Uyafuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi ayini ama-Mast Cell? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngegama elithi 'Amaseli Amancane' ngaphambili, akunjalo? Kodwa lawa uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli oluvikela imizimba yethu. Njengabalindi abancane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lapho laba balindi bejabule kakhulu, singena enkingeni. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe, kalula, ngokuthi ayini lawa maseli amancane, ukuthi asebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu, nokuthi yiziphi izimo angadala.

Ayini ama-Mast Cells?

Kalula nje, amaseli e-mast angamasosha akhethekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba . Akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo . Abese ehamba egazini lethu futhi ahlale ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wonke. Njengabalindi ababekwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe, lawa maseli e-mast abekwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wethu, alungele ukusivikela ezinsongweni zangaphandle. Angalwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi asize ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba wethu.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi la maseli e-mast aba ukuzivikela ngokweqile futhi aqale ukusabela ezintweni ezingeyona ingozi kithi. Uma une-allergies yesizini noma i-asthma ye-allergy, esinye sezizathu zalokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi we-mast cell. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ukusebenza kwe-mast cell kungabangela ngisho nokusabela okungazelelwe, okukhulu kwe-allergy okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yini eyenziwa amaseli e-mast emizimbeni yethu?

Amaseli e-mast asebenza 'njengesistimu yokuqapha' yomzimba wethu. Avikela imizimba yethu kubahlaseli bangaphandle, njengezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya kanye nezinambuzane , kanye nobuthi obubangelwa yinyoka kanye nobuthi bezinyosi. Aphinde alwe nanoma yini acabanga ukuthi iyingozi, noma ngabe ayisiyo. Yilapho-ke sithola khona ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba .

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli e-mast awabhubhisi ngokuqondile amagciwane. Kunalokho, ahlala eqaphile ngaphakathi kwezicubu zethu, elinde isignali yokuthi kukhona okulimazayo okungene emzimbeni.

Asebenza kanjani amaseli e-mast?

Cabanga ngento ongayithandi, isibonelo, uthuli, impova, noma ukudla okubangela i-allergy, kungena emzimbeni wakho. Olunye uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela, olubizwa ngama -B cell, luyaqaphela lo mhlaseli. Uma eseluqaphela, aqala ukwenza amaprotheni akhethekile, abizwa ngama -antibodies, ukuze alwe nalo. Ama-antibodies athile akhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi abizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Ukusho.

Lawa ma-antibodies e-IgE ahamba ngokushesha aye futhi anamathele kuma-receptor athile ebusweni bamaseli e-mast, njengozipho lwekati. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo umhlaseli ofanayo (isb. impova, uthuli) ephinda efika emzimbeni, i-IgE kumaseli e-mast izoyibamba.

Yilapho-ke amaseli e-mast "esebenza khona." Kufana ne-alamu yomlilo ekhalayo.

Uma amaseli e-mast evuselelwa ngale ndlela, akhipha ngokuzumayo ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine kanye namanye amakhemikhali amaningi agcinwe ezikhwameni ezincane (ama-granule okugcina) ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-degranulation .

Yilawa ma-histamine namanye amakhemikhali abangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Imithambo yethu yegazi iyavuleka, futhi uketshezi luqoqana ezicutshini ezizungezile, okubangela ukuvuvukala . Lokhu kuvumela amangqamuzana omzimba ukuba asheshe afike endaweni yokutheleleka, athwale abahlaseli baye kuma-lymph node ukuze ababhubhise.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus (phlegm) kuyanda.
• Imisipha ebushelelezi endleleni yethu yokuphefumula kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla (amathumbu) iyafinyela bese izama ukukhipha izinto eziyingozi ngokunyakaza okufana namagagasi (i-peristalsis).

Lezi zinto zingabangela isikhumba sakho sibe bomvu, sivuvuke, futhi silume. Ungase ube nekhala eligobhozayo, uthimule, noma ukhwehlele. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ube nesifo sohudo noma ukuhlanza. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, le nqubo ingabangela ukuba imigudu yomoya ivuvuke, kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula, futhi ibangele ukwehla okuyingozi komfutho wegazi, okungaholela ngisho nasekushayweni okukhulu kwe-anaphylaxis, isimo esisongela ukuphila.

Amaseli e-Mast kanye ne-homeostasis

Ngaphezu kokubangela ukungezwani komzimba, amaseli e-mast asiza ukulinganisela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wethu, okungukuthi, ukugcina isimo 'se-homeostasis' . Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukukhula kwamathambo.
• Ukukhula nokulungiswa kwamaseli omgudu wokuphefumula.

Akuphi amaseli e-mast emzimbeni wethu?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli e-mast ambalwa kakhulu egazini lethu. Esikhathini esiningi, sibhekene nento eyingozi ngokuyiphefumula, ngokuyidla, noma ngesilonda sesikhumba. Yingakho amaseli e-mast evame ukutholakala ku:

• Endleleni yethu yokuphefumula nasemaphashini .
• Uhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla (i-GI tract) (isisu, amathumbu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maseli e-mast atholakala futhi ezungeze imithambo yegazi kanye nemizwa yethu.

Yiziphi izingxenye zeseli le-mast?

