Ingabe uzizwa sengathi amehlo akho nomzimba wakho kuyaphela? Ake sixoxe nge-Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uke ulubone ushintsho embonweni wakho ngokuzumayo, noma uzizwe sengathi ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho azinampilo noma azinampilo? Mhlawumbe amehlo akho ayabuhlungu, noma ukuthola kunzima ukuhamba? Kungaba nesizathu esisodwa salezi zinto, futhi namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele. Leso yi-neuromyelitis optica, noma siyibiza ngokuthi `(NMO)` ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-Neuromyelitis Optica?

Kalula nje, i-Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) yisifo esihlala isikhathi eside nesingapheli. Sithinta kakhulu umbono wakho kanye nekhono lakho lokunyakaza umzimba wakho. Cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela, luqala ngephutha ukuhlasela izingxenye zesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Ngakho-ke, i-NMO ingenye yezifo ezinjalo.

Lesi sifo siye sabizwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni sasibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikaDevic, ngemuva kwesazi sezinzwa saseFrance u-Eugene Devic, owasichaza okokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2015, ithimba lochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe lasiqamba ngokuthi i-Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi nabanye basasibiza ngokuthi i-NMO.

Esikhathini esidlule, ochwepheshe babecabanga ukuthi i-NMO yayiwuhlobo olungavamile lwe-multiple sclerosis (MS). Kodwa-ke, manje sekusobala ukuthi iyisimo esihlukile, esizimele ku-MS .

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Cishe, u-80% kuya ku-90% weziguli ngabesifazane. Ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-40. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izingane ezincane zibe ne-NMO, okusho ukuthi inani elincane kuphela, cishe u-5% wazo zonke iziguli.

Nakuba abantu banoma yiluphi uhlanga noma uhlanga bangaba ne-NMO, ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi labo bomdabu wase-Afrika-waseCaribbean, basengozini enkulu. Kungathinta nabantu bomdabu wase-Asia.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(NMO)`?

Eqinisweni, i-NMO iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ithinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-0.3 no-4.4 kubantu abayi-100,000. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungaba neziguli eziphakathi kuka-24,000 no-350,600 emhlabeni jikelele.

Lokhu `(NMO)` kuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-NMO ikuthinta kanjani, kuyasiza ukuqonda kancane uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lwakhiwe ubuchopho nomgogodla. Eqinisweni, ngisho nezinzwa ezibonakalayo ezisisiza sibone ziyingxenye yobuchopho.

Uma sihlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla, siwubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Bese kuthi, inethiwekhi yezinzwa esabalala kuwo wonke umzimba ibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluseceleni.

Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luthwala ulwazi oluya noluvela ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezibonakaliso zamakhemikhali nezikagesi. Lezi zibonakaliso zihamba ngamaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yawo wonke ama-neuron yi-axon. Lokhu kufana nengalo yama-neuron. Izimpawu zikagesi zithwalwa ngale axon. Ekupheleni kwe-axon kunezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-synapses. Yilapho izimpawu zikagesi ziba khona izimpawu zamakhemikhali. La ma-synapses yilapho i-neuron ixhuma khona futhi ixhumana namanye ama-neuron.

Eduze kwale axon kukhona igobolondo elincane, elivikelayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin. Lokhu kwakhiwe ngamakhemikhali anamafutha. Igobolondo le-myelin lisiza izimpawu zikagesi ukuthi zihambe nge-axon futhi livimbele umonakalo kwi-axon. (NMO) yisifo esisusa i-myelin esilimaza igobolondo le-myelin. Lokhu kufana nendlela igobolondo lepulasitiki elisentanjeni kagesi elingonakala ngayo uma ulisusa. Lapho igobolondo le-myelin lisuswa, i-axon ingalimala kalula.

Umonakalo obangelwa yi-NMO uthinta kakhulu ama-neurons ezindaweni ezimbili ezithile:

1. Inzwa yokubona, exhumanisa amehlo akho nobuchopho bakho.

2. Intambo yakho yomgogodla. Lesi yisikhungo esiyinhloko lapho kuqoqwa khona izimpawu zemizwa ngaphambi kokuba zifike ebuchosheni.

