Uyakhumbula ukuqubuka kwe-SARS okwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni embalwa edlule? Cishe wawuseyingane ngaleso sikhathi. Ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sonke sifunde okuningi ngezifo zokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe kancane ngokuqubuka kwe-SARS okwesabisa umhlaba esikhathini esidlule. Ukwazi lokhu kuzosisiza sibhekane nezimo ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo.
Iyini ngempela i-SARS?
Kalula nje, i-SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) yisifo esibi kakhulu esithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, uhlelo esiphefumula kulo. Sasakazekela emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2002 nango-2003.
Lesi sifo sibangelwa igciwane elivela emndenini we-coronavirus. Libizwa ngokuthi i-SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) . Yebo, ukuqagele kahle, lesi yisihlobo esiseduze segciwane elibangela i-COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).
Ngaleso sikhathi, iningi labantu abangenwe yi-SARS ekuqaleni babonisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile, njengomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, cishe isiguli esisodwa noma ezimbili kweziyishumi (lokho kungu-10% - 20%) sathola isifo esibi kakhulu.
Ngenhlanhla, azikho izehlakalo ze-SARS ezibikiwe noma kuphi emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2004. Kodwa kusafanele ukufunda ngalesi sifo.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-SARS?
Kwakunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile ze-SARS. Ake sizihlolisise.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophakeme oqhubekayo | Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko nolokuqala: umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuncipha. |
| Ukuthuthumela nokuzizwa ubanda | Kanye nomkhuhlane, ungase uzizwe ubanda futhi uqhaqhazele. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba | Njengoba nje ubamba umkhuhlane, umzimba wakho uyaqaqamba futhi ikhanda lakho liyaqaqamba. |
| Ukukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula | Ukukhwehlela okomile kanye nokuphelelwa umoya kungase kwenzeke zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala. |
| Ezinye izici | Abanye abantu babonise nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu. |
Kwabanye abantu, kwavela njengomkhuhlane ojwayelekile futhi kwaba ngcono. Kodwa kwabanye, lesi sifo saba sibi kakhulu futhi sathinta amaphaphu.
Lesi sifo sasakazeka kanjani?
Lokhu kusabalala njenge-Covid-19.
- Amaconsi okuphefumula: Igciwane likhona emaconsi amancane (amaconsi okuphefumula) aphuma ekhaleni nasemlonyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Uma la maconsi engena emgudwini wokuphefumula womuntu oseduze, angasakaza lesi sifo.
- Ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcolile: Uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, igciwane lingahlala ezindaweni ezifana namatafula nezibambo zeminyango. Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta lezo zindawo bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe ngesandla esifanayo esingcolile, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni.
Uyabona, akunjalo? Ukubaluleka kokugeza izandla zakho kuhlala kufana.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-SARS?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, i-SARS ayizange ibangele ukugula okubi kubo bonke, kodwa kulabo ababa nezinkinga ezinkulu.
- I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.
- I-Hypoxia: Ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela egazini nasezicutshini zomzimba. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukwehluleka Kokuphefumula: Amaphaphu awakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iziguli azikwazi ukuphefumula zodwa futhi kufanele zixhunywe kumoya womoya osebenza ngomshini .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo asisabalali manje. Ngakho-ke, yize sikwazi lokhu, asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngokungadingekile.
Ingabe i-SARS ne-COVID-19 ziyinto efanayo?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Impendulo ithi, "Cha, lezi yizifo ezimbili ezahlukene." Kodwa njengoba zombili lezi zifo zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane emndenini we-coronavirus, kunokufana nokwehluka phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Ake sikubone ngokucacile etafuleni.
| Iphuzu | I-SARS | I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19) |
|---|---|---|
| Igciwane | I-SARS-CoV-1 | I-SARS-CoV-2 |
| Izinga lokusabalala | Ayithelelani kangako kune-Covid-19. | Isakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kalula. |
| Ukusabalala kwangaphambi kwezimpawu | Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sasithelelana kakhulu ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu. | Lesi sifo singadluliselwa kwabanye ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu (presymptomatic). Yingakho kunzima kakhulu ukusilawula. |
| Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke | Kwabikwa amacala angaphezu kuka-8,000. | Kubikwe izigidi zamacala, okwaba ubhubhane womhlaba wonke. |
Ngakho-ke ukusabalala kwe-SARS kwamiswa kanjani?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale ndaba. Ubhubhane lwe-SARS lwalawulwa ngoba amazwe nososayensi emhlabeni wonke basebenzisana.
- Ukuhlonza igciwane ngokushesha: Ososayensi basheshe bathola igciwane elibangela lokhu futhi bathola izindlela zokulihlola.
- Ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa iziguli: Njengoba i-SARS yayithelelana kakhulu ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu, ukuhlola abantu abanezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokubahlukanisa ekhaya noma ezibhedlela kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu ekulawuleni ukusabalala.
- Izinyathelo zezempilo zomphakathi:Kwathathwa izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlola abagibeli ezikhumulweni zezindiza kanye nokuvalela labo abahlangane neziguli.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinto, umhlaba ukwazile ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukusabalala kwegciwane le-SARS ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kumagciwane anjengalawa?
Nakuba i-SARS isiphelile manje, kunezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-COVID-19 kanye nomkhuhlane ovamile. Ngakho-ke kunemikhuba elula yezempilo esingayisebenzisa ukuze sizivikele kuzo zonke lezi zinto.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
- Hlala kude nabanye abantu uma ugula: Uma unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma umkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo emndenini wakho nakwabanye emphakathini.
- Gqoka imaski uma ugula: Uma kufanele uphume uma ugula, gqoka imaski.
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula: Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane. Ungakhwehleli ngqo esandleni sakho.
Uma senza le mikhuba ibe yingxenye yempilo yethu, singazivikela hhayi kuphela kuma-SARS, kodwa nakwezinye izifo eziningi ezithelelanayo. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho ebhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Uma ungabaza nganoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-SARS yisifo esibi kakhulu sokuphefumula esibangelwa yi-coronavirus esasakazeka phakathi kuka-2002 no-2004.
- Nakuba lokhu kuhlobene ne-Covid-19, ziyizifo ezimbili ezihlukene. I-Covid-19 isakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kune-SARS.
- Ngenhlanhla, azikho izehlakalo ze-SARS ezibikiwe emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2004. Lokhu kuwumphumela wezinyathelo zempilo yomphakathi eziphumelelayo.
- Imikhuba emihle yezempilo, njengokugeza izandla njalo nokuhlala kude nabanye lapho ugula, ingasisiza ekuvikeleni kunoma yiziphi izifo zokuphefumula ezingase zisakazeke esikhathini esizayo.
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