokushesha futhi kunzima ukuzelapha. |
| Ama-glioblastoma | Lezi ziwumdlavuza onolaka kakhulu ovela ezigabeni zokuqala zamaseli e-glial. Zihlala zisesigabeni sesi-4. Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho olunolaka kakhulu nolukhula ngokushesha olubonakala kubantu abadala. |
| Ama-Ependymoma | Lezi futhi ziwuhlobo lwe-glioma. Njengoba zingangeni ezicutshini zobuchopho njengezinye izinhlobo, zingaphumelela kakhulu uma zisusiwe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, zingasakazeka ngoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal. |
Ibanga lomdlavuza kanye nezimpawu zofuzo
Ngokusho kwesigaba se-World Health Organisation (WHO), la ma-cancer ahlukaniswa ngokwezinga ngokusekelwe endleleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka ngayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope kanye nephrofayili yawo yezakhi zofuzo. Ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo (isb., `IDH mutation`, `1p/19q co-deletion`) kubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usabela kahle ekwelashweni okuthile. Lezi yizinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lezi.
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?
Izimpawu ze-glioma ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimila sobuchopho sikuphi. Isibonelo, ungase ube nekhanda elihlukile kwekhanda elivamile futhi libonakala liba libi kakhulu usuku nosuku. Noma ungase ube nokuquleka ngokuzumayo. Lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanomdlavuza wobuchopho banalesi sibonakaliso.
- Ukuquleka: Ukuqala kokuquleka okungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva.
- Ubuthakathaka bomzimba: ukungazweli engalweni noma emlenzeni owodwa, ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha.
- Izinkinga zokubona: ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma: ukungakwazi ukukhumbula igama elifanele ngesikhathi ukhuluma, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma kahle.
- Izinguquko zobuntu: Izinguquko ekuziphatheni, njengokuthukuthela noma ukucasuka okungazelelwe.
Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kancane kancane njengoba zibhubhisa amangqamuzana obuchopho, zicindezela izingxenye zobuchopho, futhi zibangele ubuchopho ukuba buvuvuke.
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma kusolwa ukuthi kunomdlavuza wobuchopho, into yokuqala udokotela angayenza uku-oda ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kobuchopho.
1. Ukuskena: Kusetshenziswa i-`CT` scan noma i-`MRI` scan. I-`MRI` scan ingathola izithombe ezicacile.
2. I-Biopsy: Uma ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isimila, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yaso bese ihlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-biopsy'. Uma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa, le ngxenye ingathathwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma isimila sijule ebuchosheni futhi singenakuhlinzwa, inqubo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-stereotactic needle biopsy' isetshenziswa ukwenza imbobo encane ekhanda bese kudluliselwa inaliti kuyo ukuze kutholakale isampula yezicubu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-glioma. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni, ibanga, indawo, izimpawu zofuzo (ama-biomarker) omdlavuza, kanye nobudala besiguli kanye nempilo yaso iyonke.
- Ukuhlinzwa:Umgomo oyinhloko ukususa isimila ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza imisebenzi ebalulekile yobuchopho (inkulumo, ukunyakaza) kunganciphisa izimpawu futhi kulawule ukusabalala kwesifo.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Kusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla aphezulu noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi (ngamaphilisi noma imijovo) evimba ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu kuhlukile ku-chemotherapy ejwayelekile. Lena imithi yesimanje eqondisa futhi ihlasele amaprotheni athile noma izimpawu zofuzo ezisiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule.
- Ukwelashwa Okuhlukile Kwensimu Kagesi: Lena indlela entsha yokwelapha. Ama-electrode abekwa phezu kogebhezi bese kusetshenziswa insimu kagesi enamandla aphansi, ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana avamile. Kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi ``Optune Gio``` kulokhu.
- Ukwelashwa Okusekelayo: Ukwelashwa okunikezwa ukulawula izimpawu. Isibonelo, ama-corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuxhuzula ukulawula ukuxhuzula.
- Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo: Ucwaningo oluhlola ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Ezinye iziguli zingase zikwazi ukuhlanganyela kulokhu.
Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha i-astrocytoma esezingeni eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, i-glioblastoma esezingeni eliphezulu idinga inhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy.
Khumbula, zonke lezi zinqumo zenziwa yithimba lezokwelapha eliholwa udokotela wakho. Ngakho-ke uma unemibuzo nganoma yini, ungesabi ukuyibuza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Glioma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emaseli asekelayo obuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obungavamile, ukuxhuzula okungachazeki, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, noma ubuthakathaka engxenyeni yomzimba wakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Imikhuba yokuphila efana nokusebenzisa ifoni, ukubhema, nokuphuza utshwala ayikabonakali ukuthi iyimbangela yalo mdlavuza. Ngakho-ke ungawesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Izindlela zokwelapha (ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, i-chemotherapy) zinqunywa odokotela ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni kanye nezinga lomdlavuza kanye nesimo sesiguli.
- Nakuba izinga lokwelashwa kwama-gliomas asezingeni eliphezulu liphansi, imiphumela engcono ingatholakala ngokusekelwe ekwelashweni kwesimanje kanye nezimpawu zofuzo zesiguli.
- Uma unokungabaza , kungcono futhi kuphephile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho kunokusesha ku-inthanethi ngakho.
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