Ngezinye izikhathi sikhwehlela futhi sinamathelisa emphinjeni nasesifubeni, akunzima kakhulu? Uma amathelisa ebhajwe esifubeni sethu ngaphandle kokuphuma, kuzwakala sengathi asikwazi ukuphefumula. Lokhu kuyinto ecasulayo kakhulu futhi ekhungathekisayo ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezifo zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside njenge-asthma kanye ne-COPD. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, sikhuluma ngohlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olusiza ekuncibilikiseni lawo mathelisa aqinile, anamathelayo futhi awakhiphe kalula. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi umuthi we-Mucolytic kwezokwelapha.
Kuyini umuthi wokubulala amagciwane? Ake sikuqonde kalula.
Kulungile, ake sikuqonde lokhu ngesibonelo esilula kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi i-mucus engaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho ifana ne-gum ejiyile, enamathelayo. Le gum ivala imigudu yomoya emincane emaphaphu akho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa le-mucus ejiyile ivumela namagciwane ukuthi abambeke ngaphakathi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ugule.
Ama-mucolytics asiza ekunciphiseni lowo mucus ojiyile, ofana nensini, njengamanzi. Ukuze kube sobala, aphula izibopho zamakhemikhali ezibangela ukuthi umucus ube mkhulu. Uma umucus umncane, ungawukhwehlela kalula. Kwenza ukuphefumula kube lula, futhi isifuba sakho sizizwe singcono kakhulu.
Lo mucolytic uyingxenye yeqembu elikhulu lemithi. Sibiza lokho ngokuthi ama-agent aqeda ukuvuvukala . Lokho kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umuthi othinta ulwelwesi ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi osiza ukuthi lususwe emaphashini ungowaleli qembu. Isibonelo, amanye ama-expectorant esiwasebenzisayo ukukhwehlela okuvamile andisa inani lolwelwesi, aluncibilikise, futhi alusize ukuthi lukhishwe. Kodwa ama-Mucolytics ahlukile kancane. Athinta ngqo ama-molecule olwelwesi oluqinile ngokwawo.
Lo muthi we-mucolytic usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngendlela amaphaphu ethu azihlanza ngayo ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuvamile, amaphaphu omuntu ophilile ahlala ekhiqiza inani elithile le-mucus. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho. Lolu lwelwesi lwe-mucus lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba uma siphefumula, yilolu lwelwelwesi lwe-mucus olubamba izinto ezingafuneki njengothuli, impova, namagciwane angena emoyeni futhi avikele amaphaphu ngokuwavimbela ukuthi angangeni.
Bese kuthi, emigudwini yethu yomoya, kunezigidi zezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, ezifana nezinwele. Njengezinsika zomshanelo omncane. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi i-cilia . Lezi zinsika ziyaqhubeka zihamba ngendlela efanayo, ebheke emphinjeni. Njengamagagasi olwandle. Lokhu kuhamba kusunduza i-mucus ebambe amagciwane kancane kancane iye emphinjeni. Bese, ngaphandle kokuqaphela, sigwinya leyo mucus, noma siyikhwehlela, siyikhafule. Lena inqubo yemvelo emangalisayo umzimba wethu onayo ukuze ugcine amaphaphu ethu ehlanzekile.
Kodwa kwezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezihlala isikhathi eside, le nqubo iyaphazamiseka.
- Inani le-mucus elikhiqizwayo liyanda kakhulu.
- I-mucus eyakhekayo iba nkulu kakhulu futhi inamathele.
- Ezinye izifo zinciphisa ukusebenza kwalezo zitho zomzimba.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, i-mucus ayikwazi ukuphuma futhi inamathele emaphashini. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kubangele izifo.
Imithi yokubulala amagciwane iyasiza kulokhu kungcola. Iqonda ngqo ekuhlukaniseni izibopho zamakhemikhali kulowo mucus ojiyile, onamathelayo, okwenza ube mncane. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngisho nalawo ma-cilia abuthakathaka angasusa umucus kalula. Futhi, ungawukhwehlela ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima kangaka.
Yiziphi izifo ezisetshenziselwa imithi ye-mucolytic?
Le mithi ayisiyo yomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela. Ngokuvamile inikezwa udokotela kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona ezikhiqiza umucu ojiyile.
- I-Cystic Fibrosis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Abantu abanalesi sifo bane-mucus ejiyile kakhulu emizimbeni yabo, ikakhulukazi emaphashini nakuma-pancreas. Lokhu kubangela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuvamile.
- I-Bronchiectasis: Lesi simo senzeka lapho izindlela zomoya (i-bronchi) emaphashini zilimala unomphela, zivuleka, futhi zigcwele amafinyila. Lokhu kubangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kanye nokutheleleka.
- Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingapheli (i-COPD): Lesi yisifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside esivame ukwenzeka kubantu ababhemayo. Zombili izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-emphysema kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli ziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila aminyene kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- I-asthma: Ezinye iziguli ze-asthma nazo ziba ne-mucus ejiyile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lo muthi unganikezwa udokotela ngokubona kwakhe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Mucolytics ezisetshenziswa kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Mucolytics ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele.
1. I-Acetylcysteine: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-N-acetyl cysteine, i-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, noma i-NAC ngamafuphi. I-Mucomyst® igama lomkhiqizo elidumile lalo muthi. Iwumuthi omuhle wokunciphisa i-phlegm, futhi inezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant.
Lo muthi we-Acetylcysteine unenye inzuzo emangalisayo nesindisa impilo. Lo muthi unikezwa nasezibhedlela ngendlela ye-IV (efakwa emthanjeni) ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesibindi uma sithatha umuthi omningi kakhulu esivame ukuwuthatha ngenxa yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, obizwa ngokuthi i-Paracetamol (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Tylenol®), okuyi-overdose.
2. I-Dornase Alfa (ோனேஸ அல�யா): I-Pulmozyme® igama lomkhiqizo walokhu. Lona futhi umuthi onciphisa i-phlegm. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunconywa kakhulu ezigulini ezine-Cystic Fibrosis. Akukhuthazwa ezigulini ezine-Bronchiectasis ezingenayo i-Cystic Fibrosis.
Ungawuthatha kanjani lo muthi? (Izindlela zokusebenzisa)
Kunezindlela eziningana zokunikeza lo muthi we-mucolytic emzimbeni. Udokotela wakho uzonquma indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha.
- Nge-Nebulizer: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona izingane nabantu abadala benikwa imaski encane yokuphefumula. Lowo mshini ubizwa ngokuthi i -nebulizer . Lo muthi ufakwa ngendlela yoketshezi kulo mshini bese umuntu ephefumula umhwamuko omncane ofana nenkungu odalwe yiwo imizuzu embalwa. Bese umuthi uya ngqo emaphashini.
- Nge-IV (ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous): Kwezinye izimo eziphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana nokweqisa i-Paracetamol, lo muthi unikezwa ngqo emzimbeni nge-cannula efakwe emthanjeni.
- Okusetshenziswa ngomlomo: Kwamanye amazwe, lo muthi utholakala ngesimo samaphilisi noma isikhwama esincibilikiswa emanzini bese siphuzwa.
I-Mucolytic kanye ne-Expectorant: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
Leli yiphuzu lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Ungase ucabange, "Azifani zonke yini izithasiselo zokukhwehlela?" Kodwa akunjalo. Ama-Mucolytics nama-expectorants yizinhlobo ezimbili zemithi esiza ukususa ama-mucus, kodwa asebenza ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene.
| Isici | Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha | I-Expectorant |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela esebenza ngayo | Iphula ulwelwesi ngokuphula izibopho zamakhemikhali kulwelwesi oluvele luqinile, olunamathelayo bese luyincibilikisa . | Kwandisa umswakama endleleni yokuphefumula, kwandisa ukugeleza kwe-mucus, futhi kusiza ekukhipheni i-mucus . |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko | Kwezifo zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside (ezingamahlalakhona) njenge-COPD, i-Cystic Fibrosis, i-Bronchiectasis. | Ukukhwehlela kwesikhashana kanye ne-phlegm okubangelwa yizimo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlaneNgoba. |
| Ukutholakala | Ngokuvamile kudingeka incwadi kadokotela . | Imithi eminingi ingathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. |
| Izibonelo | I-Acetylcysteine, i-Dornase alfa | I-Guaifenesin (etholakala kuma-syrup amaningi okukhwehlela) |
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi? Izinto okufanele siziqaphele
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-Mucolytics angabangela eminye imiphumela emibi, yize kungebona bonke abantu abayitholayo.
Abantu abane-asthma kufanele baqaphele kakhulu lapho bethatha i-Acetylcysteine. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi lo muthi ungabangela ukuthi ama-bronchioles anciphe kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchospasm . Ngakho-ke, uma une-asthma, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi. Uma kudingeka, angase akunikeze omunye umuthi (i-bronchodilator) ovula imigudu yomoya kanye nalo muthi.
Imiphumela emibi evame ukubonwa:
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ukungagayeki kahle noma ukuqunjelwa
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba noma ukulunywa
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ukushintsha kwezwi noma ukulahleka kwezwi
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
Okunye, lo muthi we-Acetylcysteine unephunga elibi kancane. Abantu abaningi bathi unuka njengamaqanda abolile. Akusona isifo, kumane kuyinhlanganisela yemvelo yamakhemikhali yomuthi. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.
Ngingayibona nini udokotela?
Uma usebenzisa lo muthi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngomuthi onikezwe wona.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engakhululekile, engalindelekile, noma enzima ngemva kokuthatha umuthi.
- Uma uzizwa sengathi izimpawu zakho azithuthuki naphezu kokusebenzisa umuthi.
- Uma une-asthma futhi ubhekene nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula ngemva kokuthatha lo muthi, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungalokothi usebenzise le mithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ungacabangi ukuthi lokho okwasebenzela umngane kuzokusebenzela. Umzimba nesimo sabo bonke kuhlukile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-mucolytic uhlobo lomuthi olusiza ekunciphiseni ulwelwesi olujiyile, olunamathelayo emaphashini futhi lwenze kube lula ukulukhipha.
- Lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona njenge-COPD kanye ne-Cystic Fibrosis, hhayi umkhuhlane ovamile.
- Lomuthi kufanele uthathwe kuphela ngokunconywa ngudokotela .
- Uma une-asthma, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma imiphumela emibi engavamile ngenkathi usebenzisa umuthi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ama-mucolytic kanye nama-cough syrups atholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (ama-expectorants) yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ungazididanisi lezi zinto ezimbili.
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