Ukungezwani komzimba

"Angikuboni, nginesifo sokungezwani komzimba!" Sihlekisa ngabantu abangafanelani nathi, akunjalo? Njengoba nje sikhathala ngabantu uma bengafanelani nemibono yethu, sibiza i-allergy ngokuthi ukuzonda komzimba izinto ezithile zangaphandle ezingafanelani nomzimba wethu.

Uma ngikhuluma ngale nkinga yokungezwani komzimba, ngikhumbula isigameko esenzeke kumngane wami omkhulu uRumesh ngesikhathi ngifunda e-Colombo Medical Faculty.

Ngolunye usuku, iqembu lethu laya ehhotela eliseduze nekhampasi, sijabule ngokuthi siqede umsebenzi omkhulu. Sa-oda irayisi elisha elikhethekile lapho. Ngemva kokuthola ukudla, sasixoxa futhi sikunambitha, lapho uRumesh ngokuzumayo ethi, "O, umlomo wami uzwakala ungavamile."

Lapho sibheka nje, izindebe zikaRumesh zazivuvukele, umzimba wakhe wonke wawugcwele amabala abomvu, namehlo akhe ayebomvu. Okwakwethusa nakakhulu yilapho uRumesh eqala ukukhala ethi, "Angikwazi ukuphefumula, dokotela." URumesh wayenomdlavuza wephayinaphu. Ngenxa yokuthi ilayisi lalinophayinaphu, waba ne -anaphylaxis, ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba okusongela impilo.

Ngenhlanhla, omunye umngane wethu wajova i-adrenaline (i-epinephrine), ngakho sayijova khona kanye ehhotela futhi sathatha uRumeshi ngokushesha saya esibhedlela. Lokho kwasindisa impilo kaRumeshi ngalolo suku.

Ngakho-ke namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi kungani lokhu kungezwani komzimba kwenzeka nokuthi kufanele senze kanjani esimweni esiphuthumayo kangaka.

Kuyini ukungezwani komzimba?

Ukungezwani komzimba yisimo esibangelwa ukungaqondi kahle ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba.

Uma into yangaphandle, njengothuli, impova, ukudla, noma imithi, evame ukungalimazi umzimba wethu ingena emizimbeni yethu, amasosha omzimba ethu ayibheka ngephutha njengesitha (into eyingozi). Bese ikhiqiza i-antibody ebizwa ngokuthi i-IgE (Immunoglobulin E) ukuze ilwe nayo. Lokhu ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka emzimbeni okubangela lezi zimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba

• Ukungezwani nokudla: Ukungezwani nokudla okubangelwa ukudla okufana namakinati, amaqanda, ubisi, inhlanzi, igobolondo, ukolweni, isoya, kanye nezithelo ezifana nephayinaphu.
• Umkhuhlane Wezinsini: Ukuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, namehlo alumayo okubangelwa ukuphefumula uthuli, uboya bezilwane, noma impova evela ezimbalini emoyeni.
• Ukungezwani nesikhumba (i-Atopic Dermatitis): Ukuqubuka okubomvu nokulumayo esikhumbeni okubangelwa ukuthintana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, insipho, noma izindwangu.
• Ukungezwani nemithi: Ukungezwani nemithi okubangelwa ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin noma amanye ama-painkiller.
• Ukulunywa yizinambuzane: Ukungezwani komzimba okubangelwa yizinyosi, inyosi, izinhlwathi, noma ukulunywa yizintuthwane.

Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba?

Ubukhulu bokungezwani komzimba buyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

1. Izimpawu ezincane

• Ukuthimula
• Impumulo egobhozayo nelumayo
• Ukubomvu nokudabuka kwamehlo
• Ukuqubuka okuncane kwesikhumba

2. Izimpawu ezimaphakathi

• Ukuhlanza noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubomvu buqhuma umzimba wonke (Ama-Hives)
• Ukuphefumula okuncane

3. Izimpawu ezinkulu (i-Anaphylaxis)

• Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, umlomo, ulimi, nomphimbo
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula (umsindo wokuphefumula ovela esifubeni)
• Ukwehla okusheshayo komfutho wegazi
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu, ukuphelelwa yithemba, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi

> [!KUBALULEKILE]
> I-Anaphylaxis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo ngemizuzu embalwa. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele unikeze isiguli usizo lokuqala ngokushesha bese usiyisa esibhedlela esiseduze.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ukungezwani komzimba

Udokotela uzoyala lezi zivivinyo ukuze athole isici esiqondile esibangela ukungezwani komzimba kwakho:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlatshwa Kwesikhumba: Kuthathwa inani elincane lento okusolwa ukuthi iyasebenza, kufakwe inhlamvu yesikhumba, bese kuqashelwa ukusabela.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi le-IgE: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi bese kuhlolwa ukuthi kukhona yini ama-antibodies e-IgE ngokumelene nezinto ezithile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-allergies?

1. Ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba ukuhlonza izinto ongazithandi bese uzigwema ngokuphelele.

2. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa

Amaphilisi e-antihistamine noma ama-spray ekhala angasetshenziswa ezimpawini ezincane kuya kweziphakathi njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela.

3. Umjovo we-adrenaline ophuthumayo (i-EpiPen / i-Epinephrine)

Abantu abane-allergies enzima bayalulekwa odokotela ukuthi bahlale bephethe i-auto-injector ebizwa ngokuthi i-EpiPen (Epinephrine Auto-injector) ukuze bavikele izimpilo zabo. Uma kwenzeka i-anaphylaxis, ukuyijova ngqo ethangeni lesiguli kunganciphisa ngokushesha ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi kusindise izimpilo.

Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze

Imithombo yesayensi (Izinkomba)

• 📚 Ukungezwani komzimba - Iziqondiso Zesevisi Yezempilo Kazwelonke (NHS)
• 📚 I-Adrenaline (i-epinephrine) yokwelapha i-anaphylaxis ngokushaqeka nangaphandle kwayo - I-PubMed Central (PMC)
• 📚 Ubani Odinga I-Epinephrine? I-Anaphylaxis, Ama-Autoinjector, kanye nama-Parachute - I-PubMed Central (PMC)

Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya

• Ukungezwani komzimba kuwukungaqondi kahle okwenzeka lapho ama-antibodies e-IgE amasosha omzimba esabela ngokweqile ngokuthatha into engenangozi engena emzimbeni isuka ngaphandle njengesitha.
• I-Anaphylaxis iyisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu sokungezwani komzimba esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezindebe/umphimbo, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, futhi sidinga usizo lokuqala ngokushesha ngomjovo we-adrenaline (Epinephrine/EpiPen).
• Ukuhlonza nokugwema izinto ezikubangela ukungezwani komzimba nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isimo esiphuthumayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa impilo yakho.