Ingabe awunazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi? Ake sixoxe nge-pancytopenia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Noma uyagula noma yini encane, noma ubona imivimbo emzimbeni wakho wonke? Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile egazini lakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingase senzeke ngezikhathi ezinjalo, odokotela abasibiza ngokuthi "i-pancytopenia". Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula.

Kuyini i-pancytopenia?

Kalula nje, i-pancytopenia yisimo lapho zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zamaseli egazi emzimbeni wethu - amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet - ziphansi kunokuvamile. Cabanga ngakho njengefektri enkulu. Kunezisebenzi ezahlukene kule fektri zemisebenzi ehlukene. Kunjalo nangala maseli egazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize.

Manje bheka ukuthi kwenzekani uma lezi zinhlobo zamaseli zincipha:

• Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anciphile: Lawa amangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Lawa maseli aqukethe iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin . Yilokho okubambelela emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, uma kuncipha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma i-hemoglobin, sikubiza ngokuthi "i-anemia" noma "ukuntuleka kwegazi."
• Inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma ama-leukocyte, afana namaseli okuzivikela omzimba. Alwa namagciwane futhi asivikele ezifweni. Phakathi kwalawa maseli amhlophe, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lubizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils . Ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kubizwa ngokuthi i-leukopenia . Ukwehla kwama-neutrophils kubizwa nangokuthi i-neutropenia .
• Inani eliphansi lama-platelet: Ama-platelet ayizingcezu ezincane zamaseli. Kodwa enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Uma sithola ukusikeka, lawa ma-platelet asiza ekumiseni ukuphuma kwegazi. Abaluleke kakhulu ekuqineni kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, uma inani lama-platelet liphansi, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia .

Uma une-pancytopenia, ungase ube nezimpawu ezibangelwa yisimo esisodwa, eziningana, noma zonke lezi, kuye ngokuthi amangqamuzana akho egazi aphansi kangakanani.

Ivame kangakanani i-pancytopenia?

Eqinisweni, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pancytopenia asivamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona, kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu abasitholayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pancytopenia?

Ngezinye izikhathi i-pancytopenia ingaba mnene kakhulu. Ungase ungaziboni izimpawu ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela uzoyithola uma enza umsebenzi wegazi ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi lapho isimo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sisongela ukuphila. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezahlukene lapho lezi zinhlobo zamaseli egazi zincipha.

Izimpawu zamaseli abomvu aphansi egazini (i-anemia)

Uma ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho nezicubu ngeke zithole umoya-mpilo owanele. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala): Umuzwa wokukhathala nokungafuni ukwenza lutho.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• I-Arrhythmia umuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha noma ngokungajwayelekile.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo noma umuzwa wokubanda nokujuluka.

Izimpawu zamaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi (i-leukopenia)

Uma ungenawo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anele, ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo liyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola izifo kalula. Lezi zifo zingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala).
• Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukutheleleka (i-pharyngitis).
• Izilonda zomlomo.
• Ukukhwehlela kakhulu.
• Uhudo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
• Ubomvu buphuma emanxebeni.

Izimpawu zokubalwa kwamaplatelet aphansi (i-thrombocytopenia)

Uma ama-platelet akho ephansi, igazi lakho alivali kahle. Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuthola imivimbo emzimbeni wakho ngisho noma kuyinto encane kakhulu.
• Ukopha okunzima ukukuyeka noma okuhlala isikhathi eside.
• Ukopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
• Ukopha ngendle, umchamo , noma ukuhlanza.
• Amabala abomvu noma ansomi esikhumbeni (i-petechiae) – afana nokuqubuka. Ngezinye izikhathi amabala abomvu, ansomi, noma ansundu (i-purpura) nawo angavela.

Yini ebangela lesi simo se-pancytopenia?

