Kuyini i-MOGAD? Ake sifunde ngalesi sifo esonakalisa izingxenye zomzimba wethu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi amasosha omzimba, afana nesosha elisivikela ezifweni, ngezinye izikhathi angaphambuka kanjani futhi ahlasele izingxenye zethu ezinempilo ? Ngeshwa, lesi yisifo esibangelwa inkinga eyenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masikwenze kube lula ngoba kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.

Iyini ngempela i-MOGAD?

Kalula nje, i-MOGAD yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi siyini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wethu ukusivikela ezifweni ngokulwa namagciwane, amagciwane, namabhaktheriya avela ngaphandle. Lokhu kusizwa uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simiso sokuzivikela komzimba siyaphambuka. Bese siqala ukubona amangqamuzana ethu aphilile nezicubu njengezitha bese siwahlasela. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isimo sokuzivikela komzimba.

Yilokho okwenzekayo e-MOGAD. Lapha, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela isembozo sokuvikela esizungeze uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS) , okuyingqondo, intambo yomgogodla, kanye nezinzwa ezibonakalayo emehlweni ethu. Lesi sembozo sokuvikela sibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin . Cabanga ngaso njengesigxobo sepulasitiki esizungeze ucingo lukagesi. Le myelin ivikela imicu yezinzwa futhi isiza izimpawu zezinzwa ukuthi zihambe kahle.

Ngakho-ke, uma ama-antibodies efika futhi ona le myelin, sikubiza ngokuthi i-demyelination . Njengoba nje lapho isembozo sepulasitiki kulolo cingo sonakele, ukukhanya akuvuli kahle, lapho i-myelin yonakele, imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni eya kuwo wonke umzimba ayidluli kahle. Yingakho i-MOGAD ibangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene.

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa umbono noma umbono ofiphele (i-Optic Neuritis) , ubuthakathaka bemisipha (i-Transverse Myelitis) , kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi (i-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis - ADEM) . Uma udokotela ekubiza ngala magama, usuzokwazi ukuthi asho ukuthini.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-MOGAD?

Yebo, singabona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-MOGAD:

1. I-MOGAD Ene-Monophasic: Kulesi simo, uba nezimpawu kanye kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, uma usuthole lesi sifo futhi welashwa, izimpawu aziphinde zivele.

2. Ukubuyela emuva kwe-MOGAD: Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Izimpawu zingase zinyamalale isikhashana (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuxolelwa) , kodwa bese ziphinde zibuye. Kubonakala sengathi kuyisimo esingamahlalakhona.

Ingabe i-MOGAD iyisifo esingavamile?

Isho ukuthini ngempela i-MOGAD?Isifo esingavamile kakhulu esisusa i-myelin . Kodwa njengoba ulwazi ngalesi sifo lukhula, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi inani lamacala cishe lizokwanda esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yamanje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kuya kwabathathu kubantu abayisigidi bahlushwa yilesi sifo minyaka yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi akusona isifo esivame kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-MOGAD?

Izimpawu ze-MOGAD zingathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wakho. Eziyinhloko amehlo, umgogodla (intambo yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla), kanye nobuchopho.

Izimpawu ezithinta amehlo (i-Optic Neuritis)

Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Optic Neuritis . Singathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili.

• Umbono ofiphele
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo , ikakhulukazi uma uhambisa amehlo
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono wombala

Cabanga nje, ngokuzumayo ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngeso elilodwa, noma konke kuba lufifi. Yilokho okuhlangenwe nakho okungaba yikho.

Izimpawu ezithinta intambo yomgogodla (i-Transverse Myelitis)

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-transverse myelitis . Lokhu ukuvuvukala komgogodla.

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha , mhlawumbe ngisho nokungakwazi ukuhamba
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula amathumbu noma esinyeni (isib., ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamathumbu)
• Ubunzima bokukhipha umchamo ngokuphelele
• Ukuqina kwemisipha noma ukudikiza (ukuqaqamba)
• Ubuhlungu obuhlabayo noma umuzwa wokuqaqamba entanyeni, emhlane, noma esiswini .

Lokhu kufana nomonakalo wekhebula eliyinhloko elithwala imiyalezo emzimbeni wethu.

Izimpawu ezithinta ubuchopho (i-ADEM)

Sibiza izimpawu ezithinta ubuchopho ngokuthi i-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) .

• Ukudideka , ukuzizwa sengathi ingqondo yakho iyazulazula
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi nokuxhumana , kunganyakaziswa njengomuntu odakiwe
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni , njengokucasuka noma ukucasuka
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuquleka) , okungukuthi, ukuquleka.

Izimpawu ze-MOGAD zingase ziphinde zibuye. Okusho ukuthi, kungase kube nezikhathi lapho kungekho zimpawu bese kuthi ngokuzumayo izimpawu ziphinde zivele (ziphinde zibuye).

Ingabe izimpawu ze-MOGAD zihlukile kubantu abadala nasezinganeni?

Yebo, indlela izimpawu ezibonakala ngayo ingashintsha kancane njengoba umuntu ekhula.

Ngokuvamile, lapho izingane zikhula zibe ne-MOGAD, kuthinta kakhulu ubuchopho (isimo se-ADEM). Ngemuva kwalokho izimpawu okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, njengokudideka nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi, zivame ukubonakala. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinkinga zokubona (i-Optic Neuritis) nazo zingavela ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Lapho abantu abadala beba ne-MOGAD, ivame ukuhlasela umgogodla (i-Transverse Myelitis) kanye namehlo (i-Optic Neuritis). Ngakho-ke, bavame ukubhekana nezimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka, ukungazweli, kanye nokungaboni kahle.

Yini eyabangela ukwakheka kwe-MOGAD?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, imbangela eqondile ye-MOGAD ayikatholakali . Okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esizuzwa njengefa noma isifo esibangelwa yimbangela yofuzo. Kukhona nocwaningo lokuthi ngabe siqala ngenxa yoshintsho ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, njengangemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane. Kodwa akukakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lesi yimbangela.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-MOGAD?

Ukulimala kwaleso simbozo sokuvikela esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin kungaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo endleleni imizimba yethu esebenza ngayo. Ezinye zezinkinga ezenzeka ngezinye izikhathi zifaka:

• Ukuba yimpumputhe ngokuphelele
• Ukulahlekelwa unomphela kokusebenza kwesinyi noma kwamathumbu
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli
• Ukukhathala okungapheli , ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo , okusho ubunzima bokufunda, ukukhumbula, nokucabanga.

Ukuhlala ne-MOGAD wedwa kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzilawula. Uma kuvela izimpawu, zingakususa ezintweni ozithandayo ukuzenza futhi zikwenze uzizwe ungenalusizo. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD nabo bahlushwa izinkinga zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.

Isifo se-MOGAD sitholakala kanjani?

Udokotela uzoxilonga i-MOGAD ngokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba , ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa , kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa okukhethekile . Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwesifo se-MOGAD kufaka phakathi:

• Hlola ukuthi inani lamaseli amhlophe egazini likhuphukile yini (lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona ukuvuvukala).
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona yini izilonda ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni (lokhu kungahlolwa nge-MRI scans).
• Amabhendi e-OligoclonalLokhu akuvamile ukubonwa ku-MOGAD, kodwa kubonakala kwezinye izifo (isb., i-multiple sclerosis). Lokhu kungasiza ekuhlukaniseni lezi zifo ezimbili.

Ezinye izivivinyo eziwusizo ekuxilongeni i-MOGAD yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ama-antibodies ngqo ngokumelene nephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-MOG (ama-antibodies e-MOG-IgG).
• Ukuhlolwa kokubona: Hlola ukuvuvukala kwenzwa ye-optic.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal emgogodleni bese ulihlola. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "umpompi womgogodla."
• Iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho kanye nomgogodla futhi kubheke izilonda ku-myelin.

I-MOGAD ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga, njengoba izimpawu zayo zingafana nezezinye izifo zezinzwa, njenge- multiple sclerosis (MS) . Ngakho-ke, kungathatha isikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile.

I-MOGAD ivame ukutholakala ineminyaka emingaki?

Iningi labantu litholakala line-MOGAD eminyakeni yalo engamashumi amabili noma amathathu . Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singathinta noma ubani kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Izingane zivame ukutholwa zingakafiki eminyakeni eyi-11 .

Ingabe i-MOGAD ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-MOGAD okwamanje . Okusho ukuthi, ayikho ikhambi elingaqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo emzimbeni. Kodwa, ungesabi! Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, zinciphise ukuvama kwazo, futhi zilondoloze izinga elihle lempilo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-MOGAD?

