Ake sifunde ngomqondo oyimfihlo olawula i-calcium emzimbeni wakho: i-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

Sonke sinezithunywa ezincane zamakhemikhali ezisebenza emizimbeni yethu, ezingabonakali, ukuze zisigcine siphilile. Esinye sezithunywa ezinjalo yi-hormone ye-parathyroid. Kalula nje, le hormone ilawula inani le-calcium egazini lethu. Kungani ibaluleke kangaka? Ngoba i-calcium ibalulekile ukuze izinzwa zethu, imisipha, kanye nenhliziyo zisebenze kahle.

Le hormone ye-parathyroid (i-Parathyroid Hormone - PTH) yenziwa yizindlala zethu ze-parathyroid. Lezi zitholakala entanyeni yethu, ngemuva kwendlala ye-thyroid. Ziyizindlala ezine ezincane kakhulu. Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukulawula inani le-calcium egazini lethu . Khumbula, akuyona i-calcium emathanjeni, kodwa i-calcium egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le PTH iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni i-phosphorus yamaminerali kanye ne-hormone i-vitamin D egazini nasemathanjeni.

Isebenza kanjani i-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH)?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi le parathyroid hormone (PTH) isebenza kanjani. Uma amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ehla, izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhipha i-PTH. Kufana nenzwa. Le PTH bese iyahamba futhi ithinte izingxenye eziningana zomzimba wethu ukuze ibuyise amazinga e-calcium.

• Amathambo: Okokuqala, amathambo ethu anikezwa isignali encane, ethi, ‘Khipha i-calcium egazini.’ Bese kufakwa inani elincane le-calcium emathanjeni egazini. Lokhu akuwenzi amathambo abe buthaka, ngoba lokhu kuyinqubo elawulwayo.
• Izinso: Okwesibili, kuthinta izinso zethu. Okokuqala ukuthi izinso zisiza ekwenzeni i-vitamin D esebenzayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-calcitriol. Le calcitriol isiza umzimba ukuthi umunce i-calcium ekudleni esikudlayo. Okunye ukuthi itshela izinso ukuthi 'zigcine i-calcium emzimbeni, zingayikhiphi emchameni'. Khona-ke i-calcium ngeke ichitheke.
• Amathumbu Amancane: Okwesithathu, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-vitamin D (Calcitriol) ithumela isignali emathunjini ethu amancane ukuze amunce i-calcium eningi ekudleni esikudlayo.

Yileyo ndlela i-PTH esebenza ngayo ukugcina izinga le-calcium egazini lisezingeni elifanele ngokuthonya izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Ingabe lokhu akuyona indlela emangalisayo?

Umzimba wethu ulawula kanjani amazinga e-PTH?

Umzimba wethu ulawula kanjani leli zinga le-PTH? Kwenzeka ngendlela exakile kakhulu. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-feedback loop . Kalula nje, lapho i-calcium egazini incipha, izindlala ze-parathyroid ziyavuselelwa bese zikhipha i-PTH. Lapho i-calcium egazini ikhula, itshela izindlala ukuthi 'ziyeke ukwenza i-PTH manje, sekwanele'. Ngakho-ke yileyo ndlela elawulwa ngayo. Kufana nenjini endlini evula lapho amanzi ethangini lamanzi ephansi bese icima lapho ithangi ligcwele.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma kunenkinga ngezindlala zethu ze-parathyroid, le mpendulo ingase ingasebenzi kahle, okubangela ukuthi kukhiqizwe i-PTH eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona.

Yiziphi izifo ezingavela uma amazinga e-PTH ephazamiseka?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingaba khona uma amazinga e-parathyroid hormone (PTH) ephazamiseka.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-PTH enyuka? (I-Hyperparathyroidism)

Uma amazinga e-PTH ephezulu kakhulu, sikubiza ngokuthi i-hyperparathyroidism . Bese kwenzeka izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Izinga le-calcium egazini liyakhuphuka . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia.
• Izinga le-phosphorus egazini liyehla . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypophosphatemia.

Cabanga nje, i-PTH iqhubeka nokukhipha i-calcium emathanjeni iye egazini, ivimba izinso ekukhipheni i-calcium, futhi imunce okuningi ekudleni... bese igazi ligcwala i-calcium, akunjalo? Lokhu kufana nepayipi elivalekayo namanzi agcwala.

Kungaba nezimbangela eziningana zalesi simo, njenge:

• I-Parathyroid Adenoma: Lokhu akuyona umdlavuza, kodwa lesi simila sibangela ukuthi indlala ikhiqize i-PTH eningi kakhulu. Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu.
• I-Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Zonke izindlala ezine ziyakhula futhi zikhiqize ama-hormone amaningi.
• Isifo Sezinso: Lesi simo singaba khona ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sezinso sesikhathi eside. Ngoba uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, ukukhiqizwa kwevithamini D kuyancipha futhi ukukhishwa kwe-phosphorus kuyancipha. Lokhu kukhuthaza izindlala ze-parathyroid ukuthi zikhiqize i-PTH eyengeziwe.
• Umdlavuza we-Parathyroid: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka.

