Ingabe ukulimala kwamehlo okubi kakhulu? (Open Globe Injury) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi amehlo ethu azwela futhi ayigugu kangakanani? Ngisho nengozi encane ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi uma kwenzeka okuthile emehlweni, kungase kubonakale sengathi akukho okubi kakhulu, kodwa empeleni kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokulimala okuyingozi kakhulu okungase kwenzeke emehlweni. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi `(Open Globe Injury)`. Kalula nje, kufana neso eliqhekekile.

Kuyini lokhu `(Ukulimala Okuvulekile Kwembulunga)`? Masikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, "Ukulimala Kwe-Open Globe" yilapho iso lethu - okungukuthi, inhlamvu yeso, odokotela abayibiza ngokuthi "inhlamvu" - ishaywa yinto eqinile, noma into ebukhali inamathele kuyo, okubangela ukusikeka noma imbobo kuyo yonke inhlamvu yodonga lweso. Cabanga ngakho njengebhola elincane eliqhumayo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, udonga lweso alusavalwanga ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvumela izicubu ezithambile ngaphakathi kweso ukuthi ziphume.

Udonga lweso lethu lwakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili. Enye ingxenye emhlophe , odokotela abayibiza ngokuthi `(Sclera)`. Enye ingxenye esobala ngaphambili kweso, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cornea . `(Ukulimala Okuvulekile Kwesihlabathi)` kwenzeka lapho ukusikeka kudlula ebukhulu obuphelele be-cornea, i-sclera, noma kokubili.

Okubalulekile: Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu futhi kungathi sína kuneso eliklwebhekile!

Ukuklwebheka kwamehlo, okwaziwa nangokuthi "i-Corneal Abrasion" (ukuklwebheka kwe-Corneal), kuwukuklwebheka okuncane okwenzeka kuphela ebusweni be-cornea. Esikhathini esiningi, akukubi kangako. Kodwa-ke, "i-Open Globe Injury" iwukulimala okujulile kakhulu futhi okubi kakhulu.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalokhu `(Ukulimala Okuvulekile Kwembulunga)`?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zalokhu kulimala kuye ngokuthi kwenzeka kanjani:

• Ukuqhuma Kwembulunga: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iso lishaywa kanzima yinto ebukhali (engaqondile), njengokushaywa yibhola eliqinile.
• Ukusikeka kwembulunga egcwele ubukhulu: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iso lisikwa yinto ebukhali.
• Ukungena kwembulunga: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ebukhali inamathela esweni bese ihlala ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukubhoboka kwembulunga: Nalapha futhi, into ebukhali ingena esweni, kodwa idlula esweni bese iphuma, noma idlula isuka endaweni ethile ngaphakathi kweso iye kwenye.

Noma ngabe yikuphi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi njengoba ingxenye yodonga lwamehlo ivuliwe, izinto ezingaphakathi kweso zingaphuma.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuba nezingozi ezinje?

Empeleni, noma ubani angathola "i-Open Globe Injury". Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi amadoda asengozini enkulu . Ikakhulukazi, abesilisa abasebasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40 banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi simo kunabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40.

Futhi, uma uke wahlinzwa amehlo ngaphambilini – isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma, noma ukufakelwa i-cornea – nawe usengozini enkulu kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu ezivikelayo zeso ngezinye izikhathi zingaba buthakathaka kancane ezindaweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe khona.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala kwe-"Open Globe"? Ukubona kanjani?

Izimpawu zalokhu kulimala zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Kukhona ubuhlungu obukhulu esweni .
• Ungase ulahlekelwe umbono wakho noma umbono wakho ungase ufiphale.
• Uketshezi olunamanzi lungase luphume esweni.
• Ungabona ngisho nenxeba elibonakalayo ngaphezu kwejwabu leso.
• Ungabona izicubu ezingaphakathi kweso ziphuma . Lesi yisibonakaliso esingathi sína kakhulu.

Yini ebangela ingozi enjalo?

