Ake sifunde ngamandla okuzivikela amangalisayo emzimbeni wakho: Ukungavikeleki Kwemvelo!

Wake wazizwa sengathi awuthinteki kalula yizifo ezithile ngemva kokululama izinsuku ezimbalwa? Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe uphinde ugula, uzolulama ngokushesha hhayi kabi njengakuqala. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu sibizwa ngokuthi i-Natural Immunity . Namuhla, sizoxoxa nje ngokuthi kuyini lokhu nokuthi kusebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu.

Kuyini Ukungavikeleki Kwemvelo? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuyindlela umzimba wethu ovikela ngayo isifo ngemva kokuba sesilulame kuso. Cabanga nje, lapho ugula, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela siyavuka ngokuzumayo . Esikwenzayo ukulwa kanzima ukuze sisuse umhlaseli - kungaba yigciwane noma amagciwane - angene emzimbeni wakho.

Kule mpi, imizimba yethu yenza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa ma-antibodies afana namasosha amancane afuna umhlaseli futhi ambhubhise. Uma ama-antibodies elawula ukutheleleka ngale ndlela, uba ngcono. Kodwa indaba ayipheli lapho.

Ngemva kokuba usululame, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, amangqamuzana amancane esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela - abizwa ngokuthi ama-memory cell - akhumbula ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, lapho elwa nalelo gciwane, afunda ukuqaphela uphawu olukhethekile lomhlaseli, olubizwa ngokuthi i-antigen .

Lawa maseli enkumbulo ayaqhubeka ephila ngemva kokuphela kokutheleleka. Umsebenzi wawo kuphela ukuqapha indawo ukuze abone ukuthi i-antigen evela kumhlaseli wangaphambilini iyabuya yini. Uma umhlaseli ebuya, lawa maseli enkumbulo azosebenza ngokushesha, axwayise amanye amaseli omzimba, futhi awaqede ngokushesha - ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuthi wena uqaphele.

Cabanga ngokhula olubi olukhula engadini yakho. Ngemva kokulukhipha, uyakhumbula ukuma kwalo. Uma ukhula lukhula futhi kwenye indawo, ungalubona ngokushesha bese ulususa ngaphambi kokuba lungalimazi ezinye izitshalo. Kunjalo-ke ngalokhu.

Lawa maseli enkumbulo ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuzivikela kwemvelo. Kodwa, ukuze umzimba wakho udale lawa maseli enkumbulo, kufanele uqale uhlangane nomhlaseli. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuvela kuphela ngemva kokugula nokululama.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lo mzimba wokuzivikela ongokwemvelo udlala yiphi indima ohlelweni lwethu lonke lokuzivikela komzimba, kuhle ukwazi okuncane ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzivikela komzimba.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzivikela komzimba!

Lokhu kufana nezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu.

1. Ukungavikeleki Kwangaphakathi: Lona umzila wokuqala wokuzivikela umzimba wethu onawo lapho umhlaseli ezama ukungena.Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nesikhumba sethu, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni nasemphinjeni wethu, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli (isibonelo, amaseli okubulala emvelo). Lawa maseli ayababona abahlaseli futhi abahlasele ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lawa maseli awakhumbuli umhlaseli lapho impi isiphelile. Ahlasela bonke abahlaseli ngendlela efanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungalawula ukutheleleka ngokwako. Uma kungasebenzi, lawa maseli omzimba azalwa nawo acela usizo - okungukuthi, kumaseli omzimba aguquguqukayo.

2. Ukungavikeleki Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo: Lona umugqa wokuzivikela oqaphela, uhlose, ukhumbule, futhi uhlasele abahlaseli abathile. Amaseli akhethekile – njenge -T-cells kanye ne-B-cells – asebenza ndawonye ukuqaphela nokubhubhisa ama-antigen angewona awethu. Amaseli enkumbulo ikakhulukazi angamaqhawe lapha , ngoba asindile ezifweni zangaphambilini futhi akwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha ezifweni ezilandelayo.

Uma abantu abaningi bekhuluma "ngokuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo," empeleni babhekisela ohlotsheni lokuzivikela komzimba okuguquguqukayo. Isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela ngokwemvelo senza amaprotheni athile nama-antibodies ahlasela abahlaseli abathile futhi "akhumbule" labo bahlaseli. Le nqubo ilungiselela umzimba wakho ukuqaphela nokulwa nalabo bahlaseli esikhathini esizayo.

Ngakho-ke iyini le Natural Active Immunity?

