Ake sifunde ngesifo segciwane i-Oropouche. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa ngezifo ezintsha, akunjalo? Kulezi zinsuku, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngegciwane elingavamile elibizwa ngokuthi ``Oropouche``. Ikakhulukazi uma sizwa ukuthi lisakazeka kwamanye amazwe, sizizwa sinelukuluku lokwazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi sinovalo. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi le ndaba imayelana nani, nokuthi kufanele sikhathazeke kangakanani ngayo.

Kuyini Isifo Segciwane i-Oropouche?

Kalula nje, isifo se-oropharyngeal siwukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Sivame ukuzwakala njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Sivame ukusabalala ngokulunywa yizinambuzane ezincane (uhlobo lwempukane encane, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-no-see-ams") kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomiyane.

Lesi sifo sibonakala kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, ikakhulukazi emazweni azungeze ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2024, kwabikwa ukuthi sasisakazeka nakwamanye amazwe afana neCuba. Yingakho ukunaka komhlaba wonke kugxile kulesi siqondiso.

Izimpawu ngokuvamile azizimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase ziphele futhi ziphinde zivele ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi, uma umama okhulelwe ethola lesi sifo, kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezithile.

Sivame kangakanani isifo segciwane i-Oropouche?

Leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala ngo-1955. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwabikwa amacala angaba ngu-500,000. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emhlabeni, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kukhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile nasekusabalaleni kwazo.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo segciwane i-Oropuche?

Iningi labantu alibi nezimpawu. Kodwa uma izimpawu zivela, zingase zihlanganise:

• Ngithola umkhuhlane omkhulu .
• Umzimba uzizwa ubanda futhi uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Ngiphethwe yikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu .
• Ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni (i-arthralgia).
• Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale ukuqubuka kwesikhumba .

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo , lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Kuleso simo, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Isiyezi .
• Kuba nzima ukubheka ukukhanya (`i-Photophobia`) noma kube nobuhlungu emehlweni.
• Kungase kube nokudideka noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile . Cabanga ngokuzumayo ucasuka, noma uzizwa nje uphelelwa yithemba.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Ungase uzizwe intamo iqinile .

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivame ukufana nezezifo ezifana ne-dengue. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuzelapha uma uqala umkhuhlane.

Yini ebangela isifo segciwane i-Oropouche?

Lesi sifo sibangelwa yigciwane. Igama laso lesayensi yi-Oropouche orthobunyavirus, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-OROV. Leli gciwane lakhiwe ngengcezu encane kakhulu yezinto zofuzo (kulokhu, i-RNA) kanye noqweqwe oluvikelayo.

Leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu ikakhulukazi ngokulunywa yizimpukane (uhlobo oluthile olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Culicoides paraensis') kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomiyane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwa lapho lezi zilwane ziluma umuntu onegciwane bese ziluma umuntu ophilile.

Ingabe igciwane le-oromucosal liyathelelana?

Cha, igciwane le-oromucosal alithelelani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye . Lokho kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukulithola ngokukhuluma nomuntu ogulayo, ukuxhawulana, noma ukuthinta ipuleti noma inkomishi ayisebenzisile.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, leli gciwane lingadlulela enganeni yakho nge-placenta. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezinkinga zokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo segciwane le-oromucosal?

Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo siyaphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, ezinye izinkinga zingavela.

• Kungase kube nokuvuvukala kobuchopho noma izembozo zobuchopho . Lokhu kubizwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi `(encephalitis)` (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho) noma `(meningitis)` (ukuvuvukala kwezimbozo zobuchopho). Lesi yisimo esibucayi ngandlela thile.
• Uma umama okhulelwe eba nalesi sifo, izingozi ezilandelayo zinganda:
• Kungase kube nokuphuphuma kwesisu .
• Kungase kube nokuzalwa kwengane ifile .
• Ingane ingaba nekhanda elincane (i-microcephaly) noma ezinye izimo zokuzalwa .

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ungakuzibi. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Igciwane le-Oropouche litholakala kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga isifo se-oropharyngeal ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulunywe yisinambuzane esithwala igciwane. Isibonelo, uma usanda kuvakashela izwe lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, lokho kuwulwazi olubalulekile.

Uma izimpawu zinkulu, odokotela bangase benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukubhoboza i-lumbar ukuze babheke izimpawu zegciwane.

Isifo segciwane i-Oropouche selashwa kanjani?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane ezisetshenziswa ngqo igciwane le-Oropouche. Okusho ukuthi, akukho mithi ethile enganikezwa ukubulala igciwane.

Ukwelashwa kuhloswe kakhulu ukulawula izimpawu.

• Ungathatha imithi ekhaya, njenge-paracetamol (igama lomkhiqizo i-Tylenol®) ukuze unciphise umkhuhlane futhi unciphise izinhlungu zomzimba.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu:Ungaphuzi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-aspirin noma eminye imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu (isibonelo, i-ibuprofen) ngaphandle kokuthi uqondiswe udokotela. Le mithi ingandisa ingozi yokopha ezimweni zomkhuhlane we-dengue kanye nezinye izifo ezibonisa izimpawu ezifana nezomkhuhlane we-dengue. Ngakho-ke, ungayisebenzisi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Kwenzekani uma uthola igciwane le-oromucosal?

Abantu abaningi abangenwa yigciwane le-oropharyngeal bayalulama phakathi nesonto ngaphandle kokugula kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bencipha kancane izimpawu bese bebuya ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele phakathi nenyanga.

Ingabe igciwane le-oromucosal libangela ukufa?

Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu esibangela ukufa. Kusukela ngosuku okwatholakala ngalo leli gciwane ngo-1955, cishe akukho ukufa okubikiwe ngenxa yalesi sifo kuze kube ngu-2024. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2024, okokuqala ngqa, kwabikwa ukufa okuningana ngenxa yaleli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, kuyiphesenti eliphansi kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho igciwane le-oropharyngeal livame khona, noma uke waya kulo, futhi uba nezimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhulelwe . Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukunikeza iseluleko kanye nokwelashwa okudingayo.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma uba nezimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(meningitis)` (ukuvuvukala kwesimbozo sobuchopho) noma `(encephalitis)` (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho), iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokubuka ukukhanya noma ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo.
• Isimo sokudideka noma ushintsho oluphawulekayo esimweni sengqondo.
• Ukuqina kwentamo noma ukungakwazi ukujika intamo nekhanda.

Lezi akuzona izimpawu zokudlala. Kudingeka ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma usola noma uqinisekisiwe ukuthi unegciwane le-oropharyngeal, kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Yimiphi imithi ephephile engingayithatha ekhaya?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezingathi sína okufanele ngikhathazeke ngazo?
• Ngingaphinde ngithole lesi sifo?
• Ingabe umndeni wami ungakuthola lokhu? (Manje sesiyazi ukuthi impendulo yalokhu ithi "cha", kodwa kuhle ukuqiniseka).

Ingabe isifo segciwane le-oromucosal singavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungakwazi! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela egciwaneni le-oromucosal ukugwema ukulunywa yizinambuzane. Kunezinto eziningana ongayenza ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane. Khetha izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane ezibhaliswe yi-EPA eziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-DEET. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela omiyane namakhizane.
• Uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi ebusuku (lapho izinambuzane zikuluma kakhulu), gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho. Gqoka amabhulukwe amade, amahembe anemikhono emide, kanye namasokisi.
• Susa noma yiziphi izindawo lapho amanzi angaqoqana khona. Amabhakede, imigqomo, izindawo zokugeza izinyoni, namathayi amadala konke kungaqoqa amanzi. Futhi, gcwalisa noma yimaphi amanzi egcekeni lakho angase abe namanzi. Lezi yizindawo zokuzalela omiyane.
• Uma ikhaya lakho linezikrini emafasiteleni alo, hlola imigodi bese uyilungisa. Uma kungenzeka, gcina amafasitela neminyango ivaliwe. Izikrini zamafasitela kufanele zibe `ne-mesh encane` enezimbobo ezincane kangangokuthi ngisho nezintuthwane azikwazi ukungena.
• Uma usendaweni lapho igciwane le-oromucosal livame khona, sebenzisa inethi encane enezinti ezizungezile indawo yakho yokulala ebusuku.
• Uma ukhulelwe, gwema ukuya ezindaweni lapho igciwane le-oropharyngeal livame khona ngangokunokwenzeka.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba kujwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba lapho uzwa ngegciwane elisha, igciwane le-Oropouche selikhona ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-United States amashumi eminyaka. Iningi labantu aliguli kakhulu ngenxa yalo. Kodwa-ke, uma lisakazekela ezindaweni lapho lingakaze libe khona ngaphambili, lingenza izindaba ezinkulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uzivikele ekulunyweni yizinambuzane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma uya endaweni entsha. Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-oropharyngeal herpes, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo. Khumbula njalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu kunokuzilapha.

Igciwane le- Oropouche, umkhuhlane, omiyane, izintwala, izimpawu, ukuvimbela