Uma uthatha iseli le-mast, line -nucleus phakathi nendawo, okuyi-"brain" yeseli. Eduze kwale nucleus kunamakhulu ezakhiwo ezincane ezifana ne-sac ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-granule .Kungaphakathi kwala ma-granule lapho kugcinwa khona izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene (abaxhumanisi) . Lezi zithunywa yizo ezithumela izimpawu emzimbeni ukuze ziphendule lapho into eyingozi ihlangana nawo. Amanye amakhemikhali ayinhloko yilawa:

• I-Histamine: Sesikhulume ngalokhu ngaphambili. Iyandisa imithambo yegazi, ivumele uketshezi namaseli omzimba ukuthi angene ezicutshini. Iphinde inciphise imigudu yomoya kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla, ikhiqize i-mucus ukusiza ekukhipheni amagciwane.
• Ama-Protease: (Izibonelo: i-tryptase, i-chymase, i-carboxypeptidase A). Ama-Protease awuhlobo lwe-enzyme ephula amaprotheni. Asiza ekuphuleni izicubu ezixhumeneyo, okuvumela amangqamuzana omzimba ukuthi afinyelele kalula endaweni.
• Ama-Cytokine/ama-chemokine: Lawa amaprotheni amancane abonisa amanye amangqamuzana omzimba ukuthi enze amakhophi amaningi awo, ukwenza imithambo yegazi "inamathele" ukuze amangqamuzana omzimba akwazi ukuthuthwa aye ezicutshini, futhi aqoqe amangqamuzana ukuze ahlanze futhi alungise izindawo ezonakele.
• I-Heparin: Lokhu kuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingajiyi, ngakho-ke kusiza ukugcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile.

Ama-receptor eseli le-mast

Amaseli e-mast anezitho eziningi ezahlukene zokwamukela ebusweni bawo. Lawa angamaphrotheni akhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Njengesihluthulelo esifaka i-lock, lawa ma-receptor asebenzisana namanye amaphrotheni okubonisa ukuze asebenze amaseli e-mast.

Kulawa, i-IgE receptor, esixoxe ngayo ekuqaleni, iyona eyaziwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli e-mast nawo anama-receptor ezinye izinhlobo zama-antibodies (isb., i-Immunoglobulin G / IgG) kanye nokubona ngqo amagciwane (isb., ama-Toll-like receptors).

Yiziphi izimo ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene namaseli e-mast?

Ezinye zezimo ezivamile esizibonayo ezihlobene namaseli e-mast yilezi:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nendawo (isib. uthuli, impova, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo)
• Isifuba somoya
• Ukungezwani nokudla
• Ama-Blisters okushisa/ ama-Hives

Izifo ezingavamile zamaseli e-mast

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo eziningana ezingavamile ezihlobene namaseli e-mast:

• I-Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Lesi yisimo lapho, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma i-anaphylaxis zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokwanda okukhulu kwenani lamaseli e-mast emzimbeni (i-Mastocytosis).
• I-alpha-tryptasemia ezuzwe njengefa / i-hypertryptasemia yomndeni:Lesi yisimo sofuzo esenzeka lapho umzimba unezinga eliphezulu le-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-tryptase, ekhiqizwa amaseli e-mast. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanalesi simo sofuzo ababi nezimpawu.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zesifo se-mast cell?

I-Histamine ekhishwa esifweni se-mast cell ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, ukubomvu, noma ukulunywa.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema) .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-anaphylaxis ephindaphindayo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lezi zimo?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi unesifo se-mast cell, angenza izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuze abone ukuthi ama-mast cell akho ayasebenza yini:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba.

Udokotela angenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kokungezwani komzimba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze abone izimbangela. Ngezinye izikhathi ilebhu ingenza nokuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze ibone ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yini yisimo sofuzo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-mast cell kuncike ezimpawu zakho nokuthi yini ebangela zona. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukugwema izinto ezaziwayo ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba .
• Imithi yokulawula izimpawu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-antihistamine , ama-acid reducers, kanye nemithi yokuguqula i-leukotriene (isb., i-montelukast).
• Iziqinisi zamaseli e-mast. Le mithi ivimbela ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali anjenge-histamine kumaseli e-mast.
• Imithi yokunciphisa noma yokwelapha i-anaphylaxis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne -epinephrine kanye ne-omalizumab .
• Ukwelashwa nge-cytoreductive/chemotherapy . Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-mastocytosis, ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa imithi ye-chemotherapy evame ukusetshenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe amaseli e-mast alungile noma amabi?

Iningi labantu lizwa kuphela ngamaseli e-mast uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngawo, ngakho-ke ungase ucabange ukuthi amaseli e-mast ayinto embi. Kodwa empeleni, asiza ekuvikeleni imizimba yethu kubahlaseli abayingozi futhi alawule izitho zethu zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiningi, alungile.

Cabanga nje, ama-siren ayakhala. Ithimba lezokuphepha lifika endaweni yesehlakalo. Amaseli akho e-mast ashaya i-alamu, futhi amasosha omzimba wakho ayagijima ukuze asindise usuku. Ayingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela somzimba. Kodwa sivame ukunaka kakhulu amaseli e-mast uma enesithakazelo esikhulu emsebenzini wawo. Kodwa futhi aqinisa ukuzivikela kwethu futhi asiza ekulawuleni imithambo yegazi nezitho zethu zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uthimula, ukhala impumulo egobhozayo, noma uzizwa ulunywa kancane, ungakhohlwa ukubonga amaseli akho e-mast ngokuqapha kwawo!

Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule ngamafuphi

Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kukho konke lokhu ukuthi amaseli e-mast ayizinduna ezincane ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Asivikela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene kanye nobuthi obuvela ngaphandle. Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi lapho eba nomuzwa wokuzwela kakhulu, angasabela ezintweni ezingeyona ingozi, futhi asibangele izimo ezifana nokungezwani komzimba.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njalo, njengesikhumba esilumayo, amaqhubu, impumulo egobhozayo, ukuthimula, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko ngaphandle kokusinaka. Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo namuhla ezingasiza ekulawuleni eziningi zalezi zimo.

Amaseli e -mast, amasosha omzimba, ukungezwani komzimba, i-histamine, i-anaphylaxis, ukusebenza kweseli, izimpawu