Ukuzivikela komzimba okusebenzayo kwemvelo yisivikelo osithola kuma-antibodies akhiqizwa yisimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka. Lokhu kuhluke kancane kukuzivikela komzimba okubangelwa umgomo , okuyisivikelo isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela esisenza ekuphenduleni izinto (ezifana namagciwane noma izinhlayiya zamagciwane) kweminye imigomo.

Kuyini Ukungavikeleki Kwemvelo Okungaguquki?

Ukuzivikela kwemvelo okungenamsebenzi yisivikelo esitholwa yingane kubazali bayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngokuncelisa. Isibonelo, uma ukhulelwe, udlulisela izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibodies enganeni yakho nge-placenta. Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yakho, uma uncelisa, udlulisela izinhlobo ezithile zama-antibodies enganeni yakho ngobisi lwakho. Lokhu kudluliselwa kwama-antibodies kuvikela ingane yakho emagciwaneni ayingozi kuze kube yilapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somntwana wakho sesilungele ukwenza la ma-antibodies.

Ukungavikeleki komzimba okungasebenzisi mzimba kungatholakala nangokwenziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-antibodies anikezwa njengomjovo wesimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ama-antibodies e-monoclonal kanye nama-antibodies e-polyclonal asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Kulezi zimo, ososayensi benza la ma-antibodies elabhorethri noma bawathole emithonjeni yezilwane.

Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude besikhathi ovikelwe ngaso esifweni esithile esithathelwanayo buyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo kanye nempilo yakho iyonke, ikakhulukazi ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho abuthakathaka noma cha.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukutheleleka okukodwa okunesifo kunikeza amasosha omzimba emvelo impilo yonke. Izibonelo zezifo ezinjalo "ezivele zidlule" yi -measles kanye ne-hepatitis A.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuzivikela kwemvelo okwakhiwa umzimba wakho kukuvikela isikhathi esilinganiselwe kuphela. Yingakho ungathola ezinye izifo - njengomkhuhlane ovamile, i-COVID-19, kanye nomkhuhlane - izikhathi eziningi empilweni yakho. Ukuzivikela kwakho kwemvelo kumane nje kuthinta uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane. Kodwa amagciwane ahlala eshintsha (eshintsha) ukuze agweme ukuzivikela kwethu.

Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kanye nokugoma - uyini umehluko?

Kokubili ukuzivikela komzimba kwemvelo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba okubangelwa umgomo kuyizinhlobo zokugoma okusebenzayo. Kuzo zombili izimo, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba senza ama-antibodies kanye nama-T-cell. Kodwa-ke, akwenza lokhu ngenxa yezimbangela ezahlukene, okuyizinto ezahlukene ezivuselela amaseli akho omzimba.

• Yizilokazane ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ezibangela umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe amasosha omzimba angokwemvelo.
• Izinto ezisemithini yokugoma – amagciwane abuthakathaka, amaprotheni, noma i-mRNA – yizo ezidala amasosha omzimba anikezwa yimithi yokugoma.

Uma inani elikhulu labantu lithola ukugonyelwa isifo esithile esithathelwanayo ngokwemvelo futhi/noma ligonyelwa isifo esithile esithathelwanayo, singafinyelela kulokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi i-held immunity . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyayeka ukusabalala ngoba abantu abaningi bavikelekile kuleso sifo. Ukugoma kuyindlela ephephile yokuthola i-held immunity.

Ngingawaqinisa kanjani amasosha omzimba wami ngokwemvelo?

Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uqinise amasosha omzimba wakho futhi uwasize asebenze kahle kakhulu. Kusukela ekulale ngokwanele kuya ekudleni ukudla okucebile ngezakhamzimba eziqinisa amasosha omzimba, ungasiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi azivikele kumagciwane kanye namanye amagciwane angakwenza ugule. (Sizoxoxa ngalokhu esihlokweni esihlukile!)

Ake sifunde ngokuzivikela kwemvelo ku-COVID-19

Ukungavikeleki kwemvelo ku-COVID-19 yisivikelo umzimba wakho owakhayo ekuthelelekeni esikhathini esizayo ngemva kokululama ekuthelelekeni kwe-COVID-19. Lokhu kutheleleka kuqeqesha amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi abhubhise igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19 uma liphinde lingena emzimbeni wakho.

Nokho, ochwepheshe bezifo ezithathelwanayo bagcizelela ukuthi akufanele uthembele kuphela ekuvikeleni kwemvelo ukuze uzivikele wena nomndeni wakho.Kunalokho, thola umjovo we-COVID-19 njengoba weluleke udokotela wakho. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• I-COVID-19 igciwane elingalindelekile. Awukwazi njalo ukusho ukuthi igciwane lizowuthinta kanjani umzimba wakho, ukuthi uzogula kangakanani, noma ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside, njenge -COVID ende, ezokwenzeka. Ucwaningo oluthile lukhombisile ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 kungabangela umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize ama-autoantibodies . Lawa angama-antibodies ahlasela amaseli akho aphilile. Lokhu kungaholela nasezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba .
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugoma kukunikeza isivikelo esibikezelwayo, esiphephile, nesithembekile. Noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ingeyesikhashana futhi ayibangeli umonakalo wesikhathi eside. Ucwaningo aluzange lubonise ukuxhumana phakathi kokugoma kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-autoantibodies.

• Ukungavikeleki kwemvelo ku-COVID-19 kuyashintsha njengoba igciwane lishintsha. Lapho igciwane lishintsha, lidala uhlobo olusha lwegciwane. Yingakho ukungavikeleki kwemvelo okuvela kolunye uhlobo lwe-COVID kungenakuqinisekiswa ukuthi kuzovikela kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo.
• Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izinhlobo zangaphambilini - kuze kufike ku- Delta - zanikeza abantu amasosha omzimba aqinile, ahlala isikhathi eside izinyanga ngemuva kokutheleleka. Usathola amasosha omzimba angokwemvelo avela ku -Omicron kanye nezinhlobo zawo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi awanamandla noma ahlala isikhathi eside. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintsha "zinamandla aphezulu okuzivikela." Lokho kusho ukuthi zihlakaniphe kakhulu, futhi zingadlula kalula izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba wakho. Imithi yokugoma ivuselelwa minyaka yonke ukuze kulwiwe nohlobo lwamanje lwe-Covid.

Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19. Ukugomela kunikeza umzimba wakho umuthi wokugomela oqinile, osebenzayo, ngaphandle kwengozi yokugula okubi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, noma ukufa okungabangelwa ukutheleleka kwangempela. Odokotela bacebisa ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugomela noma ngabe uke waba ne-COVID-19.

Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ukungatheleleki kwemvelo kwe-Covid-19?

Kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Iningi labantu livikelwe ekuthelelekeni kabusha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa lokhu kuzivikela kwemvelo kuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, umzimba wakho ungase ungakwazi ukukhiqiza isimiso somzimba esisebenzayo ngokwanele ngemva kokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ungase ugula futhi ngokushesha kunabanye.

Ngokuvamile, ukuzivikela kwemvelo ekuthelelekeni nge-COVID-19 kunganikeza isivikelo esiqinile ekuguleni okubi kakhulu kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ungathola i-COVID-19 futhi, kodwa ukutheleleka kungenzeka kungabi kubi kangako. Sizofunda kabanzi njengoba abacwaningi befunda izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nezitayela zokutheleleka kabusha.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuba ne-COVID-19 akukuvikeli kwamanye amagciwane avamile, njengomkhuhlane noma i-RSV, noma izifo ezivamile zamagciwane njenge-strep throat. Ukutheleleka ngakunye kubangelwa yigciwane elihlukile. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe unesifo semvelo sesikhashana se-COVID-19, kusengumqondo omuhle ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagciwane ayingozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugeza izandla zakho njalo, ukugqoka imaski ezimweni zomphakathi, nokugwema abantu abagulayo.

Ukuze uthole iseluleko esifanele wena, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela okwaziyo wena nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bangakunikeza iseluleko ngalokho ongakulindela ngemva kokutheleleka yi-COVID-19 nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Uma ugula, ungase ungacabangi ngamaseli amancane emzimbeni wakho elwa wodwa. Kodwa yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Lapho amasosha akho omzimba enqoba igciwane elihlaselayo, usala nokuzivikela kwemvelo okungahlala izinyanga, iminyaka, noma ngisho nokuphila konke.

Kodwa-ke, ukuzivikela kwemvelo kukodwa akukwazi ukwenza konke. Ezimweni eziningi, akuhlali phakade. Futhi, amanye amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya angakwenza ugule kakhulu - ngakho-ke kungcono ukwakha ukuzivikela ngokugoma ezimweni ezinjalo. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi ukuzivikela kwemvelo kungakusiza kanjani ekuvikeleni kwezinye izifo ezivamile, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uhlale uphilile. Khumbula njalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha lapho wenza izinqumo ngempilo yakho!

` Ukuzivikela kwemvelo, amasosha omzimba, ama-antibodies, amaseli enkumbulo, ukugonywa, i-Covid-19, ukutheleleka