I-pancytopenia ivame ukubangelwa ukukhubazeka enqubweni yokukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo . Ubuwazi ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu egazi akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wamathambo? Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis . Lawa maseli aphuma emnkantsheni wamathambo futhi angene egazini lethu kuphela ngemva kokuba esevuthiwe.

Ngakho-ke, i-pancytopenia ingenzeka uma umongo wakho wethambo ungakhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anempilo anele, noma uma lawa mangqamuzana egazi ebhujiswa ngokushesha kakhulu ngemva kokukhiqizwa.

Kunezici eziningana ezingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwala maseli egazi noma ziwabhubhise:

• Izifo ezihlobene nomnkantsha wamathambo:Kunezifo ezithile ezibangela ukuthi umongo wethambo ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Iningi lalawa 'atholakala' ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu. Amanye 'azuzwe njengefa'. Isibonelo:
• I-anemia ye-Aplastic
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia

• Umdlavuza: Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza esakazekela emnkantsheni, aphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingabangela i-pancytopenia zifaka:
• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma
• I-myeloma eminingi
• I-Myelofibrosis
• Izifo ze-Myelodysplastic
• Ukusabalala komdlavuza kusuka kwenye indawo uye emnkantsheni wamathambo (umdlavuza osakazeka kabanzi)

• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kanye nokusetshenziswa kotshwala: Uma umzimba wakho ungatholi izakhamzimba ezanele njengevithamini B12 kanye ne-folate , ungase ungakwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Futhi, ukuphuza utshwala obuningi kungaba imbangela enkulu ye-pancytopenia.

• Izifo ezithelelanayo: Lesi simo singabangelwa nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane. Izibonelo:
• I-Mononucleosis `(i-Mononucleosis - mono)`
• Igciwane le-HIV (igciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus)
• I-Hepatitis C
• I-Parvovirus B19 `(Parvovirus B19)`
• Isifo sofuba
• Umalaleveva

• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba: Yilapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela amangqamuzana egazi anempilo. Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba ezingabangela i-pancytopenia zifaka:
• I-Lupus
• Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis

• Ukwelashwa ngemithi: Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali yomdlavuza, inganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi.

• Ukuchayeka ebuthini: Ubuthi obungokwemvelo njenge- benzene ne -arsenic bungalimaza amangqamuzana akho egazi. Ukuchayeka emisebeni nakho kunganciphisa amangqamuzana akho egazi.

• Ukususwa kwe-splenic:Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingabangela ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi aqoqeke embendeni yakho. Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, kanye neminye imidlavuza kungabangela lokhu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imbendeni ingavuvukala futhi ibe buhlungu (i-splenomegaly).

Ezimweni ezingavamile, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalokhu kwehla kwamangqamuzana egazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic pancytopenia .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pancytopenia?

Noma ubani onezimo esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni angaba ne-pancytopenia. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo segazi, noma uma uthola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nalesi simo.

Itholakala kanjani i-pancytopenia?

Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele okuvamile (i-CBC) kungahlola amazinga aphansi amaseli egazi. Lawa manani angahluka kancane kuye ngezici ezifana nobudala, uhlanga, kanye nesimo sempilo.

Lawa amazinga ngokuvamile abhekwa njengaphansi:

• Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi: Kwabesifazane, angaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-4.2 zamaseli nge-microliter yegazi noma ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-12 (g) e-hemoglobin (nge-deciliter ngayinye). Kwabesilisa, angaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-4.7 zamaseli nge-microliter yegazi noma ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-13 e-hemoglobin (nge-deciliter ngayinye).
• Amaseli amhlophe egazi: Angaphansi kwamaseli amhlophe egazi angu-4,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi, noma inani lama-neutrophil elingaphansi kuka-1,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Ama-neutrophil uhlobo oluningi kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi, ngakho-ke leli nani libaluleke kakhulu.
• Ama-Platelet: Ama-platelet angaphansi kuka-150,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola imbangela?

Uma udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi une-pancytopenia, angase enze ezinye izivivinyo ukuze athole ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ochwepheshe bezifo zegazi (i-hematologist) .

Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka amangqamuzana egazi lakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Uma kukhona amangqamuzana anomumo ongavamile, kungakunikeza inkomba yokuthi imbangela iyini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinga e-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate: I-Pancytopenia ivame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo. Ngakho ukuhlola la mazinga kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yiyo yini imbangela.
• Ukufuthwa komnkantsha kanye ne-biopsy: Kule nqubo, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wakho bese eyihlola ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini izifo ezibangela i-pancytopenia, njengomdlavuza.

Kuye ngemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase enze nokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuze abheke ezinye izimbangela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezimo zokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo (izinguquko ku-DNA yakho).

Iphathwa kanjani i-pancytopenia?

Ukwelashwa kugxile kakhulu ekutholeni imbangela eyisisekelo yalesi simo, ukuselapha, kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu. Kukhona futhi ukwelashwa okungakhuphula ngqo inani lamaseli egazi lakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Imithi: Kunemithi ethile evuselela umongo wamathambo futhi iwusize ukuthi wakhe amaseli egazi engeziwe.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Uma inani lamaseli egazi lakho liphansi kakhulu futhi lingaba yingozi empilweni yakho, ungase unikezwe ukumpontshelwa kwamaseli egazi abomvu noma ama-platelet.
• Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem noma umnkantsha wamathambo: Lezi zinqubo zihilela ukususa amaseli e-stem angasebenzi kahle (lawa amaseli ayisisekelo emnkantsha wamathambo enza amaseli egazi) kanye nokufakelwa amaseli e-stem anempilo.

Uma amazinga akho e-neutrophil ephansi kakhulu futhi usengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo, ungase unikezwe nama-antibiotic e-broad-spectrum .

Yini okufanele ilindelwe umuntu one-pancytopenia?

Amathuba akho okululama ancike ekutheni yini ebangele inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi. Okwamanje akukho datha eqondile mayelana nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwe-pancytopenia. Esikhundleni salokho, abacwaningi babheka ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kangakanani kulesi simo esiyisisekelo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi njengoba ukwelashwa kwezimo eziyisisekelo kuthuthuka, imiphumela yabantu abane-pancytopenia nayo iyathuthuka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu. Angakutshela ulwazi lwakamuva locwaningo futhi achaze ukuthi luthinta kanjani isimo sakho.

Ingabe i-pancytopenia iyisimo esibucayi?

Yebo, kungaba yingozi. Kuye nangokuthi yini ebangela inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi lakho. Uma une-pancytopenia, udokotela wakho uzobheka imbangela bese enquma ukuthi iyingozi kangakanani.

Kufanele ngiye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha okukhulu?

I-pancytopenia ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi isongela impilo uma ingelashwa. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-38 (101 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo (ukuphelelwa yithemba).
• Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula.
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe.
• Uma uqala ukuba nekhanda elisha.
• Uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu.
• Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni.
• Uma kwenzeka ukuxhuzula.

I-pancytopenia ingakuthinta ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuye ngokuthi amangqamuzana akho egazi aphansi kangakanani nokuthi iyini imbangela eyinhloko. Uma inani lamangqamuzana akho egazi likubeka engcupheni yokuthola i-anemia, ukutheleleka, noma ukopha ngokweqile, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Buza futhi nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi i-pancytopenia yisimo lapho wonke amangqamuzana ethu egazi amathathu, okungukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet, encipha khona ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zalokhu, futhi izimpawu nazo ziyahlukahluka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela uma unalezi zimpawu. Angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini engalungile bese eqala ukwelashwa okudingayo. Uma ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi, uvame ukubhekana nalezi zimo kahle. Ngakho-ke, nakekela umzimba wakho, futhi uma ubona okuthile okuhlukile, kuqaphele. Hlala uphilile!

I- Pancytopenia, i-Pancytopenia, ukuntuleka kwamaseli egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, umnkantsha wamathambo, i-anemia, i-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia