Ubuwazi ukuthi uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu, umzimba wethu unebutho lokulwa nalo? Olunye uhlobo olukhethekile lwamasosha kuleli butho lubizwa ngokuthi i-Neutrophil. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, inani lala masosha emzimbeni wethu liyehla. Yilapho ngisho nokugula okuncane kuba kubi kakhulu futhi ukutheleleka kuqala ukwenzeka njalo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Neutropenia', lapho amasosha okuzivikela omzimba ehla khona.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Neutropenia?
I-Neutropenia (ebizwa ngokuthi i-neutro-pe-nia) yisimo lapho inani lama-neutrophil, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi, egazini lakho liphansi kunejwayelekile. Lawa ma-neutrophil akhiqizwa kakhulu emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthola nokubhubhisa amagciwane, njengebhaktheriya namagciwane, angena emizimbeni yethu.
Ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma la ma-neutrophil ephansi. Kufana nokuthi ibutho elivikela izwe libuthakathaka. Amandla omzimba wethu okulwa namagciwane ancipha kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho namabhaktheriya avamile emilonyeni nasemathunjini ethu, angalimazi umuntu ophilile, angabangela ukutheleleka okukhulu.
Amazinga e-neutrophil ahlukaniswa kanjani?
Udokotela uzonquma lokhu ngokubheka imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho. Ngokuvamile, umuntu omdala onempilo kufanele abe nama-neutrophil angaphezu kuka-1,500 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. I-Neutropenia ihlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu kuye ngokuthi leli nani liphansi kangakanani.
| Izinga le-Neutropenia | Inani lama-neutrophils ku-microliter yegazi |
|---|---|
| I-Neutropenia encane | Phakathi kuka-1,000 - 1,500 |
| I-Neutropenia Ephakathi | Phakathi kuka-500 - 1,000 |
| I-Neutropenia Enzima | Ngaphansi kuka-500 |
Lesi simo singaba sesikhashana (esibucayi) noma eside (esingamahlalakhona). Singazalwa naso noma sitholakale.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-neutropenia?
Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokwehla kwama-neutrophil. Noma ngabe umongo wethambo awukhiqizi ama-neutrophil anele, noma ama-neutrophil akhiqizwayo abhujiswa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko:
- Umdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo: Lokhu kuyimbangela evamile. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, ikakhulukazi komdlavuza, kungalimaza namaseli anempilo abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils, ahlukanisa ngokushesha amaseli, lapho ebhujiswa. Kungabangelwa futhi umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia.
- Ukutheleleka: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane zinganciphisa amazinga e-neutrophil okwesikhashana. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-HIV, i-Hepatitis, i-Tuberculosis, kanye ne-sepsis, ukutheleleka okunzima.
- Imithi ethile: Ngaphezu kwemithi yomdlavuza, eminye imithi esetshenziswa kwezinye izifo ingabangela ukwehla kwama-neutrophils njengomphumela ongemuhle.
- Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ehlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu e-neutrophil aphilile, ecabanga ukuthi ayizitha. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne-lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
- Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo: Lesi simo singase senzeke uma umzimba untula izakhamzimba ezifana ne-vitamin B12, i-folate, noma ithusi.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Abanye abantu bathola lesi simo njengefa kusukela ekuzalweni.
Ngezinye izikhathi, akukho sizathu esingatholakala. Odokotela babiza izimo ezinjalo ngokuthi 'i-Chronic idiopathic neutropenia'. Lokho kusho "ukwehla kwesikhathi eside kwama-neutrophils ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile."
Ziyini izimpawu ze-neutropenia?
Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi i-Neutropenia ngokwayo ayinazo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yama-neutrophils aphansi, ungase ube nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezifo ozithola kalula. Uma ugula njalo, kungaba uphawu lwe-Neutropenia.
Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Umkhuhlane (ngaphezu kwama-38 Celsius noma ama-100.4 Fahrenheit)
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenampilo
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga omzimba
- Izilonda ezibuhlungu emlonyeni noma endunu
- Uhudo
- Ukushisa nobuhlungu lapho uchama
- Izifo zesikhumba (ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu)
Uma izinga lakho le-neutropenia liphansi, ungase usenama-neutrophil anele asele emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nezifo. Ungase ungabi nazimpawu okwamanje.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangeni yamazinga akho aphansi e-neutrophil nokuthi inzima kangakanani. Amanye amacala amancane angase angadingi ukwelashwa.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Ama-antibiotic: Uma une-neutropenia kanye nomkhuhlane (obizwa ngokuthi 'i-febrile neutropenia'), kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka okukhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, udokotela wakho angakungenisa esibhedlela futhi akunike ama-antibiotic anamandla ngomthambo (ngomugqa).
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Uma i-neutropenia yakho ibangelwa yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba, le mithi inikezwa ukulawula umsebenzi wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- I-G-CSF (i-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): Lena uhlobo olukhethekile lomjovo oluvuselela umongo wamathambo futhi lwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ikakhulukazi ama-neutrophil). Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa abantu abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
- Ukushintsha imithi: Uma isimo sakho sibangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase awuyeke noma ashintshe umthamo.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngizivikele ezifweni?
Uma wazi ukuthi une-neutropenia, into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuzivikela ezifweni. Njengoba amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthaka, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala uma amanzi engekho.
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Thola yonke imijovo yakho oyidingayo , njengomjovo we-influenza, ngesikhathi. Cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Gwema ukusikeka nokuklwebheka. Hlanza futhi welaphe ngisho namanxeba amancane ngokushesha.
- Qaphela kakhulu inhlanzeko yokudla. Geza imifino nezithelo kahle ngaphambi kokudla. Pheka inyama, inhlanzi namaqanda kahle ngaphambi kokudla.
- Ungasebenzisi izitsha zabanye abantu, izinkomishi, izipuni, izinsingo zokushefa, amathawula, kanye namabhulashi amazinyo.
- Uma usebenza engadini, gqoka amagilavu.
- Uma ususa indle yezilwane ezifuywayo noma ushintsha amanabukeni ezingane ezincane, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka amagilavu futhi ugeza izandla zakho kahle uma usuqedile.
- Gwema ukubhukuda emanzini angahlanzekile, njengamachibi, imifula kanye namachibi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu?
Uma uphathwa yi-chemotherapy noma unesinye isimo sezokwelapha esingabangela i-neutropenia, ungalibali uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Isibonakaliso sesixwayiso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingu-38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu. |
| Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela | Ukuzizwa ubanda kakhulu, uqhaqhazela, noma ujuluka. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukukhwehlela okusha noma okubi kakhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba. |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu | Umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu noma intamo iqine. |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isifo sohudo, noma ukuhlanza. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ukubomvu/ukuvuvukala noma kuphi emzimbeni, isiyezi, noma ukuzizwa ungakhululekile kunokujwayelekile. |
I-neutropenia ayiyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyiqaphela futhi uqaphele. Uma ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivikela ezifweni, ungasiphatha kahle lesi simo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Neutropenia ukwehla kwenani lama-neutrophil, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe egazini. Lawa ngamaseli ayinhloko avikela imizimba yethu ekuthelelekeni.
- Lesi simo singabangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza (i-chemotherapy), ezinye izifo, kanye nemithi ethile.
- I-neutropenia ngokwayo ayinazo izimpawu ezithile, kodwa izifo ezibangelwa yiyo zingabangela umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu.
- Uma une-neutropenia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ezifweni. Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina inhlanzeko enhle, njengokugeza izandla zakho njalo, ukuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo, kanye nokugcina ukudla kuphephile.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu njengomkhuhlane, ukubanda, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela.
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