I-NMO ingathinta amazinga amaningi omgogodla. Lokhu kungathinta yonke imizwa exhuma ngaphansi komgogodla othintekile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Izimpawu ze-NMO zenzeka ngesimo "sokuhlaselwa." Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo, zihlale isikhathi esifushane, bese ziyanyamalala. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo. Kulesi simo, imiphumela ingaba yaphakade ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuhlaselwa sekuphelile.

Izimpawu ze-NMO zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-optic neuritis: Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwe-optic nerve kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo akho.
• I-Myelitis: Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) komgogodla.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kobuchopho:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-NMO ithinta i-hypothalamus yakho noma i-brainstem, okuyizingxenye eziyinhloko zomzimba wethu ezilawula izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo.

I-optic neuritis

Amehlo ethu amukela ukukhanya okusizungezile bese ethumela izimpawu ebuchosheni nge-optic nerve. Ubuchopho bucubungula lezo zimpawu bese businika umbono.

Ku-optic neuritis, i-optic nerve iyavuvukala. Njengoba kungekho isikhala esiningi kuleyo ngxenye yekhanda, lokhu kuvuvukala kungabeka ingcindezi enkulu emsipheni we-optic. Cabanga ngakho, uma sicindezela ingalo noma umlenze, uzizwa ungakhululekile futhi ubuhlungu. Yilokho okwenzekayo uma kunengcindezi emsipheni we-optic.

Izimpawu ze-optic neuritis zingathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili. Ngezinye izikhathi iso elilodwa lingathinteka kuqala, bese kuba elinye, noma womabili amehlo angathinteka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo: Lobuhlungu bungakhula, ikakhulukazi uma uhambisa amehlo.
• Ukubona okufiphele: Lokhu kunganda uma ukhathele.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele: Ungase ulahlekelwe umbono wakho wonke noma ingxenye yawo ngeso elilodwa (isibonelo, ungase ulahlekelwe yisikhungo salokho okubukayo). Ungase futhi ube nombono ofiphele noma ulahlekelwe umbono wombala.
• Ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuphansi: Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukwenza izinto ezifana nokushayela ebusuku.

I-Myelitis

I-Myelitis ukuvuvukala komgogodla wakho. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungacindezela umgogodla kanye nemithambo yomgogodla eseduze. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvaleka kwezimpawu zemizwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Uma zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu zemizwa zivinjiwe, kubizwa ngokuthi i-transverse myelitis.

Izimpawu ze-myelitis zincike ekutheni ukuvuvuka kukuphi nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomgogodla noma imizwa yomgogodla ezithintekile. Uma ukuvuvukala kucindezela imizwa yomgogodla, izimpawu zizovela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezixhumanisa leyo mizwa nobuchopho. Uma umgogodla ucindezelwe, izimpawu zizovela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ezixhunywe emithanjeni yomgogodla ngaphansi kwendawo yokucindezelwa.

Izimpawu ze-myelitis yilezi:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka: Lokhu kuthinta izingxenye zomzimba ezingaphansi kwendawo ethintekile yomgogodla. Ungase ulahlekelwe ukulawula izitho zakho zomzimba, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba noma ukuma. Uma kwenzeka i-myelitis emgogodleni womlomo wesibeletho, ngisho nemisipha yokuphefumula ingase ikhubazeke, okungaba yingozi.
• Ukuvaleka: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha ilahlekelwa izimpawu zokulawula ezivela ebuchosheni bese iqala ukusebenza yodwa. Imisipha ibe isiqina ngokungalawuleki futhi inyakaze.
• Ubuhlungu:I-Myelitis ingabangela ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukucindezeleka emgogodleni. Ubuhlungu bungabangelwa ukuvuvukala ngokwako, noma bungabangelwa imizwa ethintekile ethumela izimpawu zobuhlungu ngendlela engafanele.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba: I-Myelitis ingaphazamisa izimpawu zemizwa ezilawula ukusebenza kwamathumbu kanye nesinye, okuholela ekungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo noma ekungakwazi ukuzibamba kwamathumbu.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi: I-Myelitis ingaphazamisa izimpawu zezinzwa ezilawula ukusebenza kocansi noma izitho zomzimba.

Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho

Nakuba kuvamile ukubona izinguquko ebuchosheni ku-multiple sclerosis (MS), akuvamile ku-NMO. Kodwa-ke, uma zenzeka, indlela ubuchopho obulawula ngayo ezinye zezinqubo zomzimba ingaphazamiseka. Uma lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeka ku-hypothalamus noma ku-brainstem, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngisho nezibulalayo.

