Ziyini i-Thymoma kanye ne-Thymic Carcinoma? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa into engajwayelekile esifubeni sakho, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula? Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezivamile nezingenangozi. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, lokhu kungaba izimpawu zomdlavuza ezihlotshaniswa ne -thymus gland . Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezinjalo, ezingavamile zomdlavuza, i-Thymoma kanye ne-Thymic Carcinoma . Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini i-Thymoma kanye ne-Thymic Carcinoma?

Kalula nje, i-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma yizinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza eziqala endlaleni yakho ye-thymus . I-thymus gland itholakala ngemuva kwethambo elikhulu phakathi kwesifuba sakho (ithambo lesifuba). Uma usemusha, i-thymus gland isiza ekwakheni ama-T-lymphocyte, noma ama-T-cell, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi eliyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yomzimba wakho yokulwa nezifo. I-thymus gland iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli: amaseli e-epithelial kanye nama-lymphocyte . Noma yiluphi lwalezi zinhlobo zamaseli lungakhula ngendlela engavamile futhi lube umdlavuza.

• I-Thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma kubangelwa ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli e-epithelial.
• Ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwama -lymphocyte kungaholela emdlavuza ofana ne-Hodgkin lymphoma noma i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma .

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-thymomas kanye nama-carcinoma e-thymic aqala kumaseli e-epithelial e-thymus gland, odokotela bawabiza nangokuthi ama-Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Thymoma ne-Thymic Carcinoma?

Nakuba zombili ziyizimila ze-thymic epithelial (TETs), kunezinhlobo eziningana zomehluko obalulekile.

• I-Thymoma: Lokhu kuvame ukuba umdlavuza okhula kancane . Akuvamile ukusabalala ngale kwe-thymus gland.
• I-Thymic Carcinoma: Lona umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha . Unethuba elikhulu lokusabalala (ukusabalala kwezicubu) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kuye ngokuthi une-thymoma (uhlobo olungenalo ulaka) noma i-thymic carcinoma (uhlobo olunolaka kakhulu), ukwelashwa udokotela wakho akuyalayo kanye nesibikezelo kuzohluka.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilezi zimo?

I-Thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-75. Izifundo emazweni afana ne-United States zibonise ukuthi lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu base-Asia noma basePacific Islander. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi singakhula kunoma ubani. I-Thymoma ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes . Yilapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona ngephutha amangqamuzana awo aphilile. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu eziningi ezingakhululekile. Ezinye zezifo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-thymoma zifaka:

• I-Myasthenia gravis: Lesi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba esithinta imizwa nemisipha, okubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha .
• I-Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA): Lesi yisifo segazi lapho umongo wakho wethambo ungakhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, okubangela i-anemia .
• I-Hypogammaglobulinemia (noma i-Good syndrome): Lokhu kuwubuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lapha, umzimba wakho awukhiqizi amasosha omzimba anele ukulwa nezifo nokuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ze-paraneoplastic zingase zihlotshaniswe ne-thymoma, kodwa azivamile kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• I-Polymyositis
• I-Lupus erythematosus
• Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis
• I-thyroiditis
• Isifo sikaSjögren

Zivame kangakanani i-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma?

I-Thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ezikhula endlaleni ye-thymus. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, lezi ziwumdlavuza ongavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, ngisho nasezweni elikhulu njenge-United States, abantu abangaba ngu-400 kuphela abatholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma?

Abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela lapho umdlavuza usukhulile futhi uqala ukuthinta ezinye izitho esifubeni. Ezinye zezimpawu zihlobene ne-paraneoplastic syndromes okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni.

Izimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza othinta isitho sesifuba

Ubuhlungu nobunzima bokuphefumula kungaba izimpawu ze-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma. Lezi izimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni.
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungapheli.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla.

Ngezinye izikhathi, la mathumba angavimba noma acindezele i- vena cava ephezulu, umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi uye enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungabangela isimo esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-vena cava syndrome ephezulu . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukukhathala
• Isiyezi
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuvuvukala kwentamo nobuso
• Ukuvuvukala kwezandla nezintende zezandla
• Imithambo ebonakala kahle emzimbeni ongaphezulu

Izici ze-paraneoplastic syndromes

Uma une-thymoma, ungase ube nezimpawu ze-paraneoplastic syndromes. Isibonelo:

• Ukubona kabili, ukugoba kwamehlo, ukukhathala okukhulu, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha (lezi yizimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis).
• I-anemia (lokhu kungase kubangelwe yi-aplasia yamaseli abomvu egazi).
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile, isifo sohudo, kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele (lezi yizimpawu ze-hypogammaglobulinemia).

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-thymoma (i-thymic carcinoma)?

Eqinisweni, azikho izici ezithile zofuzo noma zengozi yezemvelo ezitholakale ngenxa ye-thymoma . Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi simo sihlobene yini namagciwane ahlukahlukene, amathonya azuzwe njengefa, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Itholakala kanjani i-thymoma (i-thymic carcinoma)? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela wakho angathola ukuthi unalolu hlobo lwesimila kuphela ngemva kokwenza izivivinyo zezithombe ukuze abheke imbangela yezimpawu zakho. Ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngalesi simila:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: I-X-ray ingabonisa izinto ezifana nezimila emzimbeni. Ingaphinde inikeze ulwazi olubalulekile, njengokuthi imiphetho yesimila ichazwe kahle kangakanani. Isimila esinemiphetho ecacile kulula ukusisusa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT:Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba nge-CT scan kuyindlela evamile kakhulu yokuhlola i-thymoma. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase afake uketshezi olukhethekile (i-contrast medium) emthanjeni wakho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi isimila sibonakale ngokucacile ku-scan. Ezimweni eziningi, i-CT scan yanele ukuthola i-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.
• I-MRI scan: I-MRI ingaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi yesimila. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela ukuthi asihlukanise nezinye izinhlobo zokukhula. Isibonelo, i-MRI ingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe yi-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET noma ukuskena kwe-PET/CT: Ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-PET, udokotela ufaka ushukela ophephile, onemisebe emthanjeni wakho. Lesi sixazululo siqoqana eduze kwamangqamuzana asebenzisa amandla amaningi, njengamaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwenza izinto ezifana namathumba zibonakale kakhulu ekuskeni. Ngokuvamile, ukuskena kwe-PET kanye nokuskena kwe-CT kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo (i-PET/CT).
• I-Biopsy: Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kuyatholakala ukwenza i-biopsy. Yilapho udokotela ethatha khona isampula yamaseli avela ku-tumor bese ewahlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo, udokotela uzosusa lonke u-tumor bese ehlola amaseli. Uma lonke u-tumor lingenakukwazi ukususwa, kuzothathwa isampula kuphela ukuze lihlolwe.

Kunqunywa kanjani ukuthi i-thymoma (i-thymic carcinoma) itholakala kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza ngokuya ngobukhulu bawo. Kunezici eziningi ezinquma ubukhulu besifo. Ukwazi isigaba somdlavuza wakho kusiza udokotela wakho ukuhlela ukwelashwa futhi kukunikeze umbono wamathuba akho okusinda. I-Thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma zihlukaniswa ngezigaba kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-TNM . I-TNM imele i-Tumor, Nodes, kanye ne-Metastasis. Ukuze kutholakale isigaba somdlavuza wakho, odokotela bafuna izimpendulo zemibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Isimila (T): Ingabe sikhona isimila? Sikhulu kangakanani? Sikuphi?
• Ama-Lymph Node (Ama-Node - N): Ingabe umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node? Yimaphi ama-lymph node? Usakazeke ibanga elingakanani?
• I-Metastasis (M): Ingabe umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwe-thymus gland? Kuziphi izingxenye?

Ngokusekelwe ezimpendulweni zale mibuzo, udokotela wakho uzohlukanisa umdlavuza wakho ngezigaba kusukela ku-1 (eyodwa) kuya ku-IV (ezine). Uma inani liphezulu, umdlavuza usakazeke kakhulu. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wesigaba soku-1 usakazeke kancane kunomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-IV. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele nezinye izici, njengokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza awajwayelekile kangakanani, ukuze anqume ubucayi besimo sakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-thymoma (i-thymic carcinoma)?