Kwenzekani uma amazinga e-PTH ehla? (Hypoparathyroidism)

Uma amazinga e-PTH ephansi, kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypoparathyroidism . Bese kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho:

• Amazinga e-calcium aphansi egazini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypocalcemia.
• Izinga le-phosphorus egazini liyakhuphuka . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hyperphosphatemia.

I-Hypoparathyroidism iyisimo esingavamile. Iningi lamacala (cishe angu-75%) abangelwa ukulimala noma ukususwa ngengozi kwezindlala ze-parathyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwentamo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid. Kungabangelwa futhi yizimo ezithile zofuzo kanye nezimo zokuzivikela komzimba - izifo lapho amasosha omzimba omzimba ehlasela khona amaseli awo.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi izinga lakho le-PTH alijwayelekile? Ziyini izimpawu?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, i-PTH ilawula ngokuyinhloko inani le-calcium egazini. Ngakho-ke izimpawu ezenzeka lapho amazinga e-PTH ephansi noma ephezulu empeleni ziyizimpawu zamazinga e-calcium aphansi noma aphezulu egazini. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Izimpawu ze-calcium ephansi egazini (i-Hypocalcemia):

Ungase uzizwe izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Inkungu yobuchopho noma ukudideka. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhanda lakho limbozwe inkungu.
• Isikhumba siyoma, izinzipho ziphuka kalula, futhi izinwele ziyawa.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• Ukuqaqamba kwezindebe zakho, iminwe noma izinyawo.
• Izinto ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka nazo zingase zenzeke.
• Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuquleka kungase kwenzeke.

Cabanga nje, uNiluka wazizwa engasakwazi ukuzibamba iminwe yakhe, enyakaza emlonyeni wakhe, futhi inyama yemilenze yakhe yaqala ukuba bomvu. Wazizwa engakhululekile neze. Kwakungesikhathi eya kudokotela kuphela lapho athola khona ukuthi izinga lakhe le-calcium egazini lase lehlile, futhi imbangela kwakuyi-hypoparathyroidism.

Izimpawu ze-calcium ephezulu egazini (i-Hypercalcemia):

Izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zibonise i-calcium ephezulu egazini:

• Ngizizwa ngikhathele kakhulu, sengathi anginamandla (Ukukhathala). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngilala kangakanani, ukukhathala akubonakali kuphelile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye nobuhlungu bamathambo.
• Ukudinga ukuchama kaningi kanye nokoma.
• Izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo.
• Kunzima ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukukhohlwa kuyaphela, kanye nokudideka kwengqondo.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amatshe ezinso kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo kungenzeka.

Isibonelo, uMalume uSaman wayezizwa ekhathele kakhulu izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi amalunga akhe ayebuhlungu. Wayehlala omile futhi edinga ukuya endlini yokugezela. Lapho udokotela emhlola, watshelwa ukuthi i-calcium yakhe egazini yayiphezulu kancane. Wayene-hyperparathyroidism.

Uma unalezi zimpawu, okusho ukuthi uzizwa sengathi amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho aphansi noma aphezulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela . Ungakhohlwa lokho. Lezi akuzona izimpawu ezinhle zokungazinaki.

Ungahlola kanjani izinga le-PTH?

Udokotela wakho angahlola amazinga e-hormone yakho ye-parathyroid ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula . Odokotela kanye nama-lab babiza lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuthi “i-PTH, intact.” Bavame futhi ukuhlola amazinga e-calcium, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-vitamin D egazini lakho ukuze bathole isithombe esiphelele.

Yiziphi izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zamazinga e-PTH?

Ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuvamile kwe-PTH, izinga eliphilile liphakathi kwama-picogram angu-15 no-65 nge-milliliter (pg/mL) . I-picogram iyi-trillionth eyodwa yegremu. Lokho kusho ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu lenza lo msebenzi obalulekile emizimbeni yethu.

Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi la manani ajwayelekile angahluka kancane kusuka elabhorethri kuya elabhorethri. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhlale ubheka ububanzi obujwayelekile baleyo labhorethri embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Uma uhlolwa i-PTH, udokotela wakho nguyena ozochaza imiphumela ngokunembile. Uzoyiqhathanisa nezinga lakho le-calcium bese ekutshela ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

I-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) iyi -hormone ebaluleke kakhulu elawula ngokunembile izinga le-calcium egazini lethu. Leli zinga le-calcium libalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa, imisipha kanye nenhliziyo.

Uma unezimpawu ze-hypercalcemia (i-calcium ephezulu egazini) noma i-hypocalcemia (i-calcium ephansi egazini), njengezinkinga zemisipha, izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, ukukhathala ngokweqile, kanye nobuhlungu bamathambo, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokulibala. Uma lezi zimo ziqhubeka, zingadala umonakalo ezinso, enhliziyweni nasemathanjeni.

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula ukuze anqume ukuthi amazinga akho e-parathyroid hormone ayimbangela yini. Uma kunjalo, angaqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinkinga zingelashwa ngemithi, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlinzwa okuncane. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela umzimba wakho, ukuqonda izimpawu ozinikezayo, nokwenza ngokuvumelana nazo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile.

I- hormone ye-Parathyroid, i-PTH, i-calcium, i-hyperparathyroidism, i-hypoparathyroidism, i-hypercalcemia, i-hypocalcemia