Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubona ngokucacile njengoba wawubona ngaphambili, ukuthi izinto azicacile? Noma ingabe imibala owawuyibona kahle manje ibonakala ingabonakali futhi imnyama? Ungazinaki lezi zinto njengokuthi "yilokhu okwenzekayo uma ukhula." Ngoba lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibucayi esingathinta ukubona kwakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibucayi kangaka, kodwa esidinga sonke ukusazi. Leso yi-Optic Atrophy.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Optic Atrophy?
Cabanga ngamehlo ethu njengekhamera. Kukhona "ikhebula" elikhethekile elithumela lokho ikhamera ekubonayo, okungukuthi, izithombe, ebuchosheni. Le khebula yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-optic nerve kwezokwelapha. Izintambo ezincane (imicu yezinzwa) ngaphakathi kwale khebula zithwala ulwazi olubonwa yiso luye ebuchosheni.
Manje, igama elithi Atrophy lisho "ukuchitha" noma "ukuwohloka." I-Optic Atrophy ibhekisela ekufeni kancane kancane noma ekulimaleni kwemicu emincane emthanjeni we-optic. Lapho le micu yemizwa yonakele, ulwazi oluvela esweni luya ebuchosheni aludluliselwa kahle. Umphumela uba ukuthi ukubona kwethu kuyabuthaka kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni kungaholela ebumpumputheni.
Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu ngoba umonakalo we-optic nerve awukwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva, okusho ukuthi awunakulungiswa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Optic Atrophy?
Zonke izimpawu zalesi simo zihlobene nokubona. Ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Umbono ofiphele: Kuzwakala sengathi usenkungwini . Lokhu kufiphala kungase kunganciphi ngokugqoka izibuko. Ubukhali bombono wakho buyehla kancane kancane.
- Ukwehla kokubona okuzungezile: Uma ubheka phambili, ulahlekelwa ikhono lokubona izinto eceleni. Kungazwakala sengathi ubheka umhlaba ngepayipi.
- Ubunzima bokubona imibala: Imibala iyafiphala. Imibala, ikakhulukazi ebomvu neluhlaza okotshani, ingase ibonakale ingacacile, ifiphele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibonakale ingwevu.
- Ukubona okunciphile: Izinto ezazicacile ngaphambili manje zibonakala zifiphele.
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, sicela ungasinaki. Bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kungani kwenzeka i-Optic Atrophy? Ziyini izimbangela?
Akukho neyodwa imbangela yokulimala kwemizwa yamehlo, kodwa ziningi izinto ezingayithinta. Isibonelo, ugesi ongena emakhaya ethuKubonakala sengathi izintambo zingalimala ngezinto ezahlukene. Ake sibheke izizathu eziyinhloko.
| Imbangela | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi emthanjeni (ischemia) | Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Inzwa ye-optic ithola umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba egazini. Uma lokhu kugeleza kwegazi kuphazamiseka, amangqamuzana emizwa aqala ukufa. |
| Ukucindezeleka emsipheni (Ukucindezeleka) | Njengoba nje ukunyathela ipayipi lamanzi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, uma into efana nesimila sobuchopho ikhula eduze kwenzwa, ingacindezela inzwa. I-Glaucoma ibangelwa futhi ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso. |
| Ukuvuvukala | Inzwa ye-optic nayo ingalimala ngenxa yokuvuvukala (i-Optic Neuritis), kanti izimo ezifana nokunqwabelana koketshezi ebuchosheni (i-Hydrocephalus) nazo zingathinta inzwa. |
| Izifo | Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane (isib. i-syphilis, isimungumungwane, isifo sofuba) zingalimaza i-optic nerve. |
| Ukulimala esweni | Ukushaywa okunamandla esweni noma ekhanda, njengengozi yemoto, ukulwa, noma ingozi yezemidlalo, kungalimaza imizwa. |
| Izimbangela zokuzalwa noma zefa | Abanye abantu bazalwa benalesi simo. I-Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ingenye yezifo ezinjalo ezizuzwe njengefa. |
| Ubuthi, imithi, noma ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo | Ubuthi obuthile (isib. i-methanol alcohol), imithi ethile, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 emzimbeni nakho kungathinta lokhu. |
| Izifo Zezinso | Inzwa ye-optic ingathinteka futhi yizimo ezifana ne-diabetic retinopathy, elimaza i-retina yeso ngenxa yesifo sikashukela. |
Ingabe lokhu kungadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?
Cha. I-Optic Atrophy ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo ngenhla, ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo (ukutheleleka) zingabangela lesi simo. Okusho ukuthi, uma uthola isifo esifana nesimungumungwane, ugonogono, i-chickenpox, noma isifo sofuba, kungalimaza i-optic nerve njengenkinga.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo, nokuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Udokotela uzosebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-ophthalmoscope) ukubheka i-optic disc, okuyimpande ye-optic nerve. Ekuwohlokeni kwamehlo, le ndawo ibonakala iphaphathekile kunokuba ibe pinki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa kwegazi emthanjeni kuyancipha.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Udokotela wakho angakuthumela ukuze uthole ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ukuthi ungabona ibanga elingakanani okuzungezile.
- I-MRI scan: Ukuhlola isimila sobuchopho noma enye inkinga.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): I-scan ekhethekile elinganisa ubukhulu be-optic nerve kanye ne-retina.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuthola izinto ezifana nokutheleleka noma ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu sonke okudingeka siyiqonde. Akukho ukwelashwa okwamanje okungabuyisela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ze-optic asevele onakele futhi aphelelwe amandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Optic Atrophy ayinakuguqulwa.
Ngakho-ke ingabe ukwelashwa akusizi ngalutho? Ungacabangi kanjalo. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe emsipheni.
Okudingeka kwenziwe ukuthola imbangela eyisisekelo yalesi simo bese siselashwa.
- Ake sithi imbangela iyisimila sobuchopho. Uma isimila sisuswa ngokuhlinzwa, ingcindezi emthanjeni iyaphela. Bese umonakalo owengeziwe uyaphela.
- Uma imbangela kuyi-glaucoma, kunikezwa imithi yokulawula ukucindezeleka esweni.
- Uma imbangela kuyisifo, kunikezwa ama-antibiotic.
- Uma imbangela iwukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, amavithamini adingekayo ayanikezwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma imbangela itholakala ngokushesha, amathuba akho okulondoloza noma yimuphi umbono osele ayanda.
Asikwazi yini ukuvimbela lesi simo?
Esikhathini esiningi, asikwazi ukulawula izimbangela ze-Optic Atrophy. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Isivikelo samehlo: Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha uma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi noma udlala imidlalo.
- Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka: Thola imijovo yakho edingekayo ngesikhathi. Futhi, landela izindlela eziphephile zokugwema izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle. Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Eqinisweni, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuhlala uhlola amehlo akho, noma ngabe akukho nkinga. Kodwa uma ubona into efana nale, bona udokotela ngokushesha :
- Noma yiluphi ushintsho embonweni: ukufiphala, ukushintsha kombala, ukwehla kokubona okuseceleni.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Ukubona kwakho kungenye yezinto zakho eziyigugu kakhulu. Ungakuthathi kalula. Kunakekele, noma ngabe kuyinto encane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuwohloka kwamehlo kuwukonakala kwenzwa ye-optic, exhumanisa iso nobuchopho. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.
- Ukubona okufiphele, ubunzima bokubona imibala, kanye nokuncipha kokubona okuseceleni yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zalesi simo, ngakho ukuthola imbangela eqondile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa.
- Ukulimala kwemizwa akukwazi ukuguqulwa. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuvimba umonakalo owengeziwe.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ungakuzibi futhi ubone udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa umbono wakho.
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