Uke wezwa ngesifo esingavamile esibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe ebuchosheni? (Isifo sikaMoyamoya) Ake sixoxe ngaso!

Wake waba nekhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima noma umuzwa wokuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho? Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezizathu zalezi zinto ongenakukwazi ngisho nokuzicabanga. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo sezokwelapha esingavamile kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Sibizwa ngokuthi iMoyamoya Disease . Igama lizwakala lingavamile, akunjalo? Ake sibone ukuthi liyini.

Siyini isifo sikaMoyamoya?

Kalula nje, i-Moyamoya Disease yisimo esithinta imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yisifo semithambo yegazi . Imithambo yegazi eyinhloko enikeza igazi ebuchosheni bakho yimithambo ye-carotid , egijima kusukela ezinhlangothini zentamo yakho iye ebuchosheni bakho. Kulesi sifo, eyodwa noma zombili lezi mithambo yegazi iyancishiswa noma ivaleke ngokuphelele kancane kancane. Kungathinta nemithambo yegazi yobuchopho , enikeza igazi ezingxenyeni zangaphambili neziphakathi zobuchopho bakho.

Cabanga ngakho, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobuchopho bethu zinikezwa igazi nomoya-mpilo yilezi mithambo yegazi emikhulu. Ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma lokhu kuncipha? Inani legazi nomoya-mpilo odingwa ubuchopho liyancipha. Kufana nalapho ipayipi lamanzi livaleka, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyancipha.

Manje imizimba yethu iyamangalisa. Uma umthambo wegazi omkhulu uvalekile kanje, ubuchopho buzama ukuvala isikhala ngokwakha imithambo yegazi emisha, emincane. Kodwa le mithambo yegazi emisha ayinamandla njengemithambo yegazi eyinhloko. Ivame ukuba buthakathaka futhi ibe mincane . Kufana nomgwaqo omkhulu ovalekile futhi izimoto ziphambukiswa emigwaqweni emincane eseceleni. Le mithambo yegazi emincane ingase ingakwazi ukunikeza ubuchopho igazi elanele. Futhi, le mithambo yegazi ebuthakathaka ingaqhuma ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha kobuchopho kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo .

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "Moyamoya"?

Igama elithi “Moyamoya” livela esiJapane. Lisho ukuthi “inqwaba yentuthu” noma “njengomsi wentuthu.” Odokotela baseJapan baba ngabokuqala ukuthola lesi sifo. Lapho benza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwemithambo yegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-angiogram , babona ukuthi imithambo yegazi emincane esanda kwakheka yayigobile njengezinqwaba zentuthu, noma izinqwaba zentuthu. Yingakho lesi sifo saqanjwa ngokuthi “isifo sikaMoyamoya.” Akulona yini igama elimangalisayo lelo?

Isifo sikaMoyamoya singavamile kangakanani?

Empeleni lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Sivame ukubonwa eJapane. Kuthiwa kunesilinganiso sabantu abahlanu kwabayikhulu abathola lesi sifo. Ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, kunabantu abangaphansi kuka-5,000 abanalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke kungacatshangwa ukuthi lokhu akuvamile naseSri Lanka. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile, iziguli ezinjalo ziyabikwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo iMoyamoya?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibangelwa ukwehla kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile, lapho uqala ukubona lesi sifo kubaUma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi, noma uma kukhona uchungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okungapheli (TIAs) . La ma-TIA ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi "ama-mini-stroke" ngodokotela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyaphazamiseka okwesikhashana bese kubuyiselwa esimweni salo. Kodwa lokhu kuyisixwayiso.

Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukopha kobuchopho: Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi emincane ebuthakathaka esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Ikakhulukazi uma izingane ezincane ziqala ukuba nalesi sifo, ukukhula kwazo kungase kuhambe kancane kunezinye izingane.
• I-Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala okufana nebhaluni engxenyeni yomthambo wegazi. Lokhu kungaqhuma.
• Ukunyakaza okungahleliwe: Ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki kwezinto ezifana nemilenze.
• Izinkinga ngamakhono okuqonda: Isibonelo, ubunzima bokufunda, ukukhumbula, kanye nokugxila.
• Izinkinga zezinzwa: Kungase kube nezinguquko embonweni, ekuzweni, ehogweni, ekuthintweni nasekunambitheni.
• Ukuquleka: Izimo ezifana nokuquleka.

Ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nalezi zimpawu ngendlela efanayo.

Yini ebangela isifo seMoyamoya?