Ake sibheke izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu `(Ukulimala Kwe-Open Globe)`:

• Ukuwa: Ikakhulukazi uma uwa bese ushaya ikhanda lakho. Lokhu kuvamile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-75. Qaphela uma kukhona izindawo ezishelelayo noma izinto ezingakukhuba.
• Izikhali ezibukhali njengezikele: Lokhu kuyinto okudingeka uyiqaphele kakhulu emakhaya anezingane ezincane. Ungashiyi izinto ezifana nezikele nemimese lapho zingazithola khona kalula.
• Ukulwa: Yilokhu okungenzeka uma ushaywa ekhanda, okungukuthi, uma ukhahlelwa ngesandla sakho.
• Izingozi zezimoto kanye nezingozi zemishini yezimboni: Lesi simo singabangelwa yizingcezu ezincane zezinto eziphonswa ngesivinini esikhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza, noma ukubanjwa yimishini uqobo.
• I-Shrapnel: Izinto ezifana nezingcezu zempuphu yesibhamu.
• Ukudubula ngezibhamu.
• Ukuqhuma: Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu ngisho nalapho ukhanyisa ama-firecracker.
• Ukugwaza.
• UBilly Hook: Labo abaya kodoba kufanele baqaphele ngalokhu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani "ukulimala kwe-Open Globe"?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ulimale kakhulu iso kanje, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukungathinti, ukucindezela, noma ukuhlikihla iso lakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamehlo noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu.

Udokotela uzohlola iso lakho, alalele izimpawu zakho, futhi mhlawumbe asole ukuthi "ukulimala kwe-Open Globe" kususelwa endleleni iso lakho elibukeka ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-"Ultrasound" noma kwe-"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)" kungenziwa, kodwa kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izingcezu zensimbi ngaphakathi kweso. Ngoba uma kunezingcezu zensimbi, i-"MRI" ingaba yingozi.

Uma kungenzeka, udokotela uzokubuza imininingwane efana nokuthi ingozi yenzeke kanjani, isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi kwenzekani ngemva kwalokho.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala, akukho ngcindezi efakwa esweni. Udokotela uvame ukwenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kwe-`(Slit lamp eye)`. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone zonke izingxenye zeso ngokucacile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-`(Ishadi lamehlo le-Snellen)`. Lolu ukuhlolwa okune-"big E" okuhlola ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani.
• Isikeni se-"Computed Tomography (CT)" sobuso bakho nendawo yomhlathi.

Ilashwa kanjani i-"Open Globe Injury"?

(I-Open Globe Injury) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha. Uma kukhona ezinye izingozi ezisongela ukuphila ezibangelwe yile ngozi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizozelapha kuqala. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho udokotela wamehlo ezohlola khona iso.

Iningi "lokulimala kwe-Open Globe" lidinga ukuhlinzwa. Kuze kube yilapho ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe, noma uma ukulimala kwakho kungadingi ukuhlinzwa (okuyinto engavamile kakhulu), kufanele nakanjani wenze okulandelayo:

• Zama ukuhlala uzolile ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ungalokothi uthinte noma ucindezele iso lakho. Ungalicindezeli iso lakho.
• Vikela iso lakho. Odokotela bazolivikela.
• Ungenzi noma yini ebeka ingcindezi emehlweni akho. Lokho kusho ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, ukugoba, noma ukuzikhandla endlini yangasese. Zama ukugwema ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa uma ungakwazi ukuyeka, khipha. Ungabambeleli ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula kwakho.
• Thatha umuthi udokotela wakho akunika wona ukuze uyeke ukuhlanza futhi unciphise ubuhlungu njengoba uyalelwe. (Uma ungakanikwa umuthi kodwa usabhekene nobuhlungu obukhulu noma isicanucanu, tshela udokotela wakho.)
• Uma usembhedeni , gcina ikhanda lakho liphakeme cishe ngama-degree angu-30.
• Uma kudingeka, thola umjovo we-tetanus.

Ukulimala kwe-Open Globe Injury (OGI) kuvame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, lapho i-cornea kanye ne-sclera kuhlanganiswa khona ndawonye. Uma udinga ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzozama ukuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izicubu zamehlo ezikhululekile eziphume ekulimaleni, noma asuse noma yiziphi izicubu ezonakele. Bazozama futhi ukubuyisela ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzonikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane okufanele ifakwe esweni futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphuzwe ngomlomo. Lawa ma-antibiotic anikezwa ukuvimbela izifo ezinkulu ngaphakathi kweso, njenge-endophthalmitis, nezinye izifo.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha okungenani amasonto amabili ukuthi amehlo akho aphole, kodwa kusadingeka uvikele amehlo akho amasonto ambalwa engeziwe.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kokuqala kusize kakhulu ukuvala iso nokuqala inqubo yokuphulukisa. Ezimweni eziningi, ungase ube nokulimala okwengeziwe (njengokuqhekeka kwe-retinal, i-cataracts, noma izinyembezi ze-iris). Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kamuva, ngemva kokuba iso selipholile kancane.

Kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho izikhathi eziningana (ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela) ukuze uhlole ukuthi uyalulama yini. Ukuhambisana nalezi zikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamehlo akho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokulimala kwe-"Open Globe"?

Enye yezingozi ezinkulu zamehlo "yi-Open Globe Injury". Umphumela uncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lokulimala kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo obuqhubekayo.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela noma ukubona okufiphele.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal.
• Ukuqhuma kwe-Choroidal: Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okukhulu kanye noshintsho olukhulu lokucindezela ngaphakathi kweso.
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Phthisis bulbi)`. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukubona kuncipha, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso iphansi, futhi iso "liyayeka ukusebenza" isikhathi esithile. Kalula nje, iso liyancipha.
• Ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kweso (i-endophthalmitis). Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela noma ngisho nasekulahlekelweni kweso.
• Ukususwa kweso ngokuphelele. Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iso lingadinga ukususwa uma ukulimala kukhulu kangangokuthi akukwazi ukulungiswa.

Lolu hlobo lwengozi lungancishiswa kanjani?

Nakuba kungezona zonke izingozi ezingavinjelwa, ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ungashiyi izinto ezibukhali (njengezikele nemimese) eduze nezingane ezincane. Zifundise ukusebenzisa izinto ezinjalo ngokucophelela.
• Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha lapho usebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza ngemishini, nalapho udlala imidlalo yokuthintana noma imidlalo ehamba ngokushesha (isib. ikhilikithi, i-baseball).
• Qaphela kakhulu lapho ushayela.
• Landela izinqubo zokuphepha uma usebenzisa imishini endaweni yokusebenza. Ungasebenzi nemishini ngenkathi udakiwe.
• Gwema ukulwa ngokomzimba nabanye abantu.
• Qaphela kakhulu uma uke wahlinzwa amehlo ngaphambilini, noma uma umbono wakho kwelinye iso usuvele uphansi kakhulu.
• Susa futhi ugcine izinto ezingase ziwe emnyango (amakhaphethi ashelelayo, izinto ezingadingekile emgwaqweni). Qiniseka ukuthi kunokukhanya okuhle ngaphakathi endlini.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-"Open Globe Injury"?

Uma une-"Open Globe Injury", ngokuvamileKungcono ukuhlinzwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48 kusukela ekulimaleni. Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa sincike ekutheni ukulimala kokuqala bekukubi kangakanani.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Noma yikuphi ukulimala kweso kufanele kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Kufanele ubonane nodokotela noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Uma une-"Open Globe Injury", kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho wamehlo ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele ngiyigweme?
• Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni?
• Ngingalala kanjani embhedeni?
• Hlobo luni lwemaski yamehlo okufanele ngiyisebenzise?
• Uma ngiba nezimpawu, kufanele ngiphinde ngibone udokotela noma ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo?
• Hlobo luni lochwepheshe bamehlo okufanele ngibabone ukuze ngithole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe? (Isibonelo, "uchwepheshe we-retina" uma i-retina yonakele, "uchwepheshe we-Glaucoma" uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso iphezulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa).

Khumbula, uma ulimele iso lakho empini, ekuweni, noma kwenye ingozi, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ungase ungaqapheli ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi "une-Open Globe Injury". Kodwa-ke, uma unayo, udinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze ulondoloze umbono wakho, futhi mhlawumbe usindise iso lakho. Kukhona usizo ngalesi simo. Ungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni lolu hlobo lwengozi ngokugqoka njalo isivikelo samehlo esinconywayo nokushayela ngokuphepha.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya: Masikhumbule!

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-`(Open Globe Injury)` esikhulume ngayo namuhla:

• "Ukulimala kwe-Open Globe" kuwukulimala okukhulu kakhulu esweni. Kuhilela ukudabuka noma ukubhoboka kodonga lweso.
• Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kakhulu kunokuklwebheka kwamehlo okuvamile.
• Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, noma ukuphuma kwegazi esweni , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ungabhekani emehlweni noma ubheke nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
• Ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kuvame ukudingeka.
• Ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha (ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha, ukusebenzisa izinto ezibukhali ngokucophelela) kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izingozi ezinjalo.

Amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela. Uma kwenzeka okuthile kuwe, ungesabi noma ukhathazeke, kodwa funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukulimala Kwe- Open Globe, Ukulimala Kwamehlo, Izingozi Zamehlo, Ukukhala Kwamehlo, Ukwelashwa Kwamehlo Okuphuthumayo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo