Mhlawumbe uzizwa ubuhlungu noma uklwebheka emphinjeni wakho ngezinye izikhathi, akunjalo? Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinjalo ziyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi uma unesifo somphimbo noma iqhubu elincane entanyeni yakho elihlala amasonto, akuvamile? Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kudingeka siqaphele kancane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingaqala ngezimpawu ezinjalo, kodwa asikhulumi kakhulu ngaso, okungumdlavuza owenzeka engxenyeni ephakathi yomphimbo.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal?
Leli igama lesayensi kancane, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda. Umphimbo wakho, obizwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-pharynx, uyingxenye ephakathi kwawo, esiyibiza ngokuthi i-oropharynx. Ukuze kube sobala, le ndawo ihlanganisa ingemuva lomlomo wakho, okuhlanganisa amathonsi akho, ingemuva lolimi lwakho, kanye nolwanga oluthambile. Lapho amangqamuzana kule ndawo eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki, abizwa ngokuthi i-Oropharyngeal Cancer .
Lokhu kuwela esigabeni somdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Nakuba kunezindlela zokwelapha lo mdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi ungaphinde ubuye ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Qaphela lezi zimpawu.
Izimpawu zalo mdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi zingafana nezesifo somphimbo esivamile, yingakho abantu abaningi bengazinaki ekuqaleni. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma uzizwa sengathi unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungesabi. Akuzona zonke lezi zimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo | Umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, naphezu kokuthatha imithi. |
| Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu ekugwinyeni (i-Dysphagia) | Ukuzwa iqhubu emphinjeni noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo ngokugcwele (i-Trismus) | Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo kahle ngenxa yobuhlungu noma ukuqina endaweni yomhlathi lapho uvula umlomo. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma isisindo somzimba wakho sehla ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngisho nangaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca kakhulu. |
| Ushintsho ngezwi | Izwi lakho liyaqhubeka nokushintsha, njengokushoshozela nokusha. |
| Ubuhlungu bendlebe | Ubuhlungu bendlebe obuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutheleleka kwendlebe. |
| Iqhubu emphinjeni noma entanyeni | Iqhubu elingazwakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ngemuva komlomo, noma ngaphandle kwentamo. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi | Igazi elincane noma ukopha okune-mucus. |
| Amabala amhlophe emlonyeni noma olimini | Amabala amhlophe akheka emaqakaleni angaphakathi emlonyeni noma olimini futhi awapheli ngisho nangemva kokucabangisisa kahle. |
Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko?
Kutholakale izimbangela eziningana eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza.
1. Igciwane le-Human Papilloma (HPV)
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal namuhla yi-Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-HPV 16. Uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, amanye amaprotheni eliwakhiqizayo aphazamisa ukusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwamaseli emlonyeni nasemphinjeni wethu. Kalula nje, leli gciwane livala 'ibhuleki' elilawula izinga amangqamuzana ahlukana ngalo. Khona-ke amaseli angahlukana ngokungalawuleki abe izimila ezinomdlavuza.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi (ugwayi)
Ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye nogwayi ohlafunwayo nakho kuyizimbangela ezinkulu zalo mdlavuza. Amakhemikhali akugwayi alimaza amangqamuzana abuthakathaka emphinjeni wakho. Ukuze ulungise lawa maseli alimele, umzimba wakho uqala ukuhlukanisa amangqamuzana ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Lapho amangqamuzana ehlukana ngesivinini esikhulu kangaka, kunethuba elikhulu lamaphutha ekukopishweni kwe-DNA yalawo maseli. Lawo maphutha yiwo aqala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
3. Utshwala
Ukuphuza utshwala kungalimaza amangqamuzana omphimbo. Ikakhulukazi, utshwala bunciphisa ikhono lamangqamuzana lokulungisa i-DNA yawo uma onakele. Umuntu ophuza utshwala ngenkathi ebhema usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza. Ngoba uma le mikhuba emibili ihlanganiswa, umonakalo wamangqamuzana uphindwe kabili noma kathathu.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila (njengokubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala).
Ngemuva kwalokho, umlomo wakho, umphimbo, kanye nentamo kuzohlolwa ngokucophelela. Intamo yakho izohlolwa ukuthi ayinazo yini izigaxa. Ngezinye izikhathi, isibuko esincane kanye nokukhanya, noma ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe (i-fiberoptic scope) lingafakwa emlonyeni wakho ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lomphimbo wakho.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?
Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona ngemva kwezimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela ukuze uyohlolwa okwengeziwe.
- I-Endoscopic Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Kulokhu, ithubhu elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe kulo (i-endoscope) lidluliselwa emphinjeni bese kususwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu endaweni esolisayo. Izicubu zibe sezihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma igciwane le-HPV.
- I-CT scan (I-Computed Tomography Scan): Lokhu kuskena kunganquma ubukhulu besimila somdlavuza nokuthi ngabe sisakazekele yini ezicutshini ezizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenziwa kanye ne-PET scan.