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi sinethonya lezakhi zofuzo , futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yisimo esitholwa ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Ucwaningo lusenziwa ezakhiweni zofuzo ezingadlulisela lesi sifo kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni. Kusolwa nokuthi izinto ezithile njengokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka emzimbeni kungabangela lesi sifo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimpawu zeMoyamoya zingavela nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi iMoyamoya syndrome noma isenzakalo seMoyamoya. Isibonelo:

• I-Down syndrome
• Isifo sikaGraves ( isifo esihlobene ne-thyroid gland)
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis (isimo sofuzo)
• Isifo se-sickle cell ( isifo segazi)
• I-atherosclerosis (ukufakwa kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi)

Abantu abanezinye izifo ezifana nalezi banamathuba amaningi okuthola izimpawu zeMoyamoya.

Ingabe isifo sikaMoyamoya siwufuzo?

Yebo, abacwaningi bathole i-RNF213Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, noma izinguquko, ku-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-RNF213 kungaba yimbangela yezinye izimo ze-fibromyalgia. Kucatshangwa ukuthi iphrotheni ekhiqizwa yi-gene, i-RNF213, ihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemithambo yegazi.

Cishe abantu baseJapan abangu-15% abanesifo iMoyamoya banelungu lomndeni elinalesi sifo, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, iphethini eqondile yefa ayikacaci.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo iMoyamoya?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi yisifo esingavamile. Nakuba isifo se-moyamoya, esibangelwa izici zofuzo, sivame kakhulu kubantu baseJapan, manje sibikwa nakwamanye amaqembu ezinhlanga.

Nakuba ososayensi bengakaqondi imbangela eqondile, abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi sifo kunabesilisa.

Isifo sikaMoyamoya singakhula noma ngabe singakanani ubudala. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-10 kanye nabantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-50 yibona abanamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi sifo?

Uma isifo se-moyamoya singelashwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene . Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ukukhubazeka
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwelapha lesi sifo ngokushesha.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo iMoyamoya?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo se-moyamoya, udokotela uzokuxilonga bese ekubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Uma kusolwa ukuthi isifo se-moyamoya sikhona, bangayala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• I-cerebral arteriography: Kulolu vivinyo, ithubhu elincane, elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter, lifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni noma emlenzeni wakho. Uketshezi olukhethekile oluqukethe i-iodine (udayi wokungafani) lufakwa egazini nge-catheter. Kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuthi uketshezi luhamba kanjani emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi imithambo yegazi imincane kangakanani nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.
• I-Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa insimu yamagnetic, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukubheka imithambo yegazi yakho.
• I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lena inqubo efana ne-MRA. Ithatha izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba wakho futhi ingahlola imiphumela yesifo ebuchosheni bakho.

Lezi zivivinyo yizo ezivumela odokotela ukuthi basho ngqo ukuthi unesifo sikaMoyamoya noma cha.

Yiziphi izigaba zesifo iMoyamoya?

Isifo sikaMoyamoya siyisifo esiqhubekayo.Isifo. Okusho ukuthi, uma singelashwa, lesi sifo sizoba sibi kancane kancane. Odokotela basebenzisa isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "izigaba zeSuzuki" ukuchaza ubucayi besifo. Basebenzisa ulwazi oluvela ku-MRA scan ukuze bathole ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sesifo okuso. Lezi zigaba zeSuzuki, ngamagama alula, zimi kanje:

• Isigaba 1: Kukhona ukuncipha noma ukuvaleka kuphela engxenyeni engaphakathi yomthambo we-carotid.
• Isigaba 2: Wonke amagatsha e-apical e-carotid artery aseqalile ukuncipha. Leyo mithambo yegazi "ebhemayo" (emincane, ebukeka sengathi ibhemayo) ayibonakali kahle ku-angiogram.
• Isigaba 3: Imithambo yegazi ibonakala ngokucacile ku-angiogram. Ungakubona ngokucacile lokho kubukeka "komusi".
• Isigaba 4: Imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iqala ukuncipha kancane kancane. Endaweni yayo, imithambo yegazi ehlukile (imithambo yegazi ye-transdural collateral) iqala ukwakheka.
• Isigaba 5: Inani lemithambo yegazi liyancipha kakhulu, futhi kukhula eminye imithambo yegazi ehlukile.
• Isigaba 6: Imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni isicishe inyamalale ngokuphelele. Umthambo we-carotid uncishisiwe noma uvalekile ngokuphelele.

