Uma sicabanga ngama-Olympic, sicabanga ngabasubathi abahle kakhulu emhlabeni, izinkundla zemidlalo eziklanywe kahle, kanye nomkhosi omningi, akunjalo? Kungumcimbi esiwulangazelelayo sonke, isikhathi lapho umhlaba uhlangana khona. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi lokhu kungaba namuphi umthelela kubantu abavamile edolobheni lapho lo mcimbi omkhulu ubanjelwa khona? Eqinisweni, edolobheni elisingatha ama-Olympic, lokhu kungase kungabi yinto enhle ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalobu buhle, kukhona uhlangothi olufihliwe olungakhulunywa muntu ngalo, oluthinta impilo yabantu. Ake sixoxe ngalo namuhla.
Kuzokwenzekani ngokunakekelwa kwempilo?
Ungamangala uma ucabanga ngezindleko zokubamba iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki. Kuyisamba esikhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ama-Olimpiki asebusika ka-2014 eSochi, eRussia, abize cishe amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-50. Uma usebenzisa imali engaka entweni eyodwa, kungalimaza uhlelo lwezempilo lwezwe, ikakhulukazi olungenamali eningi.
Njengoba uDiego Silva, umfundisi omkhulu we-bioethics eNyuvesi yaseSydney, esho, "Lapho into engavamile njenge-Olympics ifika ezweni elinesimiso sezempilo esivele sibhekene nobunzima, leso simiso asikwazi ukusisingatha."
Isibonelo esihle salokhu yiMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki ka-2016 eRio de Janeiro. Ngaleso sikhathi, iBrazil yayisivele iphakathi kwenkinga enkulu yezomnotho. Lokhu kwaholela ekuncishisweni kwezinsizakalo ezibhedlela zomphakathi, emitholampilo, nasezikhungweni zokwelapha eziphuthumayo (ama-ETU), kanti amanye amayunithi avaliwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, abezindaba babike ukuthi "izakhamuzi zaseRio zazilinde izinsuku eziningi ukuze zihlinzwe ngokuphuthumayo noma zingeniswe esikhungweni sokunakekelwa okujulile. Kodwa-ke, abadlali base-Olympic Village babethola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusezingeni eliphezulu."
Cabanga ukuthi kungaba buhlungu kangakanani ukuchitha yonke imali yezwe emkhosini owodwa bese ushiya abantu bakini bengenandawo yokuthenga imithi?
Kunjalo nangeMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki yase-Athens ka-2004. IGrisi yachitha cishe u-5% we-GDP yayo kuyo. Ngemva nje kwalokho, izwe langena enkingeni enkulu yezikweletu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhaswa kwezibhedlela zomphakathi kwancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-50%. Namuhla, izinkundla eziningi zama-Olimpiki ezakhelwe iMidlalo zishiywe dengwane, azinamsebenzi.
Uke wacabanga ngomonakalo odalwe emvelweni?
Umonakalo odalwe endaweni ezungezile ngomcimbi wama-Olympic awubalulekile. Lokhu futhi kuthinta ngqo impilo yabantu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwakudingeka amalitha amanzi angaba yizigidi ezingu-500 ukuze kwenziwe iqhwa elenziwe ngama-Olimpiki aseBeijing ka-2022. Endaweni eyayivele ibhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi, la manzi atholakala ngokunqamula ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kwabalimi kanye nomphakathi jikelele.
Ngaphambi kwama-Olympic aseSochi, izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zabika ukuthi idolobhana lase-Akhshtyr lalingenawo amanzi ahlala njalo iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwama-Olympic. Umbiko uthe "uthuli oluningi oluvela ezimotweni zokwakha lubangele umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yabantu, empahleni, emfuyweni, nakwezolimo."
Izimpilo zabasebenzi kulezi zinhlelo ezinkulu zokwakha nazo zisengozini. Ingcindezi yokuqeda umsebenzi ngesikhathi isho ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphepha zivame ukunganakwa. Cishe abasebenzi abangu-70 bashona ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa eSochi. Abangu-13 bashona ngaphambi kweMidlalo yaseRio. Isisebenzi esakha inkundla yama-Olympic yaseTokyo sazibulala ngemuva kokusebenza amahora angu-190 esikhathi esengeziwe ngenyanga. Kwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni "njengokufa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile."
Umthelela empilweni yabantu
Mhlawumbe lokhu kungumthelela ongakhulunywa kakhulu ngawo, kodwa obhubhisa kakhulu. Abantu bendawo baxoshwa ngenkani emakhaya abo ukuze kutholakale indawo yokwakha ama-Olympic. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadabukisa ukuzwa lezi zinombolo.
| Ama-Olimpiki | Abantu abakhishwe ngenkani (cishe) |
|---|---|
| 1988 eSeoul | Abantu abangu-720,000 |
| 2008 Beijing | Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 (izigidi ezingu-1.5) |
Cabanga ngobuhlungu bezigidi zabantu abaphoqeleka ukushiya amakhaya abo, omakhelwane babo, kanye nokuziphilisa kwabo. Lokhu kususwa kwabantu kuye kwahambisana nobudlova, abanye baze baboshwa labo abaphikisana nabo. Abanye bazibulala, bengakwazi ukubekezelela ingcindezi.
Ngokuvamile kuthinta abampofu, abantu abancane kanye nabantu abahlukunyezwe. Ama-favela aseRio, amaRom emikhosini yaseBarcelona nase-Athens ayizibonelo. Lapho laba bantu besuswa ngenkani endaweni abajwayele, balahlekelwa yibo bonke ukuxhumana kwabo nabantu kanye nezindlela zokusekelana. Ukulimala kwengqondo okuba umphumela kuyalimaza kakhulu.
Ingabe ingozi yokusabalalisa izifo ezithathelwanayo ingokoqobo?
Njengoba izigidi zabantu zibuthana endaweni eyodwa emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlale kunokwesaba ukuthi izifo ezithelelanayo zisakazeka kuyo yonke iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, akukaze kube nokuqubuka okukhulu kwezifo. Kwakukhona ukukhathazeka ngegciwane le-Zika elithwalwa omiyane ngaphambi kweMidlalo yaseRio ka-2016, kodwa akukho amacala amasha abikiwe ngesikhathi seMidlalo.
Ama-Olimpiki aseTokyo naseBeijing, abanjwe phakathi nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus (COVID-19), kubonakala sengathi ahlangabezane nale nselele ngempumelelo. IKomidi Lama-Olimpiki Lomhlaba Wonke lithi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-coronavirus isakazeka phakathi kwabadlali kanye nabantu bendawo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinyathelo zokuphepha kwezempilo ezithuthukisiwe ezisetshenziswa emicimbini emikhulu kangaka.
Liyoba njani ikusasa?
Ngakho-ke yini engenziwa ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwe yila ma-Olympic?
Into yokuqala ukukhetha idolobha elizosingatha imidlalo. Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki kufanele isingathwe yizwe elinomnotho oqinile elingamelana nanoma yikuphi ukwehla komnotho okungase kwenzeke phakathi kosuku okumenyezelwe ngalo kanye nosuku imidlalo ezobanjelwa ngalo. I-Rio yakhethwa ngo-2009. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi imidlalo ibanjwa ngo-2016, izwe lase livele liwohloka ngokomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ngikholelwa ukuthi amadolobha akhethwe njengamadolobha azosingatha imidlalo esikhathini esizayo, njengeParis (2024), iMilan (2026) kanye neLos Angeles (2028), azokwazi ukubhekana nale nselele.
Kunezinye iziphakamiso ezimbalwa:
- Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomkhosi: Ukubamba umkhosi ngezinga elincane, kunokuba kube ngezinga elikhulu kangaka.
- Ukusabalalisa: Ukubamba imicimbi emadolobheni amaningi, kunokuba kukhawulelwe edolobheni elilodwa.
- Idolobha elihlala njalo elisingatha imidlalo yama-Olimpiki: Ukubamba ama-Olimpiki endaweni eyodwa ehlala njalo, kunokukhetha idolobha elisha isikhathi ngasinye. Lokhu kuzosusa isidingo sokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha, ukufuduka kwabantu, kanye nokulimaza imvelo isikhathi ngasinye.
Lezi ziphakamiso azintsha. Ngemva kokuba iMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki yokuqala yanamuhla ibanjelwe ngo-1896, iGrisi yacela ukuthi iMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki ibanjelwe e-Athens unomphela. Kodwa lokho akwenzekanga. Kodwa manje, uma sibheka umonakalo omkhulu wezenhlalo, wezemvelo, kanye nempilo owabangelwa yiMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokungathi sína futhi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izindleko eziphakeme zemicimbi emikhulu njengeMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki zingabeka ingcindezi enkulu ohlelweni lwezempilo lomphakathi lwedolobha elisingethe imidlalo.
- Ukwakhiwa okukhulu kungabangela umonakalo emvelweni, ukushoda kwamanzi, kanye nezinkinga zempilo ezifana nothuli.
- Umthelela omubi kakhulu ukuxoshwa ngenkani kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu emakhaya abo, okunomthelela omubi empilweni yabo yengqondo neyomphakathi.
- Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izindleko ezifihliwe zabantu kanye nezemvelo zale mikhosi, kunobuhle bayo bangaphandle.
- Umhlaba udinga ukugxila ezindleleni ezintsha zokusingatha ama-Olimpiki ngendlela eqhubekayo neyobuntu esikhathini esizayo.
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