I-brainstem yingxenye ephansi kakhulu yobuchopho. Itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, phansi. Le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ixhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla, ilawula nezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo yizinto ezenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange ngazo - izinto ezifana nokuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, ukujuluka.

Uma i-NMO ithinta i-brainstem, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuphazamiseka okungenakuvinjelwa.
• Ukulunywa okunganqandeki (ukucasuka).
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-diplopia), ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawuleki (i-nystagmus), noma ezinye izinkinga zokulawula amehlo.
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso.
• Isiyezi noma umuzwa wokujikeleza (i-vertigo).
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba noma ukuhlangana kwawo (i-ataxia).
• Ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal (ubuhlungu be-nerve yobuso).

I-hypothalamus itholakala ngaphezu nje kwesiqu sobuchopho. Iphinde ilawule izinqubo zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo. Uma ithintwa yi-NMO, ezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni nazo zingase zingasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, i-NMO ingabangela izimpawu ze-narcolepsy (ukozela ngokweqile emini).

Yini ebangela i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Ochwepheshe abakakwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele ukuthi i-NMO ithuthuka kanjani nokuthi kungani. Izimbangela ezaziwayo noma ezisolwayo njengamanje yilezi:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Ezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba noma ukuvuvukala.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba

I-NMO yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela ngephutha ingxenye yomzimba wethu. Kulokhu, ihlasela imizwa yethu yokubona kanye/noma intambo yomgogodla.

Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwayo ze-autoimmune ze-NMO:

• Ama-antibodies e-Aquaporin-4 (AQP4):`(AQP4)` iyiprotheni etholakala ebusweni bamanye amaseli ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Umsebenzi wayo ukuhambisa amanzi angene futhi aphume kumaseli. Ama-antibodies `(AQP4)` atshela ngephutha uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba ukuthi luhlasele le protheni. Ngemuva kwalokho amaseli aqukethe le protheni ayalimala. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-80% abane-`(NMO)` banala ma-antibodies `(AQP4)` egazini labo.
• Ama-antibodies e-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG): I-MOG iyiprotheni esiza ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni i-myelin sheath ezungeze ama-neurons. Ama-antibodies e-MOG atshela ngephutha amasosha omzimba ukuthi ahlasele le protheni, bese ephazamisa i-myelin sheath ezungeze ama-neurons. Cishe abantu abangu-6.5% abane-NMO banale antibody egazini labo.

Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yomzimba kuvame ukwenzeka ngezizathu esingazazi. Kodwa-ke, eminye imininingwane iphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka. Phakathi kuka-15% no-35% wabantu abathola i-NMO bake baba nokutheleleka ngaphambi kokuba babe nezimpawu ze-NMO. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lokhu.

Ochwepheshe okwamanje abazi ukuthi kungani abantu abangenawo ama-antibodies ku-`(AQP4)` noma `(MOG)` (okungaba ngu-13.5% wabantu abanalesi sifo) bethola i-`(NMO).` Amacala anjalo ahlukaniswa ngokuthi `(idiopathic)`.

Futhi, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ``(MOG)`` okuhlobene nama-antibody ``(NMO)`` empeleni kuyisifo esihlukile. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalokhu, futhi akukaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengesifo esihlukile.

Ezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba noma ukuvuvukala

Nakuba i-NMO ingenzeka yodwa, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ivele kubantu abanezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba noma ukuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lezi zimo zibangela noma zinegalelo ku-NMO.

Izimo ezinjalo yilezi:

• I-Lupus '(Lupus - i-systemic lupus erythematosus)'
• Isifo se-Celiac
• Isifo sikaSjögren
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• I-Antiphospholipid syndrome

Izici zofuzo

Ochwepheshe basola ukuthi izici zofuzo zingase zidlale indima ku-NMO. Esinye isizathu ukuthi lesi sifo sivame kakhulu emaqenjini athile ezinhlanga. Esinye ukuthi cishe ama-3% eziguli ze-NMO ahlala emndenini ofanayo. Nakuba kungekho bufakazi bokuthi i-NMO iyisifo esizuzwe njengefa, kungase kube nezici zofuzo ezenza i-NMO ibe sengozini enkulu yokukhula.

Ingabe i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Okwamanje, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-NMOSD noma i-NMO ingadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.

I-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ihlolwa kanjani?

Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwe-multiple sclerosis (MS) kanye ne-NMO ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuthile kungaqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu une-NMO. Udokotela angasebenzisa inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo ukuze axilonge i-NMO:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu odokotela abanawo ukuze baxilonge i-NMO ukuhlola igazi lakho ama-antibodies ku-AQP4 noma i-MOG. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungeke kuqinisekise njalo i-NMO (ngoba cishe ama-13.5% amacala awanawo ama-antibodies atholakalayo), kuyasiza kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.
• Iskeni se-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Iskeni se-MRI siwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-NMO. Lesi simo sibangela izinguquko emgogodleni wakho nakwezinye izingxenye zesimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko ezingatholakala kuskeni se-MRI. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngokucacile nezinguquko ezivame ukubonwa ku-MS, ngakho odokotela bangaqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona i-MS.
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izimpawu nezimpawu ezingase zibangelwe yi-NMO. Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kungabona izinkinga ngezinzwa zakho, ukusabela, ukunyakaza kwemisipha, ibhalansi, kanye nemisebenzi yobuso.
• Umlando womuntu siqu nowezokwelapha: Kulokhu, udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nempilo yakho, izimpawu, kanye nemininingwane yomlando wakho womuntu siqu nowezokwelapha.

Kungenziwa nezinye izivivinyo, njengoba udokotela wakho engase abone kubalulekile ukuqeda ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngezivivinyo azincomayo nokuthi kungani zinconywa.

Ilashwa kanjani i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)? Ingabe ikhona ikhambi?

I-NMO ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yocwaningo oluqhubekayo, lesi simo singelapheka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-NMO iyisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko: ukwelashwa okusheshayo kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi eside.

• Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo: Lokhu kugxile ekwelapheni imiphumela esheshayo yokuhlaselwa yi-NMO, ikakhulukazi ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngama-corticosteroids (noma ezinye izinhlobo zemithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala njengoba kunqunywe udokotela). Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala unomphela okuvela ekuhlaselweni.
• Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside:I-NMO ibangelwa ukuthi isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela ngephutha isimiso sakho sezinzwa. Ukuyilawula kuhilela ukucindezela noma ukuguqula isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela. Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono laso lokulimaza isimiso sakho sezinzwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO, noma okungenani kunciphise ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani nokuthi kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani. Ochwepheshe batusa lokhu kwelashwa kokubili kubantu abanama-antibodies e-AQP4 nabangenawo.

Uhlobo luni lomuthi noma ukwelashwa olusetshenziswayo?

Kunemithi eminingana kanye nokwelashwa okungasiza ekwelapheni i-NMO:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Le mithi inciphisa ukuvuvukala ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu yi-corticosteroid efana ne-prednisone. Odokotela bavame ukuqala le mithi ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Inikezwa ngenkathi usesibhedlela. Ngemva kokuphuma esibhedlela, udokotela wakho angase akushintshele emuthini ofanayo owuthatha ngomlomo.
• Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (plasmapheresis): Uma ama-steroid engasizi, udokotela wakho angase ancome inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa i-plasma egazini lakho bese uyishintsha nge-plasma evela kumnikeli ofanelana naye. Ngokususa enye ye-plasma yakho bese uyishintsha nge-plasma yomnikeli, amanye amangqamuzana omzimba kanye nezimpawu zamakhemikhali (eziqinisa impendulo yomzimba) ku-plasma ziyasuswa. Lokhu kunciphisa impendulo yomzimba wakho yomzimba futhi kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• I-Immunoglobulin Engena Emthanjeni (IVIG): Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka i-plasma emzimbeni wakho nge-IV. I-plasma oyitholayo iqukethe ama-immunoglobulin. Okusho ukuthi, i-plasma equkethe ama-antibodies avela kubanikeli. Lawa awahlaseli uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa njengoba kwenza uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Lena imithi okudingeka uyithathe njalo. Eminye inikezwa nge-intravenously (IV), okwenziwa emtholampilo wokufaka noma esikhungweni sezokwelapha esifanayo. Eminye iza njengamaphilisi, ongawathatha ekhaya. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuthatha la maphilisi iminyaka eminingi, ngezinye izikhathi impilo yabo yonke.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga zokwelashwa?

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa incike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa umuthi, ubucayi besimo sakho, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, umphumela owodwa ohlukile wemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: inciphisa impendulo yakho yomzimba.

Isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sikuvikela kubahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengama-virus, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezinambuzane. Siphinde sivikele amaseli ekuziphatheni kabi. Uma amaseli omzimba wakho eziphatha kabi, umsebenzi wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukungenelela nokuwabhubhisa (umdlavuza yilapho amaseli eziphatha kabi, ecashela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, futhi ephindaphindeka ngendlela engalawuleki).

Nakuba ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO, kungenza nomzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulwa nezifo ezithile. Kungandisa nengozi yakho yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zezimila (ezinomdlavuza nezingenawo umdlavuza). Uma uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokugula. Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi ugonywe izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-COVID-19, i-influenza (flu), kanye ne-pneumonia, okungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kubulale ngisho nalapho amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokwelashwa? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uhlelo lokwelashwa kanye nohlelo lokululama lwe-NMO lungahluka, njengoba izici eziningi zithonya lokhu. Udokotela wakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi ngalokhu. Angakutshela ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esingenzeka kakhulu endaweni yakini, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukusiza ngenqubo.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Uma une-NMO, ungalindela ukuthi lesi simo siqale ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esiningi. Abanye abantu banesifo sokuphefumula noma esinye isifo ngaphambi kokuba siqale, kodwa lokho kwenzeka cishe kwesithathu (noma ngaphansi kwalokho) samacala.

Ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO kubangela izinkinga zokubona ngoba kuthinta imizwa yakho yokubona. Kungabangela ubuhlungu bamehlo nokungaboni kahle. Ngokuvamile kuya kuba kubi ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa bese kuba sezingeni eliphezulu. Uma imizwa yokubona yonakele kakhulu, lezi zimpawu zingaba ezihlala njalo, kodwa ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umonakalo ohlala njalo.

I-NMO ithinta ingxenye engezansi yobuchopho bakho - isiqu sobuchopho - kanye nomgogodla wakho. Ingabangela ukuthi izinqubo zomzimba wakho zingasebenzi kahle, okubangela izinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuphazamiseka okungalawuleki.

Uma i-myelitis iba nzima, ingcindezi emgogodleni ingaphazamisa izimpawu zemizwa endaweni ethintekile noma kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ezingaphansi kwayo. Lokhu kungabangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhubazeka, kanye nokulahlekelwa umuzwa ngaphansi kwendawo ethintekile. Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu uma imisipha elawula ukuphefumula ithinteka, okubangela ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela le miphumela ukuthi ingapheli.

(NMO) yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela ngephutha izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela isimiso sakho sezinzwa. Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuvame ukuhilela ukucindezela isimiso sakho somzimba isikhathi eside. Ngeshwa, lokhu kungakwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka njengomphumela ongemuhle. Abantu abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kudingeka bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze banciphise ingozi yokugula.

I-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-NMO ibangela ukuhlaselwa, okusho ukuthi izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo. Kubantu abane-antibodies ye-AQP4 noma i-MOG, i-NMO iyisimo sokuphila konke. Njengamanje, abantu abanalesi sifo kumele bathathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba iminyaka, ngezinye izikhathi impilo yabo yonke, ukuze bavimbele ukuhlaselwa.

Abantu abaphakathi kuka-10% no-20% abane-NMO bahlaselwa kanye kuphela futhi abakaze babe nokuhlaselwa okunye. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangenawo ama-antibodies e-AQP4 noma i-MOG. Kodwa-ke, ayikho indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile, ngakho udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uthathe le mithi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nokuhlaselwa.

Iyini ikusasa elibikezelwe nge-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Esikhathini esidlule, i-NMO kwakuyisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokutholakala kwesifo mayelana nomsuka wokuzivikela komzimba, ochwepheshe manje sebeyazi ukuthi i-NMO iyisimo esingelapheka. Imithi ephatha lesi simo inciphisa izinga lokubuyela emuva ngamaphesenti angama-72 kuya kwangu-88%. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu ngalesi simo liphakathi kwama-91% nama-98%.

Abantu abane-NMO ababhekana nokuhlaselwa kaningi banamathuba amaningi okulahlekelwa amakhono athile, njengokubona nokunyakaza. Cishe abantu abangu-22% bayalulama ngokuphelele emiphumeleni ye-NMO futhi baphinde bathole wonke amakhono abo. Cishe abangu-7% abalulami nhlobo. Abangu-71% abasele bayalulama okungenani ngokwengxenye, kodwa bangase babe nemiphumela eqhubekayo.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)? Ingabe ingavinjelwa?

I-NMO yenzeka ngokungalindelekile futhi ngezizathu odokotela abangakaziqondi ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela noma yokunciphisa ingozi yokuyithola.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

I-NMO yisimo esilawulekayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani. Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazenza yilezi:

• Phuza imithi yakho ngendlela efanele: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyalulama ekuhlaselweni yi-NMO noma usuhlale isikhathi eside ungahlaselwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Imithi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni umonakalo obangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwamanje futhi inciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa esikhathini esizayo. Ungayeki ukuthatha le mithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
• Bona udokotela wakho njengoba kunconywa:Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho futhi uma une-NMO. Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe imiphumela yalesi simo. Kuvamile ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo uma une-NMO. Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Imithi yakho ingashintshwa uma kudingeka.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uhlale uphilile: Uma uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, inganciphisa ikhono lamasosha omzimba wakho lokuhlasela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Ngeshwa, inganciphisa nekhono lamasosha omzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, i-pneumonia, kanye nezifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs). Geza izandla zakho njalo (ngensipho namanzi noma ngesihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe kotshwala). Kuye ngengozi yakho iyonke, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukugqoka imaski emphakathini noma ukuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wami ucingo?

Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba basengozini enkulu yokugula ngisho nangenxa yezifo ezivamile, ngisho nalezo ezingavamile ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Uma umuntu osebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba enezinye zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ashayele udokotela wakhe ucingo:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu (ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ukhathele ngendlela engavamile) noma ubuthakathaka.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Izinguquko zesisindo ezingalindelekile.
• Ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile, ubuhlungu beqolo elingezansi, noma ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama (lezi yizimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlela yomchamo).
• Izimpawu zezifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, njengokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, noma umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-neuromyelitis optica `(NMO)` kanye ne-multiple sclerosis `(MS)`?

I-NMO kanye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS) yizimo ezinezimpawu eziningi ezifanayo nezihambisanayo. Sekuyiminyaka ochwepheshe becabanga ngephutha ukuthi i-NMO uhlobo lwe-MS. Kodwa abacwaningi manje sebeyazi ukuthi ziyizimo ezihlukene.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-`(NMO)` kanye ne-`(MS)` ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kungasiza ekuboneni ama-antibodies abangela i-`(NMO)` (nakuba ama-antibodies engenakutholakala njalo). Ukwelashwa kwe-`(NMO)` kanye ne-`(MS)` nakho kuhlukile, futhi okunye ukwelashwa kwe-`(MS)` kungenza izimpawu ze-`(NMO)` zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kalula nje, i-Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) yisifo esingavamile, esihlala isikhathi eside. Sivela lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela izingxenye ezithile zesimiso sakho sezinzwa. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uhlobo olungavamile lwe-multiple sclerosis (MS), kodwa manje selubhekwa njengesifo esihlukile. Ngokungafani ne-MS, amacala amaningi e-NMO angaqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bayixilonge futhi bayiphathe ngokushesha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ingase ibonakale njengegama elithusayo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kunezindlela ezinhle zokwelapha lesi sifo manje . Ngokungafani nesikhathi esidlule, kunolwazi oluningi ngalesi sifo manje, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu futhi uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele.

• Uma ubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo embonweni, ukungazweli, noma ubuthakathaka, ungakushayi indiva. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• `(NMO)` akuyona `(MS)`. Ukwelashwa kwalezi zibili kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa kwamanje kungalawula ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO futhi kunciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa esikhathini esizayo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Uma uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, qaphela kakhulu ukuze uzivikele ezifweni.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi. Hlala uphilile!

i- neuromyelitis optica, i-NMO, uhlelo lwezinzwa, inzwa ye-optic, intambo yomgogodla, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, izimpawu, i-myelin