Ukuqonda lezi zigaba ngokunembile kusiza odokotela ukuhlela ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikaMoyamoya?

Uma welapha isifo se-moyamoya, umgomo oyinhloko ukulawula izimpawu nokuzama ukuvimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ethile:

• I-aspirin: I-aspirin isiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa amahlule egazi kuleyo mithambo yegazi emincane nebuthakathaka esanda kwakheka.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuxhuzula: Le mithi inikezwa ukuvimbela ukuxhuzula okubangelwa ukuxhuzula.
• Ama-Anticoagulant: Lawa anciphisa igazi. Asiza ekuvimbeleni ukujiya kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, le mithi inengozi, okuwukuthi uma ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka, kungaba nzima ukuyiyeka. Ngakho-ke, odokotela banikeza lawa ma-anticoagulant ngokucophelela, kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.
• Ama-calcium channel blocker: Lawa angasiza ekunciphiseni ikhanda elibangelwa yi-migraines. Kodwa-ke, le mithi inganciphisa nomfutho wegazi, okungandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.

Kodwa khumbula, le mithi ayikwazi ukuvimba ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo singase sibe sibi kancane kancane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi wenze ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass . Lokhu kuhlinzwa:

• Ukudala umzila omusha wegazi ngokugwema umthambo ovalekile nokusebenzisa imithambo enempilo ekhanda.
• Ukuqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezithintekile.
• Ukuvula imithambo yegazi emincane.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa efaneleka kakhulu ngesimo sakho, imiphumela yayo emibi, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ingabe isifo sikaMoyamoya singavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-Moyamoya syndrome, ebangelwa izici zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokuthola i-Moyamoya syndrome ingancishiswa ngokulawula izici eziyingozi ezihlobene nemithambo yegazi nokunciphisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis .

Futhi, uma unesifo seMoyamoya, ukuthatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje uyalelwe kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zakho nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Yini umuntu onalesi sifo angayilindela?

Kwabaningi, isifo sikaMoyamoya siya ngokuya siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba imithambo yegazi iba mincane, bangaba nesifo sohlangothi . Uma singelashwa, isifo sikaMoyamoya singaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwezinzwa, isifo sohlangothi, ngisho nokufa.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangahlala bezinzile iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Uma izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala, udokotela angase asikisele ukuhlinzwa.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu onesifo iMoyamoya?

Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, abantu abanesifo iMoyamoya bangaphila impilo evamile.

Kodwa-ke, uma singelashwa, lesi sifo singabulala. Yingakho ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka.

Kunini lapho umuntu onesifo seMoyamoya kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo?

Uma uzwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi , kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha . Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha.

I-American Stroke Association isebenzisa isifinyezo esibizwa ngokuthi i-FAST ukuze kube lula ngabantu ukukhumbula. Ake sibheke ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngesiSinhala:

• F - Ubuso obugobile: Ingabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso bakho luzizwa lungenamsebenzi? Uma uzama ukumamatheka, ingabe olunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho luyagobile?
• A - Ubuthakathaka bengalo: Ungakwazi yini ukuphakamisa zombili izingalo? Ingabe ingalo eyodwa iyehla?
• S - Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ingabe inkulumo yakho ayicacile? Noma ihamba kancane? Ungaphinda umusho olula?
• T - Isikhathi sokushayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo: Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese uthola i-ambulensi, noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu!

Ezinye izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingase zihlanganise ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwalokhu:

• Ukudideka
• Ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Ubunzima bokuhamba
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu

Isifo sikaMoyamoya yisimo esingavamile esingaholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokopha kwegazi ebuchosheni. Nakuba abacwaningi bengakayitholi imbangela eqondile, sivame kakhulu kubantu baseJapan. Uma unezimpawu zeMoyamoya, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kweSifo sikaMoyamoya kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda ngeSifo seMoyamoya esikhulume ngaso namuhla. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Lesi yisifo esingavamile esibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni inciphe.
• Izimpawu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi , ikhanda elibuhlungu , kanye nokuquleka zingase zibe khona.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela nokwelapha lesi sifo ngokushesha.
• Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi, futhi uma kudingeka , ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass .
• Ukuqaphela izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (FAST) kungasindisa impilo.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ungakhathazeki, kunezixazululo zakho konke. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

uMoyamoya , izifo zobuchopho, isifo sohlangothi, imithambo yegazi, izifo zezinzwa, izifo zofuzo, ikhanda elibuhlungu