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza onawo, isigaba somdlavuza, nokuthi umdlavuza usanda kutholakala noma usuphinde wavela. Izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wesifuba angasusa isimila sakho ngokuhlinzwa. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, e-thymus gland, noma elangeni lamaphaphu, bangase basuse nezingxenye zaso. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha i-thymoma yesigaba sokuqala. Uma isimila sonke singenakususwa ngokuphephile, udokotela ohlinzayo uzosusa esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze anciphise izimpawu ezibangelwa yilesi simila.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Udokotela we-radiation oncologist angaletha imisebe kumdlavuza esebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle . Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa umshini ukuqondisa ama-X-ray esimila ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kungasetshenziswa kodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Uma ukuhlinzwa kungakwazi ukususa isimila, unganikezwa imithi yamakhemikhali yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Udokotela wegazi noma udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza angase akunikeze imithi yamakhemikhali yokunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelapha umdlavuza obuyile.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Uma amangqamuzana akho omdlavuza enezinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo , unganikezwa ukwelashwa okuqondiwe. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zenzelwe ukuqondisa lezo zinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo futhi zibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba yindlela yokwelapha i-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy, zingasebenzi.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Immunotherapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze kusize ekuqapheleni nasekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba inketho ye-thymic carcinoma engaphenduli ku-chemotherapy.
• Izivivinyo zemitholampilo: Isivivinyo semitholampilo lucwaningo oluhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho, ungase ufanelekele enye yalezi zinhlelo ezihlola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi usebenzisane nethimba lokunakekelwa kwe-palliative ukuze likusekele kulo lonke ukuxilongwa kwakho komdlavuza. Ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwe-palliative bahlanganisa odokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe. Bangakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zomdlavuza kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ungakanani noma amathuba akho okululama, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma?

Ngokuvamile, ama-thymoma anesimo esingcono kune-thymic carcinomas. Futhi, uma umdlavuza utholakala kuphela ku-thymus gland, izinga lokusinda lingcono kunokuba umdlavuza ususakazeke. Amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ku-thymic carcinoma alandelayo (khumbula, lezi yizibalo ezijwayelekile):

• Uma umdlavuza usesithonjeni se-thymus kuphela: 95%
• Uma isakazekele ezithweni nasezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph eziseduze: 78%
• Uma isakazekele ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba (i-metastasized): 38%

Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo azinaki izinto ezithile njengempilo yakho iyonke, uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba somdlavuza, noma impendulo yakho ekwelashweni. Izinga lokusinda kwakho linqunywa yizici eziningana. Udokotela wakho angakuchazela lokhu. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngalezi zinombolo.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginalo mdlavuza?

Kwezinye izimo, zonke izimpawu zomdlavuza zingase ziphele ngokuphelele (ukuxolelwa) , futhi umdlavuza ungase ungabuyi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, zombili izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingabuya (ziphinde zibuye) . Endabeni ye-thymoma, umdlavuza ungaqhubeka isikhathi eside ungabuyi. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela njalo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Khuluma nethimba lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa. Unganqikazi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nomdlavuza nokuthi uzothinta kanjani impilo yakho. Ungase ufune ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Iyini isigaba somdlavuza wami?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo? Ungangincoma ukuthi ngibambe iqhaza?
• Iyini inhloso yokwelashwa?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi okufanele ngiyilindele?
• Kufanele ngilindele ukuthi imiphumela emibi iqale nini?
• Liyini ithuba lokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye?
• Ukuxilongwa kwami ​​kanye nokwelashwa kuzoyithinta kanjani impilo yami?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ukuxilongwa kwe-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma kungasho izinto eziningi ezahlukene. Amanye amathumba akhula kancane, kanti amanye anamandla kakhulu. Amanye angasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa amanye kungenzeka ukuthi asakazeke ngesikhathi udokotela wakho ewathola. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi umdlavuza wakho uzothinta kanjani imiphumela yokwelashwa kwakho.Futhi, xoxani ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwenketho ngayinye yokwelashwa engenzeka. Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela, umndeni, nabangani abangakusiza ukubhekana nalesi simo. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluhle futhi ube nombono omuhle. Uma unemibuzo, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. ` i-thymoma, i-thymic carcinoma, i-thymus gland, umdlavuza, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela, i-myasthenia gravis, i-autoimmune, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, umdlavuza, i-thymoma, i-thymic carcinoma, i-thymus gland