- I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile zezicubu ezithambile zomzimba, njenge-tonsils kanye nesisekelo solimi. I-MRI iyasiza kakhulu ekutholeni ukuqonda okunembile ngobukhulu kanye nokusabalala kwesimila.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kwalo mdlavuza kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, ubukhulu besimila, isimo se-HPV sesiguli, kanye nempilo yaso iyonke. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukususa ngokuphelele amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngomonakalo omncane ekhonweni lokukhuluma nokugwinya.
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Uma umdlavuza umncane futhi ungakasabalali, ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlinzwa ethuthuke kakhulu, engangenisi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) kulokhu.
Kuyini Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Transoral Robotic (TORS)?
Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo ulawula ingalo yerobhothi bese engena emlonyeni wesiguli ukuze asuse izimila ezijulile emphinjeni. Le ndlela iqeda isidingo sokwenza ukusika okukhulu entanyeni noma ukusika umhlathi njengasesikhathini esidlule.
| Izinzuzo nemiphumela emibi yokuhlinzwa kwe-TORS | |
|---|---|
| Izinzuzo | Imiphumela/Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona |
| - Isikhathi esincane esichithwa esibhedlela. | - Ukopha okungavamile (ukopha kwegazi). |
| - Ukukwazi ukululama ngokushesha. | - Ukudla neziphuzo ezingena emaphashini (isifiso). |
| - Umonakalo omncane ezicutshini ezizungezile ezinempilo. | - Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia). |
| - Izinkinga ezimbalwa zesikhathi eside zokukhuluma nokugwinya. | - Ukulahlekelwa yizwi unomphela noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. |
2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe kanye Nokwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy
Uma isimila sikhulu, singenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa, noma uma umdlavuza ususakazeke, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kusetshenziswa ndawonye noma ngokwehlukana.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Ukwenza isimila sibe sincane futhi kube lula ukuhlinzwa.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.
- Njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko: ezimweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki khona.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungalimaza nezicubu ezinempilo emphinjeni, okungaholela ekubunzimeni ekukhulumeni nasekugwinyeni. Kungase kudingeke ufune usizo lochwepheshe wezokukhuluma.
3. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha entsha. Kuhilela ukunikeza imithi ehlose iphrotheni ethile esiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule, ahlukane, futhi asakazeke, futhi avimbele ukusebenza kwawo. Kalula nje, kufana nokunquma 'uwoyela' oya 'enjinini' yamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
4. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokwelapha ethuthuke kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ayavuselelwa, futhi ngawo, enzelwe ukuqaphela nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi 'ayacasha' ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kwelashwa okwenziwa yilo kususa leso 'maski' futhi kuvumele amangqamuzana okuzivikela omzimba ukuba aqaphele umdlavuza.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Angakanani amathuba okululama?
Umdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal uyisifo esingelapheka. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuphinda ubuye ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke , ukulandelwa njalo kubalulekile.
Ukubikezela kuncike ezintweni eziningana:
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi: Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, uma lokhu kutholakala ngokushesha futhi ukwelashwa kuqala, amathuba okululama aphezulu.
- Isimo se-HPV: Ngokumangalisayo, izinga lokusinda kwabantu abathola lo mdlavuza ngenxa yokutheleleka yi-HPV liphakeme kunalabo abathola umdlavuza ngenxa yezinye izici ngaphandle kwe-HPV, njengokubhema.
- Ukungabhemi: Labo abagwema ngokuphelele ukubhema ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kokwelashwa bathola imiphumela engcono.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sihlale siphephile kulo mdlavuza?
Nakuba lo mdlavuza ungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
1. Gwema ukutheleleka nge-HPV: Manje sekukhona umuthi wokugomela osebenza kahle kakhulu wegciwane le-HPV, umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola lo muthi wokugomela usemncane.
2. Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka namuhla. Uma udinga usizo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
3. Nciphisa ukuphuza utshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela. Ukuhlanganisa utshwala nokubhema kuyingozi kakhulu.
4. Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kungagcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile.
5. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kanye namazinyo: Vakashela udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wamazinyo okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlole umlomo nomphimbo wakho. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko kusenesikhathi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Ingabe kudingeka ngiye ku-ETU?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kanye nokuqokwa kwakhe ngokucophelela ngemva kokwelashwa.
Uma uke wahlinzwa futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Imfiva.
- Ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu endaweni yokuhlinzwa.
- Uketshezi olufana nobovu luphuma enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukushintsha kwezwi, noma iqhubu entanyeni yakho. Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Njengamanje, imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal yi-HPV. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV unganciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
- Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyizitha ezimbili ezinkulu zalo mdlavuza. Ukuyeka le mikhuba kungenye yezindlela ezinkulu zokutshala imali ongazenza.
- Manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthuke kakhulu neziphumelelayo zalo mdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, kanye ne-TORS, i-Targeted Therapy, kanye ne-Immunotherapy.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ekwelapheni lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, futhi uma unemibuzo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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