Uma izimpawu ze-MOGAD ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo (ukuhlasela okukhulu), kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezitholakalayo:

• Ama-steroid, njenge-methylprednisolone: ​​​​Lawa anikezwa ngemithambo izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokulawula izimpawu.
• Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kulokhu, umshini ususa ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-plasma, uyihlukanise namaseli egazi, bese ufaka uketshezi oluthatha indawo yalo, kanye namaseli egazi lakho, emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusiza ukususa ama-antibodies ayingozi.
• I-Immunoglobulin Engena Emthanjeni (IVIG):Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ama-antibodies egazini lakho esikhundleni sama-antibodies anempilo avela kubanikeli ngomthambo. Lokhu kungalawula nokusebenza kwalawo ma-antibodies angasebenzi kahle.
• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Le mithi inikezwa njengamaphilisi athathwa ngomlomo. Inciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi isize ekuvimbeleni umonakalo owengeziwe.

Eminye imithi isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwezimpawu ze-MOGAD:

• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba (ezinye izinhlobo okufanele zisetshenziswe)
• I-Mycophenolate mofetil
• I-Rituximab
• I-Azathioprine
• Ukujova nge-IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) noma imijovo ye-immunoglobulin engaphansi kwesikhumba

Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaba nemiphumela emibi. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yini entsha.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lesi sifo sibangela izinkinga, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlanganyele ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela . Isibonelo, uma umonakalo we-myelin uthinte umbono wakho noma ukuhamba kwakho, lezi zinhlelo zokuvuselela zingakusiza ukuthi ufunde ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokuhamba wedwa.

Iyini inkomba yokubikezela kwesifo se-MOGAD?

Ukubikezela kwe-MOGAD kusacwaningwa. Kodwa-ke, iziguli eziningi zinombono omuhle . Abanye abantu bangase babe nokushintsha kwamehlo okuhlala njalo. Futhi, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (njengokusebenzisa isikhathi eside imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba) zingandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi njengokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe njalo.

Ingabe i-MOGAD ithinta isikhathi sokuphila?

I-MOGAD ayithinti ngqo isikhathi sakho sokuphila . Ezinye izinto eziningi zithinta isikhathi sokuphila somuntu. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ungathola ulwazi lwakamuva ngalokhu kudokotela wakho.

Ingabe i-MOGAD ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-MOGAD . Lokhu kusacwaningwa. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi uhlanganyele ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ukuze ufunde ngemithi emisha kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha:

• Uma izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo.
• Uma ubona ushintsho emehlweni akho.
• Uma unezinkinga ngekhono lakho lokuhamba nokuhambahamba.
• Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi evela ekwelashweni.

Uwazi kahle umzimba wakho. Uma kukhona okungazizwa kahle, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka) okokuqala, shayela isikhungo sezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho uma uthola ukuthi une-MOGAD.

• "Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo kimi?"
• "Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside?"
• "Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?"
• "Ngingenzenjani uma izimpawu zami ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo?"

Ungesabi ukubuza le mibuzo. Ngemva kokuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-MOGAD, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile yimicabango efana nokuthi, "Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo?" nokuthi "Izimpawu zizobuya nini?" Uma uphila nesimo lapho imbangela ingaziwa khona, lokho kungaqiniseki kungayilimaza impilo yakho yengqondo. Nakuba izinto eziningi zingaqinisekile, khumbula ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukuze linciphise ukwesaba kwakho futhi liphendule imibuzo yakho. Bangakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zakho uma zenzeka futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuqhuma kwesifo esikhathini esizayo.

Lokho esifuna ukukuthatha ekhaya kule ndaba (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-MOGAD iyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esingavamile. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuqonda izimpawu. Khumbula, lesi akusona isifo esiyiphutha lakho.

• Uma ubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekuboneni kwakho, ebuthakathakeni, noma ekungabi namizwa , thintana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• Ngokuhlonza nokwelapha okufanele, izimpawu ze-MOGAD zingalawulwa kahle.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi, kunezindlela zokugcina impilo isezingeni elihle ngalesi sifo.
• Uma uzizwa udangele noma ucindezelekile, khuluma nodokotela noma othile omethembayo ngakho. Awuwedwa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusizile ukuthi uqonde i-MOGAD. Hlala uphilile!

I- MOGAD, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, i-myelin, isimiso sezinzwa, i-optic neuritis, i-transverse myelitis, i-ADEM